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{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn|author=Linzey, A.V.|author2=Hammerson, G. (NatureServe)|name-list-style=amp|year=2008|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42652/0/0|title=''Peromyscus attwateri''|access-date=18 August 2009|ref=harv}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn|author=Linzey, A.V.|author2=Hammerson, G. (NatureServe)|name-list-style=amp|year=2008|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/42652/0/0|title=''Peromyscus attwateri''|access-date=18 August 2009}} Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.</ref>
| genus = Peromyscus
| genus = Peromyscus
| species = attwateri
| species = attwateri
Line 9: Line 10:
}}
}}


The '''Texas mouse''' (''Peromyscus attwateri'') is a species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Cricetidae]].
The '''Texas mouse''' ('''''Peromyscus attwateri''''') is a species of [[rodent]] in the family [[Cricetidae]]. It is found in [[Arkansas]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Texas]] in the United States.<ref name=iucn/> This species is named in honor of [[Henry Philemon Attwater]].
It is found in [[Arkansas]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]] in the [[United States]].<ref name=iucn/>

This species is named in honor of [[Henry Philemon Attwater]].


==Description==
==Description==
The Texas mouse is considered medium-sized for its [[genus]]. It has long tail, bicolored, upper tail has brownish, and lower tail has brownish white with well haired. Also slightly tufted at the end; large hind feet. It has usually dark or dusky ankles, and the ear is medium-sized. Color of dorsal is dark mixed with brown and blackish hairs, and side color is pinkish cinnamon, and belly and feet have pure white color.<ref name="David">{{cite journal|last1=Schmidly|first1=David James|title=Peromyscus attwateri|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1 January 1974|issue=48|pages=1–3|doi=10.2307/3504046|jstor=3504046}}</ref> The mouse morphological adapted to have long tail as balancing when they climb vertical surface, and large eye as activating in darkness.<ref name="David" />
The Texas mouse is considered medium-sized for its [[genus]]. Its long, bicolored tail has brownish fur, and the tail is brownish white and well haired, and slightly tufted at the end; it has large hind feet. It has usually dark or dusky ankles, and the ear is medium-sized. Color of the dorsum is dark mixed with brown and blackish hairs, and its side color is pinkish cinnamon, and the belly and feet have a pure white color.<ref name="David">{{cite journal|last1=Schmidly|first1=David James|title=Peromyscus attwateri|journal=Mammalian Species|date=1 January 1974|issue=48|pages=1–3|doi=10.2307/3504046|jstor=3504046|doi-access=free}}</ref> The mouse is morphological adapted to have a long tail, for balancing when climbing a vertical surface, and large eyes adapted to activity in darkness.<ref name="David" />


Adult Peromyscus attwateri's total length is usually about 182 to 220&nbsp;mm with weight 25-35 grams. The tail is about 83-104mm, ear length is about 18–20&nbsp;mm, and length of hind foot is about 24–27&nbsp;mm.<ref name="David" /> Texas mouse found in [[Missouri]]. The specimen is a male measuring 171&nbsp;mm of total length, 89&nbsp;mm of tail, 23&nbsp;mm of hind foot, and 19&nbsp;mm of ear by Dr. Hershel W.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pitts|first1=Richard M.|title=New County Record in Missouri for the Texas Mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)|journal=Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science|date=1 January 1987|volume=90|issue=3/4|pages=157|doi=10.2307/3627799|jstor=3627799}}</ref> Morphological size variation in Texas mouse appears related with assemblage of physiologic and ecologic factors.<ref name="variation">{{cite journal|last1=Sugg|first1=Derrick W.|last2=Kennedy|first2=Michael L.|last3=Heidt|first3=Gary A.|title=Morphologic Variation in the Texas Mouse, Persomyscus attwateri|journal=The Southwestern Naturalist|date=1 January 1990|volume=35|issue=2|pages=163–172|doi=10.2307/3671538|jstor=3671538}}</ref><ref name="assessment">{{cite journal|last1=Sugg|first1=Derrick W.|last2=Chesser|first2=Ronald K.|last3=Long|first3=Jeffrey C.|title=Assessment of Genetic Information in Morphometric Traits: Geographic Patterns and Evolutionary Interpretation|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1 January 1997|volume=78|issue=2|pages=405–416|doi=10.2307/1382894|jstor=1382894|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Adult Peromyscus attwateri's total length is usually about 182 to 220&nbsp;mm with weight 25-35 grams. The tail is about 83-104mm, ear length is about 18–20&nbsp;mm, and length of hind foot is about 24–27&nbsp;mm.<ref name="David" /> Texas mouse found in [[Missouri]]. The specimen is a male measuring 171&nbsp;mm of total length, 89&nbsp;mm of tail, 23&nbsp;mm of hind foot, and 19&nbsp;mm of ear by Dr. Hershel W.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pitts|first1=Richard M.|title=New County Record in Missouri for the Texas Mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)|journal=Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science|date=1 January 1987|volume=90|issue=3/4|pages=157|doi=10.2307/3627799|jstor=3627799}}</ref> Morphological size variation in Texas mouse appears related with assemblage of physiologic and ecologic factors.<ref name="variation">{{cite journal|last1=Sugg|first1=Derrick W.|last2=Kennedy|first2=Michael L.|last3=Heidt|first3=Gary A.|title=Morphologic Variation in the Texas Mouse, Persomyscus attwateri|journal=The Southwestern Naturalist|date=1 January 1990|volume=35|issue=2|pages=163–172|doi=10.2307/3671538|jstor=3671538}}</ref><ref name="assessment">{{cite journal|last1=Sugg|first1=Derrick W.|last2=Chesser|first2=Ronald K.|last3=Long|first3=Jeffrey C.|title=Assessment of Genetic Information in Morphometric Traits: Geographic Patterns and Evolutionary Interpretation|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1 January 1997|volume=78|issue=2|pages=405–416|doi=10.2307/1382894|jstor=1382894|doi-access=free}}</ref>


