NASA Authorization Act of 2014: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|US House bill on aerospace science}} |
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{{Infobox United States federal proposed legislation |
{{Infobox United States federal proposed legislation |
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| name = |
| name = NASA Authorization Act of 2014 |
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| fullname = To authorize the programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and for other purposes. |
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| acronym = |
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| nickname = |
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| introduced in the = 113th |
| introduced in the = 113th |
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| sponsored by = [[Steven Palazzo|Rep. Steven M. Palazzo (R, MS-4)]] |
| sponsored by = [[Steven Palazzo|Rep. Steven M. Palazzo (R, MS-4)]] |
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The ''' |
The '''NASA Authorization Act of 2014''' ({{USBill|113|hr|4412}}) is a bill that would [[authorization bill|authorize]] the [[appropriations bill (United States)|appropriation]] of $17.6 billion in fiscal year 2014 to the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA).<ref name="4412sum"/><ref name="cbo4412"/> NASA would use the funding for human exploration of space, the [[Space Launch System]], the [[Orion spacecraft]], the [[Commercial Crew Program]], the [[International Space Station]] (ISS), and various technological and educational projects.<ref name="4412sum"/><ref name=HillNASAreauth>{{cite news|last1=Marcos|first1=Cristina|title=House passes NASA reauthorization|url=https://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/house/208739-house-passes-nasa-reauthorization/|access-date=10 June 2014|work=The Hill|date=9 June 2014}}</ref> |
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The bill was introduced and passed in the [[United States House of Representatives]] during the [[113th United States Congress]]. |
The bill was introduced and passed in the [[United States House of Representatives]] during the [[113th United States Congress]]. |
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NASA is the agency of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] that is responsible for the nation's civilian [[list of space agencies|space program]] and for [[aeronautics]] and [[aerospace]] research. |
NASA is the agency of the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] that is responsible for the nation's civilian [[list of space agencies|space program]] and for [[aeronautics]] and [[aerospace]] research. |
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[[President of the United States|President]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958<ref name="DDE">{{cite web |url=http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/#/news?nid=244 |title=Ike in History: Eisenhower Creates NASA |accessdate=November 27, 2013 |author= |publisher=Eisenhower Memorial |year=2013}}</ref> with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.<ref name="act1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/about/space_act1.html |title=The National Aeronautics and Space Act |accessdate=August 29, 2007 |author= |publisher=NASA |year=2005}}</ref><ref name="NacaNASA">{{cite book |last= Bilstein |first= Roger E. |title= NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles |chapter= From NACA to NASA |url= |
[[President of the United States|President]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958<ref name="DDE">{{cite web |url=http://www.eisenhowermemorial.org/#/news?nid=244 |title=Ike in History: Eisenhower Creates NASA |accessdate=November 27, 2013 |author= |publisher=Eisenhower Memorial |year=2013}}</ref> with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.<ref name="act1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ogc/about/space_act1.html |title=The National Aeronautics and Space Act |accessdate=August 29, 2007 |author= |publisher=[[NASA]] |year=2005}}</ref><ref name="NacaNASA">{{cite book |last= Bilstein |first= Roger E. |title= NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles |chapter= From NACA to NASA |url= https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4206/ch2.htm#32 |year= 1996 |publisher= NASA |isbn= 978-0-16-004259-1 |pages= 32–33 |accessdate= May 6, 2013}}</ref> Since that time, most U.S. space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the [[Apollo program|Apollo]] [[Moon landing]] missions, the [[Skylab]] space station, and later the [[Space Shuttle]]. Currently, NASA is supporting the [[International Space Station]] and is overseeing the development of the [[Orion spacecraft]], the [[Space Launch System]] and [[Commercial Crew Development|Commercial Crew]] vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the [[Launch Services Program]] (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches. |
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NASA science is focused on better understanding Earth through the [[Earth Observing System]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earth-science|title=Earth—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=June 30, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> advancing [[heliophysics]] through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/heliophysics|title=Heliophysics—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=January 8, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> exploring bodies throughout the [[Solar System]] with advanced robotic missions such as ''[[New Horizons]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/planetary-science|title=Planets—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=January 8, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> and researching [[astrophysics]] topics, such as the [[Big Bang]], through the [[Great Observatories program|Great Observatories]] and associated programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics|title=Astrophysics—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=July 13, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009}}</ref> NASA shares data with various national and international organizations such as from the [[Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite]]. |
