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{{Short description|Wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm}}
{{Infobox Anatomy |
{{Infobox anatomy
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = fossa ischioanalis |
| Name = Ischioanal fossa
| Latin = fossa ischioanalis
GraySubject = 120 |
GrayPage = 425 |
| Greek =
Image = Gray405.png |
| Image = Gray405.png
Caption = The [[perineum]]. The integument and superficial layer of [[superficial fascia]] reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.) |
| Caption = The [[perineum]]. The integument and superficial layer of [[superficial fascia]] reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.)
Image2 = Gray1077.png |
| Width =
| Image2 = Gray1077.png
Caption2 = The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right.) |
| Caption2 = The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx (ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right)
⚫
System = |
MeshName = |
| Precursor =
MeshNumber = |
| System =
| Artery =
DorlandsPre = f_14 |
| Vein =
DorlandsSuf = 12376209 |
⚫
| Nerve =
| Lymph =
}}
}}
The '''Ischiorectal Fossa''' (or '''ischioanal fossa''') is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the [[perineum]], and its apex at the line of meeting of the [[obturator]] and [[anal fascia]]e.
The '''ischioanal fossa''' (formerly called '''ischiorectal fossa''') is the fat-filled wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the [[pelvic diaphragm]]. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the [[perineum]] and its apex at the line of meeting of the [[obturator canal|obturator]] and [[anal fascia]]e.


==Boundaries==
==Boundaries==
It has the following boundaries:
It has the following boundaries:<ref>{{NormanAnatomyFig|analtrianglesection}} - Ischiorectal fossa is colored yellow</ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| || ANTERIOR<BR>* [[fascia of Colles]] covering the [[Transversus perinei superficialis]]<BR>* [[inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm]] ||
| || ANTERIOR<br />* [[fascia of Colles]] covering the [[transversus perinei superficialis]]<br />* [[inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm|inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)]] ||
|-
|-
| LATERAL<BR>* [[tuberosity of the ischium]]<BR>* [[Obturator internus muscle]] <BR>* [[obturator fascia]] || SUPERIOR:<BR>* [[Levator ani]]<BR><BR>INFERIOR:<BR>* [[skin]] || MEDIAL:<BR>* [[Levator ani]]<BR>* [[Sphincter ani externus]]<BR>* [[anal fascia]]
| LATERAL<br />* [[tuberosity of the ischium]]<br />* [[Obturator internus muscle]] <br />* [[obturator fascia]] || SUPERIOR:<br />* [[Levator ani]]
INFERIOR:<br />* [[Human skin|skin]]
| MEDIAL:<br />* [[Levator ani]]<br />* [[Sphincter ani externus muscle]]<br />* [[anal fascia]]
|-
|-
| || POSTERIOR<BR>* [[Gluteus maximus]]<BR>* [[sacrotuberous ligament]] ||
| || POSTERIOR<br />* [[Gluteus maximus]]<br />* [[sacrotuberous ligament]] ||
|}
|}


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The contents include:
The contents include:
* Inside [[Alcock's canal]], on the lateral wall
* Inside [[Alcock's canal]], on the lateral wall
** [[internal pudendal artery]]
** [[internal pudendal artery]]
** [[internal pudendal vein]]
** [[internal pudendal vein]]
** [[pudendal nerve]]
** [[pudendal nerve]]
* Outside Alcock's canal, crossing the space transversely
* Outside Alcock's canal, crossing the space transversely
** [[inferior rectal artery]]
** [[inferior rectal artery]]
** [[inferior rectal veins]]
** [[inferior rectal veins]]
** [[inferior anal nerves]]
** [[inferior anal nerves]]
** fatty tissue across which numerous fibrous bands extend from side to side
** fatty tissue across which numerous fibrous bands extend from side to side allows distension of the anal canal during defecation


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Anal triangle]]
* [[Anal triangle]]

==References==
⚫
{{Gray's}}
{{Reflist}}


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Gray407.png|Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
File:Gray407.png|Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
Image:Gray542.png|The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
File:Gray542.png|The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|41|04|01|03}} - "The Female Perineum: The Ischioanal Fossa"
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|41|04|01|03}} - "The Female Perineum: The Ischioanal Fossa"
* {{SUNYAnatomyImage|9|2|46}}
* {{SUNYAnatomyImage|9|2|46}}
* {{ViennaCrossSection|pelvis/pelvis-e12-15}}
* {{NormanAnatomyFig|analtriangle2}}
* {{NormanAnatomy|perineum}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|analtriangle2}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|femaleugtrianglesectionfascia}})
* [http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/92.jpg Diagram at emory.edu]
* [http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/92.jpg Diagram] at [[Emory University]]


{{Muscles of perineum}}
{{anatomy-stub}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
⚫
{{Gray's}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Perineum]]

Latest revision as of 21:06, 17 April 2024

Ischioanal fossa
The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected. (Ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom left.)
The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx (ischiorectal fossa labeled at bottom right)
Details
Identifiers
Latinfossa ischioanalis
TA98A09.5.04.001
TA22446
FMA22059
Anatomical terminology

The ischioanal fossa (formerly called ischiorectal fossa) is the fat-filled wedge-shaped space located lateral to the anal canal and inferior to the pelvic diaphragm. It is somewhat prismatic in shape, with its base directed to the surface of the perineum and its apex at the line of meeting of the obturator and anal fasciae.

Boundaries

[edit]

It has the following boundaries:[1]

ANTERIOR
* fascia of Colles covering the transversus perinei superficialis
* inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)
LATERAL
* tuberosity of the ischium
* Obturator internus muscle
* obturator fascia		 SUPERIOR:
* Levator ani

INFERIOR:
* skin

MEDIAL:
* Levator ani
* Sphincter ani externus muscle
* anal fascia
POSTERIOR
* Gluteus maximus
* sacrotuberous ligament

Contents

[edit]

The contents include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 425 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ analtrianglesection - Ischiorectal fossa is colored yellow

Additional images

[edit]
  • Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
    Coronal section of anterior part of pelvis, through the pubic arch. Seen from in front.
  • The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
    The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery.
[edit]
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