Their skull is large length in 27.6 to 30.4&nbsp;mm, and they have wide and not rounded braincase. Also, they have large pterygoid fossa, medium auditory bullae that larger than in P. maniculatus and P. leucopus but smaller than in P. true.<ref name="David" />
Their skull is large length in 27.6 to 30.4&nbsp;mm, and they have wide and not rounded braincase. They have large pterygoid fossa, medium auditory bullae that larger than in P. maniculatus and P. leucopus but smaller than in P. truei.<ref name="David" />


==Ecology==
==Ecology==


===Range and Habitat===
===Range and habitat===


Texas mouse, Peromyscus attwateri, is found in western [[Arkansas]], southeastern [[Kansas]], southern [[Missouri]], south-central and northeastern [[Oklahoma]] in forest, and [[Texas]].
''P. attwateri'' is found in western [[Arkansas]], southeastern Kansas, southern Missouri, south-central and northeastern Oklahoma in forest, and Texas.
They inhabit not only rocky areas with high cliffs and slopes under juniper, but also limestone with woody such as oak and black hickory vegetation because of predators. Cedar glades and hard wood forest are the primary habitats.<ref name="David" /><ref name="habitat">{{cite journal|last1=Etheredge|first1=David R.|last2=Engstrom|first2=Mark D.|last3=Stone|first3=Raymond C.|title=Habitat Discrimination between Sympatric Populations of Peromyscus attwateri and Peromyscus pectoralis in West-Central Texas|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1 January 1989|volume=70|issue=2|pages=300–307|doi=10.2307/1381511|jstor=1381511}}</ref><ref name="demographic">{{cite journal|last1=Lack|first1=Justin B.|last2=Pfau|first2=Russell S.|last3=Wilson|first3=Gregory M.|title=Demographic history and incomplete lineage sorting obscure population genetic structure of the Texas mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=16 April 2010|volume=91|issue=2|pages=314–325|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-242.1|doi-access=free}}</ref>
They inhabit not only rocky areas with high cliffs and slopes under juniper, but also limestone with woods such as oak and black hickory vegetation because of predators. Cedar glades and hardwood forests are their primary habitats.<ref name="David" /><ref name="habitat">{{cite journal|last1=Etheredge|first1=David R.|last2=Engstrom|first2=Mark D.|last3=Stone|first3=Raymond C.|title=Habitat Discrimination between Sympatric Populations of Peromyscus attwateri and Peromyscus pectoralis in West-Central Texas|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=1 January 1989|volume=70|issue=2|pages=300–307|doi=10.2307/1381511|jstor=1381511}}</ref><ref name="demographic">{{cite journal|last1=Lack|first1=Justin B.|last2=Pfau|first2=Russell S.|last3=Wilson|first3=Gregory M.|title=Demographic history and incomplete lineage sorting obscure population genetic structure of the Texas mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|date=16 April 2010|volume=91|issue=2|pages=314–325|doi=10.1644/09-MAMM-A-242.1|doi-access=free}}</ref>
Estimated population density is 0.7 to 5.4 ha at different seasons in various regions. The average home range that of Texas mouse is 0.2 ha(0.49 acres), and the male home range is twice of female.<ref name="David" />
Estimated population density is 0.7 to 5.4/ha at different seasons in various regions. The average home range of the Texas mouse is 0.2 ha (0.49 acres), and the male home range is twice that of the female.<ref name="David" />


