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{{Short description|British pathologist and cancer researcher}}
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'''William Ewart Gye''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (born '''William Ewart Bullock''', 11 August 1889, [[Breaston]] – 14 October 1952) was a British pathologist and cancer researcher.<ref>[http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/1948 William Ewart Gye, Munks Roll Details, Lives of the fellows, Royal College of Physicians]</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Craigie, J.|title=Dr. W. E. Gye|journal=Nature|volume=170|issue=4333|pages=825|pmid=13013220}}</ref>
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
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'''William Ewart Gye''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (born '''William Ewart Bullock'''; 11 August 1889, [[Breaston]] – 14 October 1952) was a British [[pathologist]] and cancer researcher.<ref name="rcplondon">{{cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/1948|title=Inspiring Physicians {{pipe}} RCP Museum – William Ewart Gye, Munks Roll Details, Lives of the fellows, Royal College of Physicians|website= munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref name=ObitNFRS>{{cite journal|author=Andrewes CH|author-link=Christopher Andrewes|year=1953|title=William Ewart Gye. 1884-1952|journal=Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=8|issue=22|pages=418–430|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1953.0008|s2cid=162165139 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Craigie, J.|title=Dr. W. E. Gye|journal=Nature|year=1952|volume=170|issue=4333|pages=825|pmid=13013220|doi=10.1038/170825a0|bibcode=1952Natur.170..825C|doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Career ==
After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at University College, Nottingham and, after studying chemistry under Kipping, graduated there B.Sc. Lond. Bullock then studied medicine at Edinburgh University and in 1912 graduated there M.B., B.Chir. Edin. At Edinburgh University n 1913 he received the higher degree [[Doctor of Medicine]] (M.D. Edin.) and won a gold medal for his medical thesis. Bulock married his first wife, Elsa Gye, in 1913. In 1913 he joined the staff of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, which at that time was under the direction of Ernest Francis Bashford. When WWI started, Bullock joined the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.<ref name=BMCobit>{{cite journal|title=W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S,|journal=British Medical Journal|date=25 October 1952|volume=2|issue=4790|pages=945–946|pmc=2021835|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2021835/?page=2}}</ref> He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologistl and worked with [[William Cramer (pathologist)|William Cramer]] on [[gas gangrene]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bullock WE|author2=Cramer W|title=On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character|volume=90|issue=633|year=1919|pages=513–529|jstor=80697}}</ref> After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the [[National Institute for Medical Research]] at Hampstead, where he worked with Edgar Hartley Kettle on silicosis.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE|author2=Kettle EH|year=1922|title=Silicosis and miners' phthisis|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=3|issue=5|pages=241–251|pmc=2047740}}</ref> In 1919 William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye", apparently because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist [[William Bulloch (bacteriologist)|William Bulloch]].
{{Moresources|section|date=February 2023}}
After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at [[University of Nottingham|University College, Nottingham]] and, after studying chemistry under [[Frederick Kipping|Kipping]], graduated there with a BSc in 1906.


In 1911, Bullock married his first wife, [[Elsa Gye]], who was a dedicated [[suffragette]].<ref name="CrawfordBook">{{cite book|author=Crawford, Elizabeth|title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928|chapter=Gye, Elsa (1881–1943)|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|page=254|isbn=9780415239264|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giffod3v0FsC&pg=PA254}}</ref> Bullock studied medicine at the [[University of Edinburgh]] and in 1912 graduated there MBChB. In 1913 he received his [[Doctor of Medicine]] qualification from the university, and won a gold medal for his medical thesis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=A contribution to the chemical pathology of the lipoids|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29475|language=en}}</ref> He also won the Ellis Prize in Physiology for his essay, “The chemistry of nerve degeneration.”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bullock|first=W. E.|year=1913|title=The chemistry of nerve degeneration|url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/29473|language=en}}</ref>
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With W. J. Purdy, Gye did experiments confirming [[Peyton Rous]]'s claims concerning the [[Rous sarcoma virus]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE.|author2=Purdy WJ|title=Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=11|issue=3|year=1930|pages=211–216|pmc=2048160}}</ref> In 1934 Gye became the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund’s laboratories at Mill Hill. He was elected F.R.S. in 1938 and F.R.C.P. in 1940.


