Ischioanal fossa: Difference between revisions

Ischioanal fossa
Ischioanal fossa
	The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.)
	The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx (ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	fossa ischioanalis
TA98	A09.5.04.001
TA2	2446
FMA	22059
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

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Latest revision as of 21:06, 17 April 2024

The ischioanal fossa (formerly called ischiorectal fossa) is the fat-filled wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the perineum and its apex at the line of meeting of the obturator and anal fasciae.

Boundaries

It has the following boundaries:^[1]

	ANTERIOR * fascia of Colles covering the transversus perinei superficialis * inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)
LATERAL * tuberosity of the ischium * Obturator internus muscle * obturator fascia	SUPERIOR: * Levator ani INFERIOR: * skin	MEDIAL: * Levator ani * Sphincter ani externus muscle * anal fascia
	POSTERIOR * Gluteus maximus * sacrotuberous ligament

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 425 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ analtrianglesection - Ischiorectal fossa is colored yellow

Additional images

Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.

External links

Anatomy image: apmalefrontal4-8 at the College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University
Anatomy photo:41:04-0103 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The Female Perineum: The Ischioanal Fossa"
Anatomy image:9246 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna
perineum at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (analtriangle2, femaleugtrianglesectionfascia)
Diagram at Emory University

[1] analtrianglesection - Ischiorectal fossa is colored yellow

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm}}
-{{Infobox Anatomy |
+{{Infobox anatomy
-  Name         = {{PAGENAME}} |
-  Latin        = fossa ischioanalis |
+| Name        = Ischioanal fossa
+| Latin       = fossa ischioanalis
-  GraySubject  = 120 |
-  GrayPage     = 425 |
+| Greek       =
-  Image        = Gray405.png |
+| Image       = Gray405.png
-  Caption      = The [[perineum]]. The integument and superficial layer of [[superficial fascia]] reflected. |
+| Caption     = The [[perineum]]. The integument and superficial layer of [[superficial fascia]] reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.)
-  Image2       = |
+| Width       =
-  Caption2     = |
+| Image2      = Gray1077.png
+| Caption2    = The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx (ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right)
-  System       = |
-  MeshName     = |
+| Precursor   =
-  MeshNumber   = |
+| System      =
+| Artery      =
-  DorlandsPre  = f_14 |
+| Vein        =
-  DorlandsSuf  = 12376209  |
+| Nerve       =
+| Lymph       =
 }}
-The '''Ischiorectal Fossa''' (or '''ischioanal fossa''') is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the [[perineum]], and its apex at the line of meeting of the [[obturator]] and [[anal fasciæ]].
+The '''ischioanal fossa''' (formerly called '''ischiorectal fossa''') is the fat-filled wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the [[pelvic diaphragm]]. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the [[perineum]] and its apex at the line of meeting of the [[obturator canal|obturator]] and [[anal fascia]]e.
+==Boundaries==
-It is bounded:
+It has the following boundaries:<ref>{{NormanAnatomyFig|analtrianglesection}} - Ischiorectal fossa is colored yellow</ref>
-* medially by the [[Sphincter ani externus]] and the [[anal fascia]];
-* laterally, by the [[tuberosity of the ischium]] and the [[obturator fascia]];
-* anteriorly, by the [[fascia of Colles]] covering the [[Transversus perinæi superficialis]], and by the inferior fascia of the [[urogenital diaphragm]];
-* posteriorly, by the [[Glutæus maximus]] and the [[sacrotuberous ligament]].
+{| class="wikitable"
-Crossing the space transversely are the [[inferior hemorrhoidal vessels]] and nerves; at the back part are the perineal and perforating cutaneous branches of the [[pudendal plexus]]; while from the forepart the posterior scrotal (or labial) vessels and nerves emerge.
+|  || ANTERIOR<br />* [[fascia of Colles]] covering the [[transversus perinei superficialis]]<br />* [[inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm|inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)]]   ||
+ |-
+ | LATERAL<br />* [[tuberosity of the ischium]]<br />* [[Obturator internus muscle]] <br />* [[obturator fascia]]  || SUPERIOR:<br />* [[Levator ani]]
+INFERIOR:<br />* [[Human skin|skin]]
+ | MEDIAL:<br />* [[Levator ani]]<br />* [[Sphincter ani externus muscle]]<br />* [[anal fascia]]
+ |-
+ |  || POSTERIOR<br />* [[Gluteus maximus]]<br />* [[sacrotuberous ligament]] ||
+|}
+==Contents==
-The internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve lie in [[Alcock's canal]] on the lateral wall. The fossa is filled with fatty tissue across which numerous fibrous bands extend from side to side.
+The contents include:
+* Inside [[Alcock's canal]], on the lateral wall
+** [[internal pudendal artery]]
+** [[internal pudendal vein]]
+** [[pudendal nerve]]
+* Outside Alcock's canal, crossing the space transversely
+** [[inferior rectal artery]]
+** [[inferior rectal veins]]
+** [[inferior anal nerves]]
+** fatty tissue across which numerous fibrous bands extend from side to side allows distension of the anal canal during defecation
+==See also==
+* [[Anal triangle]]
+==References==
+{{Gray's}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==Additional images==
 <gallery>
+File:Gray407.png|Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
- Image:Gray1077.png|The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx.
+File:Gray542.png|The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
 </gallery>
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.upstate.edu/cdb/grossanat/apmalefrontal4-8.html Photo at upstate.edu]
+* {{SUNYCrossSection|apmalefrontal4-8}}
+* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|41|04|01|03}} - "The Female Perineum: The Ischioanal Fossa"
-* [http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/92.jpg Diagram at emory.edu]
+* {{SUNYAnatomyImage|9|2|46}}
+* {{ViennaCrossSection|pelvis/pelvis-e12-15}}
+* {{NormanAnatomy|perineum}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|analtriangle2}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|femaleugtrianglesectionfascia}})
+* [http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/92.jpg Diagram] at [[Emory University]]
+{{Muscles of perineum}}
-{{anatomy-stub}}
+{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
-{{Gray's}}
+{{Authority control}}
+[[Category:Perineum]]