===Diet===
===Diet===
The Texas mouse is omnivorous. Acorns tend to often used food in winter and spring, and their diet is variety of animal and plant from natural depending on availability. To get a source of nutrition, it may be eaten that berries, seeds, flowers, nuts, fruits, and insects importantly.<ref name="David" /><ref name="variation" />
The Texas mouse is omnivorous. Acorns are often used in winter and spring, and its diet is a variety of animal and plant material, depending on availability. Foods include berries, seeds, flowers, nuts, fruits, and insects.<ref name="David" /><ref name="variation" />


==Behavior==
==Behavior==
Texas mouse is mostly nocturnal, and does not hibernate. They have morphological adaptations in movement on the tree for climbing with long tail and hind feet; they spend 70 percents of time by climbing tree.<ref name="iucn" /><ref name="David" />
Texas mouse is mostly nocturnal and arboreal, and does not hibernate. It has morphological adaptations for tree climbing - a long tail and large hind feet; it spends about 70% of its time climbing in trees.<ref name="iucn" /><ref name="David" />


===Reproduction===
===Reproduction===
Texas mouse's breeding period occurs in autumn and spring, but there is limited breeding in winter season. There is no evidence that breeding during the late spring and summer. They can breed multiple times during the available seasons and the pregnancy period, gestation, lasts 23 days in non lactating, after 23 days, it will start lactating for about 8 days.
The Texas mouse's breeding period occurs in autumn and spring, but limited breeding occurs in winter. No evidence that breeding occurs during the late spring and summer has been found. It can breed multiple times during the available seasons and gestation lasts 23 days; lactation lasts about 8 days. The typical number of young per litter is three or four, with seasonal variation. Females collected in winter have fewer embryos than in spring.<ref name="David" />
Normally, the average number of young per litter is three or four. However, Latter size in Texas mouse shows seasonal variation. Relatively, female collected in winter few embryos than spring.<ref name="David" />


The young of the mouse is weight about 1.5 g with hairless, not opened eyes, and pinkly skin. Their hair start to grow after two days, and two weeks after closed eyes will be opened. A month after, their young are weaned, and they leave the nest in order to live alone. On the other hand, some young live together with mother for a long time. all of young leave the nest and to be independent young from their mothers.<ref name="iucn" /><ref name="David" />
The young of the mouse weigh about 1.5 g, and are hairless with closed eyes and pinkly skin. Their hair starts to grow after two days, and two weeks after, the eyes open. A month after, their young are weaned, and they leave the nest to live alone. Some young, though, live together with their mother for a longer time.<ref name="iucn" /><ref name="David" />


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp.&nbsp;894–1531 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
*Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp.&nbsp;894–1531 ''in'' Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.


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[[Category:Peromyscus]]
[[Category:Peromyscus]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1895]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1895]]
[[Category:Endemic rodents of the United States]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Latest revision as of 16:37, 17 April 2024

Texas mouse
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae
Genus: Peromyscus
Species:
P. attwateri
Binomial name
Peromyscus attwateri

The Texas mouse (Peromyscus attwateri) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas in the United States.[1] This species is named in honor of Henry Philemon Attwater.