NASA science is focused on better understanding Earth through the [[Earth Observing System]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earth-science|title=Earth—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=June 30, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716013403/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/earth-science|archivedate=July 16, 2009}}</ref> advancing [[heliophysics]] through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/heliophysics|title=Heliophysics—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=January 8, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716023622/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/heliophysics|archivedate=July 16, 2009}}</ref> exploring bodies throughout the [[Solar System]] with advanced robotic missions such as ''[[New Horizons]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/planetary-science|title=Planets—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=January 8, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620125618/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/planetary-science|archive-date=June 20, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> and researching [[astrophysics]] topics, such as the [[Big Bang]], through the [[Great Observatories program|Great Observatories]] and associated programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics|title=Astrophysics—NASA Science|first=Ruth|last=Netting|date=July 13, 2009|accessdate=July 15, 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716013614/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics|archivedate=July 16, 2009}}</ref> NASA shares data with various national and international organizations such as from the [[Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite]]. |
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==Provisions of the bill== |
==Provisions of the bill== |
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''This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the [[Congressional Research Service]], a [[public domain]] source.''<ref name=4412sum>{{cite web|title=H.R. 4412 - Summary|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4412|publisher=United States Congress|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> |
''This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the [[Congressional Research Service]], a [[public domain]] source.''<ref name=4412sum>{{cite web|title=H.R. 4412 - Summary|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/4412|publisher=[[United States Congress]]|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> |
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The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 would [[authorization bill|authorize]] [[appropriations bill (United States)|appropriations]] for FY2014 for the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA).<ref name="4412sum"/> |
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 would [[authorization bill|authorize]] [[appropriations bill (United States)|appropriations]] for FY2014 for the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA).<ref name="4412sum"/> |
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The bill would authorize programs, activities, and reports respecting NASA, including those with regard to human exploration of space, the [[Space Launch System]], the [[Orion |
The bill would authorize programs, activities, and reports respecting NASA, including those with regard to human exploration of space, the [[Space Launch System]], the [[Orion spacecraft]], the [[Commercial Crew Program]], the [[International Space Station]] (ISS), [[radioisotope thermoelectric generators]], [[Planet#extrasolar planet definition|extrasolar planet]] exploration, the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], the [[Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope|Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope]], [[Near-Earth objects]], [[space weather]], the [[Deep Space Climate Observatory]], land imaging remote sensing data, [[aeronautics]] research, [[science]], [[technology]], [[engineering]], and [[mathematics]] ([[STEM education|STEM]]) education, project and program reserves, and [[space debris|orbital debris]] mitigation.<ref name="4412sum"/> |
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The bill would reaffirm the importance of the [[Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel]].<ref name="4412sum"/> |
The bill would reaffirm the importance of the [[Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel]].<ref name="4412sum"/> |
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==Congressional Budget Office report== |
==Congressional Budget Office report== |
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''This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the [[Congressional Budget Office]], as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on April 29, 2014. This is a [[public domain]] source.''<ref name=cbo4412>{{cite web|title=CBO - H.R. 4412|url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45376|publisher=Congressional Budget Office|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> |
''This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the [[Congressional Budget Office]], as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on April 29, 2014. This is a [[public domain]] source.''<ref name=cbo4412>{{cite web|title=CBO - H.R. 4412|date=15 May 2014 |url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45376|publisher=Congressional Budget Office|accessdate=9 June 2014}}</ref> |
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H.R. 4412 would authorize the appropriation of about $17.6 billion for 2014 for activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The amount appropriated to NASA for 2014 is also about $17.6 billion. For the purpose of this estimate, the [[Congressional Budget Office]] (CBO) assumes that no further appropriations will be provided to NASA for fiscal year 2014 and we therefore estimate that no additional discretionary costs would result from enacting H.R. 4412.<ref name="cbo4412"/> |
