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{{Short description|Architectural standards in New Zealand}}
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'''New Zealand standard school buildings''' were largely developed and built in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Following the Second World War, more schools and classrooms were needed to address the pre-existing shortage and to handle the increasing school population with the subsequent [[Mid-twentieth century baby boom|baby boom]]. Using standard designs allowed the demand to be met while reducing construction time and costs.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia1&quot;">{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/22832|title=Primary Schools|last=McLintock|first=Alexander Hare|last2=Alan Peter Garnock-Jones|first2=DIP ARCH(LIV )|website=An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966.|language=en|access-date=2019-07-18|last3=Taonga|first3=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu}}</ref>
{{Use New Zealand English|date=April 2024}}
⚫
'''New Zealand standard school buildings''' were largely developed and built in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Following the Second World War, more schools and classrooms were needed to address the pre-existing shortage and to handle the increasing school population with the subsequent [[Mid-twentieth century baby boom|baby boom]]. Using standard designs allowed the demand to be met while reducing construction time and costs.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia1">{{Cite web|last=Garnock-Jones|first=Alan Peter|year=1966|editor-last=McLintock|editor-first=Alexander Hare|title=Primary Schools|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/architecture-school-buildings|access-date=2021-03-29|website=An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966.|publisher=Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|language=en}}</ref>


==Primary school designs==
==Primary school designs==
For the most part, primary school designs varied between education boards.<ref name=1966Encyclopaedia1" />
For the most part, primary school designs varied between education boards.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia1" />


Designs included:
Designs included:
*Avalon<ref name="Aurecon">{{cite web |first= John |last= Finnegan |title= Furthering the Understanding of Seismic Resilience in the Ministry of Education Buildings |url= https://www.constructing.co.nz/uploads/events/257/MoE%20CCG%20Adapting%20to%20Constructions%20Changing%20Agenda.pdf |date= 18 November 2015 |accessdate= 18 July 2019}}</ref>
*Avalon<ref name="Aurecon">{{cite web |first= John |last= Finnegan |title= Furthering the Understanding of Seismic Resilience in the Ministry of Education Buildings |url= https://www.constructing.co.nz/uploads/events/257/MoE%20CCG%20Adapting%20to%20Constructions%20Changing%20Agenda.pdf |date= 18 November 2015 |access-date= 18 July 2019}}</ref>
*Canterbury Open-Air Veranda<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|last=Williams|first=Murray Noel|title=Building Yesterday's Schools: An Analysis of Educational Architectural Design as Practised by the Building Department of the Canterbury Education Board from 1916-1989|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9591|year=2014|publisher=University of Canterbury|access-date=20 July 2019|oclc=889975505|date=|degree=|doi=}}</ref>
*Canterbury Open-Air Veranda<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite thesis|last=Williams|first=Murray Noel|title=Building Yesterday's Schools: An Analysis of Educational Architectural Design as Practised by the Building Department of the Canterbury Education Board from 1916-1989|year=2014|publisher=University of Canterbury|oclc=889975505|hdl=10092/9591}}</ref>
*Canterbury "White Lines"<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Canterbury "White Lines"<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Canterbury Education Board Unit System (CEBUS)<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Canterbury Education Board Unit System (CEBUS)<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Canterbury Open-Plan<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Canterbury Open-Plan<ref name="Catalogue" /><ref name=":0" />
*Dominion Basic<ref name=1966Encyclopaedia1" /><ref name="Catalogue" />
*Dominion Basic<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia1" /><ref name="Catalogue" />
*Formula<ref name="Aurecon"/>
*Formula<ref name="Aurecon"/>


==Secondary school designs==
==Secondary school designs==
[[File:Building new schools 1950s.webm|thumb|National Film Unit documentary about building new schools in 1957.]]
In contrast to primary schools, secondary school designs were standardised nationally.
In contrast to primary schools, secondary school designs were standardised nationally.
[[File:Mana College, Porirua GA7435 (1958) (46438867185).jpg|thumb|[[Mana College]], a Nelson Single-Storey school, in 1968]]
[[File:Mana College, Porirua GA7435 (1958) (46438867185).jpg|thumb|[[Mana College]], a Nelson Single-Storey school, in 1968]]