Description

[edit]

The Texas mouse is considered medium-sized for its genus. Its long, bicolored tail has brownish fur, and the tail is brownish white and well haired, and slightly tufted at the end; it has large hind feet. It has usually dark or dusky ankles, and the ear is medium-sized. Color of the dorsum is dark mixed with brown and blackish hairs, and its side color is pinkish cinnamon, and the belly and feet have a pure white color.[2] The mouse is morphological adapted to have a long tail, for balancing when climbing a vertical surface, and large eyes adapted to activity in darkness.[2]

Adult Peromyscus attwateri's total length is usually about 182 to 220 mm with weight 25-35 grams. The tail is about 83-104mm, ear length is about 18–20 mm, and length of hind foot is about 24–27 mm.[2] Texas mouse found in Missouri. The specimen is a male measuring 171 mm of total length, 89 mm of tail, 23 mm of hind foot, and 19 mm of ear by Dr. Hershel W.[3] Morphological size variation in Texas mouse appears related with assemblage of physiologic and ecologic factors.[4][5]

Their skull is large length in 27.6 to 30.4 mm, and they have wide and not rounded braincase. They have large pterygoid fossa, medium auditory bullae that larger than in P. maniculatus and P. leucopus but smaller than in P. truei.[2]

Ecology

[edit]

Range and habitat

[edit]

P. attwateri is found in western Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southern Missouri, south-central and northeastern Oklahoma in forest, and Texas. They inhabit not only rocky areas with high cliffs and slopes under juniper, but also limestone with woods such as oak and black hickory vegetation because of predators. Cedar glades and hardwood forests are their primary habitats.[2][6][7] Estimated population density is 0.7 to 5.4/ha at different seasons in various regions. The average home range of the Texas mouse is 0.2 ha (0.49 acres), and the male home range is twice that of the female.[2]

Diet

[edit]

The Texas mouse is omnivorous. Acorns are often used in winter and spring, and its diet is a variety of animal and plant material, depending on availability. Foods include berries, seeds, flowers, nuts, fruits, and insects.[2][4]

Behavior

[edit]

Texas mouse is mostly nocturnal and arboreal, and does not hibernate. It has morphological adaptations for tree climbing - a long tail and large hind feet; it spends about 70% of its time climbing in trees.[1][2]

Reproduction

[edit]

The Texas mouse's breeding period occurs in autumn and spring, but limited breeding occurs in winter. No evidence that breeding occurs during the late spring and summer has been found. It can breed multiple times during the available seasons and gestation lasts 23 days; lactation lasts about 8 days. The typical number of young per litter is three or four, with seasonal variation. Females collected in winter have fewer embryos than in spring.[2]

The young of the mouse weigh about 1.5 g, and are hairless with closed eyes and pinkly skin. Their hair starts to grow after two days, and two weeks after, the eyes open. A month after, their young are weaned, and they leave the nest to live alone. Some young, though, live together with their mother for a longer time.[1][2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Linzey, A.V. & Hammerson, G. (NatureServe) (2008). "Peromyscus attwateri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schmidly, David James (1 January 1974). "Peromyscus attwateri". Mammalian Species (48): 1–3. doi:10.2307/3504046. JSTOR 3504046.
  3. ^ Pitts, Richard M. (1 January 1987). "New County Record in Missouri for the Texas Mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 90 (3/4): 157. doi:10.2307/3627799. JSTOR 3627799.
  4. ^ a b Sugg, Derrick W.; Kennedy, Michael L.; Heidt, Gary A. (1 January 1990). "Morphologic Variation in the Texas Mouse, Persomyscus attwateri". The Southwestern Naturalist. 35 (2): 163–172. doi:10.2307/3671538. JSTOR 3671538.
  5. ^ Sugg, Derrick W.; Chesser, Ronald K.; Long, Jeffrey C. (1 January 1997). "Assessment of Genetic Information in Morphometric Traits: Geographic Patterns and Evolutionary Interpretation". Journal of Mammalogy. 78 (2): 405–416. doi:10.2307/1382894. JSTOR 1382894.
  6. ^ Etheredge, David R.; Engstrom, Mark D.; Stone, Raymond C. (1 January 1989). "Habitat Discrimination between Sympatric Populations of Peromyscus attwateri and Peromyscus pectoralis in West-Central Texas". Journal of Mammalogy. 70 (2): 300–307. doi:10.2307/1381511. JSTOR 1381511.
  7. ^ Lack, Justin B.; Pfau, Russell S.; Wilson, Gregory M. (16 April 2010). "Demographic history and incomplete lineage sorting obscure population genetic structure of the Texas mouse (Peromyscus attwateri)". Journal of Mammalogy. 91 (2): 314–325. doi:10.1644/09-MAMM-A-242.1.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 2005. Superfamily Muroidea. pp. 894–1531 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
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