H.R. 4412 would authorize the appropriation of about $17.6 billion for 2014 for activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The amount appropriated to NASA for 2014 is also about $17.6 billion. For the purpose of this estimate, the [[Congressional Budget Office]] (CBO) assumes that no further appropriations will be provided to NASA for fiscal year 2014 and we therefore estimate that no additional discretionary costs would result from enacting H.R. 4412.<ref name="cbo4412"/> |
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==Debate and discussion== |
==Debate and discussion== |
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Rep. [[Lamar Smith]] (R-TX), the Chairman of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, supported the bill, saying that "this bill provides the necessary funds to push us into the Cosmos and beyond."<ref name="HillNASAreauth"/> |
Rep. [[Lamar S. Smith|Lamar Smith]] (R-TX), the Chairman of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, supported the bill, saying that "this bill provides the necessary funds to push us into the Cosmos and beyond."<ref name="HillNASAreauth"/> |
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Rep. [[Steven Palazzo]], who introduced the bill, said that "American leadership in space depends on our ability to put people and sound policy ahead of politics."<ref name="HillNASAreauth"/> |
Rep. [[Steven Palazzo]] (R-MS), who introduced the bill, said that "American leadership in space depends on our ability to put people and sound policy ahead of politics."<ref name="HillNASAreauth"/> |
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Rep. [[Eddie Bernice Johnson]] (D-TX) praised the bipartisan nature of the bill, arguing that it had been significantly improved over earlier partisan drafts from 2013.<ref name=spacepolFoust>{{cite news|last1=Foust|first1=Jeff|title=House approves NASA authorization bill|url=http://www.spacepolitics.com/2014/06/10/house-approves-nasa-authorization-bill-2/|accessdate=10 June 2014|publisher=Space Politics|date=10 June 2014}}</ref> |
Rep. [[Eddie Bernice Johnson]] (D-TX) praised the bipartisan nature of the bill, arguing that it had been significantly improved over earlier partisan drafts from 2013.<ref name=spacepolFoust>{{cite news|last1=Foust|first1=Jeff|title=House approves NASA authorization bill|url=http://www.spacepolitics.com/2014/06/10/house-approves-nasa-authorization-bill-2/|accessdate=10 June 2014|publisher=Space Politics|date=10 June 2014}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[List of bills in the 113th United States Congress]] |
*[[List of bills in the 113th United States Congress]] |
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*[[CHIPS and Science Act]], the latest NASA authorizations bill, passed in 2022 |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4412 GovTrack.us H.R. 4412] |
*[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4412 GovTrack.us H.R. 4412] |
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*[http://www.opencongress.org/bill/hr4412-113/show OpenCongress.org H.R. 4412] |
*[http://www.opencongress.org/bill/hr4412-113/show OpenCongress.org H.R. 4412] |
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*[http://www.washingtonwatch.com/bills/show/113_HR_4412.html WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4412] |
*[http://www.washingtonwatch.com/bills/show/113_HR_4412.html WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4412]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |
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*[http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45376 Congressional Budget Office report on H.R. 4412] |
*[http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45376 Congressional Budget Office report on H.R. 4412] |
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{{US government sources}} |
{{US government sources}} |
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{{NASA navbox}} |
{{NASA navbox}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4412 113th Congress)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4412 113th Congress)}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Proposed legislation of the 113th United States Congress]] |
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[[Category:113th United States Congress]] |
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[[Category:NASA oversight]] |
[[Category:NASA oversight]] |
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[[Category:NASA]] |
[[Category:NASA]] |
Latest revision as of 05:53, 16 April 2024
The NASA Authorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4412) is a bill that would authorize the appropriation of $17.6 billion in fiscal year 2014 to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).[1][2] NASA would use the funding for human exploration of space, the Space Launch System, the Orion spacecraft, the Commercial Crew Program, the International Space Station (ISS), and various technological and educational projects.[1][3]
The bill was introduced and passed in the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.
Background
[edit]NASA is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958[4] with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.[5][6] Since that time, most U.S. space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion spacecraft, the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
NASA science is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System,[7] advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program,[8] exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic missions such as New Horizons,[9] and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the Great Observatories and associated programs.[10] NASA shares data with various national and international organizations such as from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite.