In 1913, he joined the staff of the [[Cancer Research UK#History|Imperial Cancer Research Fund]],<ref name="ObitNFRS" /> which at that time was under the direction of [[Ernest Francis Bashford]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary. Ernest Francis Bashford, O.B.E., M.D.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=8 September 1923|volume=2|issue=3271|pages=440–441|pmc=2316986|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.3271.440-a|last1=Hayward|first1=J. A.}}</ref> When [[World War I]] started, Bullock joined the [[Royal Army Medical Corps]] and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.<ref name="BMCobit">{{cite journal|title=W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S|journal=British Medical Journal|date=25 October 1952|volume=2|issue=4790|pages=945–946|pmc=2021835|pmid=12978397}}</ref> He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologist and worked with [[William Cramer (pathologist)|William Cramer]] on [[gas gangrene]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bullock WE|author2=Cramer W|title=On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character|volume=90|issue=633|year=1919|pages=513–529|jstor=80697|doi=10.1098/rspb.1919.0009|bibcode=1919RSPSB..90..513B|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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Gye's first wife, Elsa, bore him three sons and died of cancer in 1943. On 30 December 1944<ref>[http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mann-dame-ida-caroline-14894 Biography – Dame Ida Caroline Mann – Australian Dictionary of Biography, brief bio by Geraldine Byrne]</ref> William Gye married the famous ophthalmologist [[Ida Mann]] and in 1948 they moved to [[Perth]], [[Western Australia]].<ref name=BMCobit/>

After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the [[National Institute for Medical Research]] at Hampstead, where he worked with [[Edgar Hartley Kettle]] on [[silicosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE|author2=Kettle EH|year=1922|title=Silicosis and miners' phthisis|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=3|issue=5|pages=241–251|pmc=2047740}}</ref> In June 1919,<ref>{{cite news|title=William Ewart Gye|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31458/page/9054/data.pdf|pages=9054|newspaper=The London Gazette|date=15 July 1919}}</ref> William Bullock's wife retook her maiden name, and William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye",<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> perhaps because he wanted to please his wife<ref name="CrawfordBook" /> and perhaps because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist [[William Bulloch (bacteriologist)|William Bulloch]] — there is a theory that the name change was in gratitude to a benefactor (not Bullock's wife or father-in-law).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Vischer, Peter|title=A Romance of the Microscope|journal=Popular Science|date=October 1925|pages=13–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0CcDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13}} This story by Peter Vischer alleges that Bullock changed his surname to "Gye" before 1919, but this allegation is false.</ref>

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With W. J. Purdy, Gye conducted experiments confirming [[Peyton Rous]]'s claims concerning the [[Rous sarcoma virus]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gye WE.|author2=Purdy WJ|title=Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates|journal=British Journal of Experimental Pathology|volume=11|issue=3|year=1930|pages=211–216|pmc=2048160}}</ref> Gye was the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund's laboratories at Mill Hill from 1934 to 1949, when he resigned due to ill health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1938 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1940.{{cn|date=February 2023}}

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Gye's and his first wife, Elsa, had three sons together. She died of cancer in 1943. On 30 December 1944,<ref name="edu">{{cite web|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mann-dame-ida-caroline-14894|title=Biography - Dame Ida Caroline Mann – Australian Dictionary of Biography|website=adb.anu.edu.au|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref> Gye married [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] [[Ida Mann]] (later Dame Ida Mann) and, in 1949, they moved to [[Perth]], [[Western Australia]].<ref name="BMCobit" />


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:British pathologists]]
[[Category:British pathologists]]
[[Category:People from Derbyshire]]
[[Category:British cancer researchers]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:People from Breaston]]

Latest revision as of 13:47, 13 April 2024

William Ewart Gye FRS (born William Ewart Bullock; 11 August 1889, Breaston – 14 October 1952) was a British pathologist and cancer researcher.[1][2][3]

Career

[edit]

After a difficult financial struggle, Bullock matriculated at University College, Nottingham and, after studying chemistry under Kipping, graduated there with a BSc in 1906.