===Nelson Single-Storey===
===Nelson Single-Storey===
The Nelson Single-Storey is characterised by its single-storey H-shaped classroom blocks with a large toilet and cloak area on one side.<ref name="Catalogue">{{cite web|url=https://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Primary-Secondary/Property/Fixing-issues/Earthquake-resilience/Catalogue-of-Standard-Building-Types-EQR.pdf|title=Catalogue of Standard School Building Types|last=|first=|date=August 2013|website=|publisher=Ministry of Education|archive-url=http://docplayer.net/22629632-Ministry-of-education-catalogue-of-standard-school-building-types.html|archive-date=2017|dead-url=|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref><sup>:31–33</sup>
The Nelson Single-Storey is characterised by its single-storey H-shaped classroom blocks with a large toilet and cloak area on one side.<ref name="Catalogue">{{cite web|url=https://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Primary-Secondary/Property/Fixing-issues/Earthquake-resilience/Catalogue-of-Standard-Building-Types-EQR.pdf|title=Catalogue of Standard School Building Types|date=August 2013|publisher=Ministry of Education |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216085739/http://www.education.govt.nz/assets/Documents/Primary-Secondary/Property/Fixing-issues/Earthquake-resilience/Catalogue-of-Standard-Building-Types-EQR.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2016 |access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref><sup>:31–33</sup>


Studies conducted in 1954 saw the move to separate self-contained blocks in secondary schools. The use of blocks eliminated the need for corridors and the savings in cost allowed enabled assembly halls to be constructed. The result was the Nelson Single-Storey school and the first schools of the type opened in 1957.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia4">{{cite web |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/architecture-school-buildings/page-4 |title= Modern Planning -- 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |publisher= Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate= 18 July 2019}}</ref>
Studies conducted in 1954 saw the move to separate self-contained blocks in secondary schools. The use of blocks eliminated the need for corridors and the savings in cost allowed enabled assembly halls to be constructed. The result was the Nelson Single-Storey school and the first schools of the type opened in 1957.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia4">{{cite web |url= http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/architecture-school-buildings/page-4 |title= Modern Planning -- 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |publisher= Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |access-date= 18 July 2019}}</ref>


Schools built to the Nelson Single-Storey plan include:
Schools built to the Nelson Single-Storey plan include:
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The Nelson Two-Storey is a development on the Nelson Single-Storey design and is characterised by its two-storey H-shaped classroom blocks, with stairwells at each end and a large ground-floor toilet and cloak area on one side.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia4" /><ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:115–118</sup> The first Nelson Two-Storey schools opened in 1960, with the last schools opening in 1970.
The Nelson Two-Storey is a development on the Nelson Single-Storey design and is characterised by its two-storey H-shaped classroom blocks, with stairwells at each end and a large ground-floor toilet and cloak area on one side.<ref name="1966Encyclopaedia4" /><ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:115–118</sup> The first Nelson Two-Storey schools opened in 1960, with the last schools opening in 1970.


There is also a T-shaped half version of the Nelson Two-Storey block. Often these were built as the first stage of a full block, but in some cases the second half was never built.<ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:115–118</sup> Examples of the half-block exist at [[Mairehau High School]] in Christchurch, and Central Southland College in [[Winton, New Zealand|Winton]].
There is also a T-shaped half version of the Nelson Two-Storey block. Often these were built as the first stage of a full block, but in some cases the second half was never built.<ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:115–118</sup> Examples of the half-block exist at [[Western Heights High School]] in [[Rotorua]], and Central Southland College in [[Winton, New Zealand|Winton]].


Schools built to the Nelson Two-Storey plan include:
Schools built to the Nelson Two-Storey plan include:
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* [[Tararua College]], Pahiatua
* [[Tararua College]], Pahiatua
* [[Tawa College]], Wellington
* [[Tawa College]], Wellington
* [[Tokoroa High School]], Tokoroa
* [[Upper Hutt College]], Upper Hutt
* [[Upper Hutt College]], Upper Hutt
* [[Western Heights High School]], Rotorua
* [[Western Heights High School]], Rotorua
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[[File:Rotorua Lake High School (28499629861).jpg|thumb|The internal courtyard of an S68 block at [[Rotorua Lakes High School]], 1974.]]
[[File:Rotorua Lake High School (28499629861).jpg|thumb|The internal courtyard of an S68 block at [[Rotorua Lakes High School]], 1974.]]
The S68 is characterised by its single-storey classroom blocks of cinderblock or masonry construction, featuring low-pitched roofs and internal open courtyards.<ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:43–46</sup>
The S68 is characterised by its single-storey classroom blocks of cinderblock or masonry construction, featuring low-pitched roofs and internal open courtyards.<ref name="Catalogue" /><sup>:43–46</sup>

The low-pitched roofs, skylight windows and internal gutters and downpipes are prone to rusting and leaking, causing problems for many schools.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Marika |date=2010-07-05 |title=Leaking roofs hit region's schools |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/manawatu-standard/3885674/Leaking-roofs-hit-regions-schools |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=Stuff |language=en}}</ref>