Provisions of the bill
[edit]This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.[1]
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 would authorize appropriations for FY2014 for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).[1]
The bill would authorize programs, activities, and reports respecting NASA, including those with regard to human exploration of space, the Space Launch System, the Orion spacecraft, the Commercial Crew Program, the International Space Station (ISS), radioisotope thermoelectric generators, extrasolar planet exploration, the James Webb Space Telescope, the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope, Near-Earth objects, space weather, the Deep Space Climate Observatory, land imaging remote sensing data, aeronautics research, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, project and program reserves, and orbital debris mitigation.[1]
The bill would reaffirm the importance of the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel.[1]
The bill would direct the NASA Administrator to utilize the International Space Station and commercial services for Science Mission Directorate and Space Technology Demonstration missions in low-Earth orbit wherever it is practical and cost effective to do so.[1]
The bill would establish a space technology program.[1]
The bill would direct the Administrator to: (1) enter into an arrangement with the National Academies for a review of the National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program, and (2) revise the NASA Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to address the detection and avoidance of counterfeit electronic parts.[1]
Funding details
[edit]- $3 billion is authorized to be spent on the International Space Station.[3]
- $658 million is authorized to be spent on the James Webb Space Telescope.[3]
Congressional Budget Office report
[edit]This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on April 29, 2014. This is a public domain source.[2]
H.R. 4412 would authorize the appropriation of about $17.6 billion for 2014 for activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The amount appropriated to NASA for 2014 is also about $17.6 billion. For the purpose of this estimate, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) assumes that no further appropriations will be provided to NASA for fiscal year 2014 and we therefore estimate that no additional discretionary costs would result from enacting H.R. 4412.[2]
The CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 4412 would increase direct spending by adding about $600 million over the 2015-2024 period to outlays for certain NASA contracts. Because the legislation would increase direct spending, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. Enacting the legislation would not affect revenues.[2]
H.R. 4412 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.[2]
Procedural history
[edit]The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on April 7, 2014 by Rep. Steven M. Palazzo (R, MS-4).[11] It was referred to the United States House Committee on Science, Space and Technology and the United States House Science Subcommittee on Space. On June 5, 2014 it was reported (amended) alongside Report 113-470. The House voted on June 9, 2014 in Roll Call vote 272 to pass the bill 401-2.[11]
Debate and discussion
[edit]Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX), the Chairman of the House Science, Space and Technology Committee, supported the bill, saying that "this bill provides the necessary funds to push us into the Cosmos and beyond."[3]
Rep. Steven Palazzo (R-MS), who introduced the bill, said that "American leadership in space depends on our ability to put people and sound policy ahead of politics."[3]
Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) praised the bipartisan nature of the bill, arguing that it had been significantly improved over earlier partisan drafts from 2013.[12]
The bill included a provision that stops NASA from spending any money on the Asteroid Redirect Mission, instead requiring NASA to report to Congress about expected costs and schedule for that mission.[12]
See also
[edit]- List of bills in the 113th United States Congress
- CHIPS and Science Act, the latest NASA authorizations bill, passed in 2022
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i "H.R. 4412 - Summary". United States Congress. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "CBO - H.R. 4412". Congressional Budget Office. 15 May 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
- ^ a b c d e Marcos, Cristina (9 June 2014). "House passes NASA reauthorization". The Hill. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
- ^ "Ike in History: Eisenhower Creates NASA". Eisenhower Memorial. 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
- ^ "The National Aeronautics and Space Act". NASA. 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2007.
- ^ Bilstein, Roger E. (1996). "From NACA to NASA". NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles. NASA. pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-16-004259-1. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ^ Netting, Ruth (June 30, 2009). "Earth—NASA Science". Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ Netting, Ruth (January 8, 2009). "Heliophysics—NASA Science". Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ Netting, Ruth (January 8, 2009). "Planets—NASA Science". Archived from the original on June 20, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ Netting, Ruth (July 13, 2009). "Astrophysics—NASA Science". Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2009.
- ^ a b "H.R. 4412 - All Actions". United States Congress. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
- ^ a b Foust, Jeff (10 June 2014). "House approves NASA authorization bill". Space Politics. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
External links
[edit]- Library of Congress - Thomas H.R. 4412
- beta.congress.gov H.R. 4412
- GovTrack.us H.R. 4412
- OpenCongress.org H.R. 4412
- WashingtonWatch.com H.R. 4412[permanent dead link ]
- Congressional Budget Office report on H.R. 4412
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.