In 1911, Bullock married his first wife, Elsa Gye, who was a dedicated suffragette.[4] Bullock studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and in 1912 graduated there MBChB. In 1913 he received his Doctor of Medicine qualification from the university, and won a gold medal for his medical thesis.[5] He also won the Ellis Prize in Physiology for his essay, “The chemistry of nerve degeneration.”[6]

In 1913, he joined the staff of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund,[2] which at that time was under the direction of Ernest Francis Bashford.[7] When World War I started, Bullock joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and served in France and then Italy in charge of a field ambulance unit.[8] He was reassigned to London as a hospital pathologist and worked with William Cramer on gas gangrene.[9]

After demobilization with the rank of captain, he joined the National Institute for Medical Research at Hampstead, where he worked with Edgar Hartley Kettle on silicosis.[10] In June 1919,[11] William Bullock's wife retook her maiden name, and William Ewart Bullock changed his surname to "Gye",[4] perhaps because he wanted to please his wife[4] and perhaps because he was irritated by having to often explain that he was not the bacteriologist William Bulloch — there is a theory that the name change was in gratitude to a benefactor (not Bullock's wife or father-in-law).[12]

With W. J. Purdy, Gye conducted experiments confirming Peyton Rous's claims concerning the Rous sarcoma virus.[13] Gye was the director of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund's laboratories at Mill Hill from 1934 to 1949, when he resigned due to ill health. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1938 and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1940.[citation needed]

Gye's and his first wife, Elsa, had three sons together. She died of cancer in 1943. On 30 December 1944,[14] Gye married ophthalmologist Ida Mann (later Dame Ida Mann) and, in 1949, they moved to Perth, Western Australia.[8]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Inspiring Physicians | RCP Museum – William Ewart Gye, Munks Roll Details, Lives of the fellows, Royal College of Physicians". munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b Andrewes CH (1953). "William Ewart Gye. 1884-1952". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 8 (22): 418–430. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1953.0008. S2CID 162165139.
  3. ^ Craigie, J. (1952). "Dr. W. E. Gye". Nature. 170 (4333): 825. Bibcode:1952Natur.170..825C. doi:10.1038/170825a0. PMID 13013220.
  4. ^ a b c Crawford, Elizabeth (2003). "Gye, Elsa (1881–1943)". The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866–1928. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 9780415239264.
  5. ^ Bullock, W. E. (1913). "A contribution to the chemical pathology of the lipoids". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Bullock, W. E. (1913). "The chemistry of nerve degeneration". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Hayward, J. A. (8 September 1923). "Obituary. Ernest Francis Bashford, O.B.E., M.D." British Medical Journal. 2 (3271): 440–441. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3271.440-a. PMC 2316986.
  8. ^ a b "W. E. Gye. M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S". British Medical Journal. 2 (4790): 945–946. 25 October 1952. PMC 2021835. PMID 12978397.
  9. ^ Bullock WE; Cramer W (1919). "On a new factor in the mechanism of bacterial infection". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character. 90 (633): 513–529. Bibcode:1919RSPSB..90..513B. doi:10.1098/rspb.1919.0009. JSTOR 80697.
  10. ^ Gye WE; Kettle EH (1922). "Silicosis and miners' phthisis". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 3 (5): 241–251. PMC 2047740.
  11. ^ "William Ewart Gye" (PDF). The London Gazette. 15 July 1919. p. 9054.
  12. ^ Vischer, Peter (October 1925). "A Romance of the Microscope". Popular Science: 13–14. This story by Peter Vischer alleges that Bullock changed his surname to "Gye" before 1919, but this allegation is false.
  13. ^ Gye WE.; Purdy WJ (1930). "Rous Sarcoma No. 1: Influence of Mode of Extraction on the Potency of Filtrates". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 11 (3): 211–216. PMC 2048160.
  14. ^ "Biography - Dame Ida Caroline Mann – Australian Dictionary of Biography". adb.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
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