The prototype S68 school was [[Porirua College]], opened in 1968. The first standard S68 schools opened in 1971, with the last schools opening around 1978.
The prototype S68 school was [[Porirua College]], opened in 1968. The first standard S68 schools opened in 1971, with the last schools opening around 1978.
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* [[Bream Bay College]], Ruakaka
* [[Bream Bay College]], Ruakaka
* [[Forest View High School, Tokoroa|Forest View High School]], Tokoroa
* [[Forest View High School, Tokoroa|Forest View High School]], Tokoroa
* [[Green Bay High School]], Auckland
* [[Green Bay High School, Auckland|Green Bay High School]], Auckland
* [[Havelock North High School]], Havelock North
* [[Havelock North High School]], Havelock North
* [[Hawera High School]], Hawera
* [[Hawera High School]], Hawera
Line 117: Line 123:
*[[Light Timber Construction schools]] in Victoria, Australia
*[[Light Timber Construction schools]] in Victoria, Australia


[[Category:Schools in New Zealand]]
[[Category:Lists of schools in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1950s architecture in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1950s architecture in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1960s architecture in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1960s architecture in New Zealand]]

Latest revision as of 05:24, 14 April 2024

New Zealand standard school buildings were largely developed and built in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Following the Second World War, more schools and classrooms were needed to address the pre-existing shortage and to handle the increasing school population with the subsequent baby boom. Using standard designs allowed the demand to be met while reducing construction time and costs.[1]

Primary school designs

[edit]

For the most part, primary school designs varied between education boards.[1]

Designs included:

  • Avalon[2]
  • Canterbury Open-Air Veranda[3][4]
  • Canterbury "White Lines"[3][4]
  • Canterbury Education Board Unit System (CEBUS)[3][4]
  • Canterbury Open-Plan[3][4]
  • Dominion Basic[1][3]
  • Formula[2]

Secondary school designs

[edit]
National Film Unit documentary about building new schools in 1957.

In contrast to primary schools, secondary school designs were standardised nationally.

Mana College, a Nelson Single-Storey school, in 1968

Nelson Single-Storey

[edit]

The Nelson Single-Storey is characterised by its single-storey H-shaped classroom blocks with a large toilet and cloak area on one side.[3]:31–33

Studies conducted in 1954 saw the move to separate self-contained blocks in secondary schools. The use of blocks eliminated the need for corridors and the savings in cost allowed enabled assembly halls to be constructed. The result was the Nelson Single-Storey school and the first schools of the type opened in 1957.[5]

Schools built to the Nelson Single-Storey plan include:

Nelson Two-Storey

[edit]
A Nelson Two-Storey Block under construction at Mairehau High School in July 1960.
Makora (now Makoura) College, a Nelson Two-Story school, in 1969.

The Nelson Two-Storey is a development on the Nelson Single-Storey design and is characterised by its two-storey H-shaped classroom blocks, with stairwells at each end and a large ground-floor toilet and cloak area on one side.[5][3]:115–118 The first Nelson Two-Storey schools opened in 1960, with the last schools opening in 1970.

There is also a T-shaped half version of the Nelson Two-Storey block. Often these were built as the first stage of a full block, but in some cases the second half was never built.[3]:115–118 Examples of the half-block exist at Western Heights High School in Rotorua, and Central Southland College in Winton.

Schools built to the Nelson Two-Storey plan include:

S68

[edit]
The internal courtyard of an S68 block at Rotorua Lakes High School, 1974.

The S68 is characterised by its single-storey classroom blocks of cinderblock or masonry construction, featuring low-pitched roofs and internal open courtyards.[3]:43–46

The low-pitched roofs, skylight windows and internal gutters and downpipes are prone to rusting and leaking, causing problems for many schools.[6]

The prototype S68 school was Porirua College, opened in 1968. The first standard S68 schools opened in 1971, with the last schools opening around 1978.

Schools built to the S68 plan include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Garnock-Jones, Alan Peter (1966). McLintock, Alexander Hare (ed.). "Primary Schools". An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
  2. ^ a b Finnegan, John (18 November 2015). "Furthering the Understanding of Seismic Resilience in the Ministry of Education Buildings" (PDF). Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Catalogue of Standard School Building Types" (PDF). Ministry of Education. August 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Williams, Murray Noel (2014). Building Yesterday's Schools: An Analysis of Educational Architectural Design as Practised by the Building Department of the Canterbury Education Board from 1916-1989 (Thesis). University of Canterbury. hdl:10092/9591. OCLC 889975505.
  5. ^ a b "Modern Planning -- 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  6. ^ Hill, Marika (2010-07-05). "Leaking roofs hit region's schools". Stuff. Retrieved 2023-05-04.

See also

[edit]
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