Mucor indicus: Difference between revisions

Mucor indicus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Mucoromycota
Class:	Mucoromycetes
Order:	Mucorales
Family:	Mucoraceae
Genus:	Mucor
Species:	M. indicus
Binomial name
	Mucor indicus; Lendn.

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Mucor indicus is among the most important members of zygomycetes fungi. This dimorphic fungus is capable of production of several valuable products. Some strains of the fungus have been isolated from the traditional Indonesian food tempeh. M. indicus is nowadays used for production of several homemade food and beverages especially in Asia. This has also been successfully used as a safe nutritional source for fish and rat. The fungus is generally regarded as safe though there are few reports claiming that this is a pathogenic fungus.^{[citation needed]}

The capability of the fungus in production of ethanol is comparable with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike S. cerevisiae, M. indicus ferments pentoses as well as hexoses and therefore this can be used for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials.^[1]

The cell wall of the fungus contains considerable amounts of chitosan.^{[citation needed]} Moreover, the fungus is classified as an oil producing fungus.^{[citation needed]} Hence, the biomass of the fungus is considered as a rich source for production of chitosan and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially γ-linolenic acid (Omega-6).^{[citation needed]}

The autolysate of the fungus has a high nutritional value and can replace yeast extract in microbial cultivations.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Sharifia, Mahnaz; Karimi, Keikhosro; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J (2008). "Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 35 (11): 1253–1259. doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0422-x. PMID 18712551. S2CID 20343656.

Karimi, Keikhosro; Zamani, Akram (2013). "Mucor indicus: Biology and industrial application perspectives: A review". Biotechnology Advances. 31 (4): 466–81. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.009. PMID 23376652.
Zamani, Akram (2010). Superabsorbent polymers from the cell wall of zygomycetes fungi (PhD thesis). Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology. ISBN 978-91-7385-417-7. OCLC 939236678.
L.Edebo, Zygomycetes for fish feed. USP 0136617 A1. 2009.
Karimi, Keikhosro; Edebo, Lars; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J (2008). "Mucor indicus as a biofilter and fermenting organism in continuous ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzate". Biochemical Engineering Journal. 39 (2): 383–8. doi:10.1016/j.bej.2007.10.009.
Sharifia, Mahnaz; Karimi, Keikhosro; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J (2008). "Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 35 (11): 1253–9. doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0422-x. PMID 18712551. S2CID 20343656.
Karimi, Keikhosro; Emtiazi, Giti; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J (2006). "Production of ethanol and mycelial biomass from rice straw hemicellulose hydrolyzate by Mucor indicus". Process Biochemistry. 41 (3): 653–8. doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2005.08.014.
Bartnicki Garcia, S (1963). "Symposium on Biochemical Bases of Morphogenesis in Fungi. Iii. Mold-Yeast Dimorphism of Mucor". Bacteriological Reviews. 27 (3): 293–304. doi:10.1128/br.27.3.293-304.1963. PMC 441189. PMID 14063856.

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[1] Sharifia, Mahnaz; Karimi, Keikhosro; Taherzadeh, Mohammad J (2008). "Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 35 (11): 1253–1259. doi:10.1007/s10295-008-0422-x. PMID 18712551. S2CID 20343656.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
-{{italic title}}
+{{Multiple issues|
-{{Taxobox
+{{technical|date=May 2017}}
-| name = ''Mucor''
+{{No footnotes|article|date=February 2018}}
-| regnum = [[Fungi]]
+}}
-| divisio = [[Zygomycota]]
+{{Speciesbox
-| classis = [[Zygomycetes]]
+| image =
-| ordo = [[Mucorales]]
+| genus = Mucor
-| familia = [[Mucoraceae]]
-| genus = [[Mucor]]
+| species = indicus
+| authority = Lendn.
-|species = indicus
 }}
-'''Mucor indicus''' is a species of [[Mucor]].
-M. indicus , also known as M. rouxii, Amylomyces rouxii, and Chlamydomucor rouxii, is among the zygomycetes fungi which is capable of production of several valuable products. However, some cases are reported the fungus as a pathogenic fungus (de Repentigny et al., 2008), while in most cases it is considered as a safe microorganism for human (Millati, 2005). Most strains of the fungus were isolated from tempe (a traditional Indonesian food). The fungus is one of the main microorganisms used in production of several food and beverages (Hung and Chou, 1997; Nout and Kiers, 2005; Yu and Chou, 2000). It is also referred to as GRAS (generally regarded as safe) (Edebo, 2009) and shown to be safe for fish and rat. It is possible that the pathogenicity of the fungus is strain dependent.
+'''''Mucor indicus''''' is among the most important members of zygomycetes fungi. This dimorphic fungus is capable of production of several valuable products. Some strains of the fungus have been isolated from the traditional Indonesian food [[tempeh]]. M. indicus is nowadays used for production of several homemade food and beverages especially in Asia. This has also been successfully used as a safe nutritional source for fish and rat. The fungus is generally regarded as safe though there are few reports claiming that this is a pathogenic fungus.{{fact|date=September 2019}}
+The capability of the fungus in production of [[ethanol]] is comparable with that of [[Saccharomyces cerevisiae]]. Unlike ''S. cerevisiae'', ''M. indicus'' ferments pentoses as well as hexoses and therefore this can be used for production of ethanol from lignocellulosic materials.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sharifia |first1=Mahnaz |last2=Karimi |first2=Keikhosro |last3=Taherzadeh |first3=Mohammad J |title=Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses. |journal=Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology |date=2008 |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=1253–1259 |doi=10.1007/s10295-008-0422-x |pmid=18712551 |s2cid=20343656 |ref=Sharifia2008|doi-access=free }}</ref>
+The cell wall of the fungus contains considerable amounts of chitosan.{{fact|date=September 2019}} Moreover, the fungus is classified as an oil producing fungus.{{fact|date=September 2019}} Hence, the biomass of the fungus is considered as a rich source for production of chitosan and polyunsaturated fatty acids especially γ-linolenic acid (Omega-6).{{fact|date=September 2019}}
+The autolysate of the fungus has a high nutritional value and can replace yeast extract in microbial cultivations.{{fact|date=September 2019}}
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+==Further reading==
+*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.01.009 |pmid=23376652 |title=Mucor indicus: Biology and industrial application perspectives: A review |journal=Biotechnology Advances |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=466–81 |year=2013 |last1=Karimi |first1=Keikhosro |last2=Zamani |first2=Akram }}
+*{{cite book |first1=Akram |last1=Zamani |title=Superabsorbent polymers from the cell wall of zygomycetes fungi |publisher=Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology |type=PhD thesis |year=2010 |oclc=939236678 |isbn=978-91-7385-417-7 }}
+* L.Edebo, Zygomycetes for fish feed. USP 0136617 A1. 2009.
+*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.bej.2007.10.009 |title=Mucor indicus as a biofilter and fermenting organism in continuous ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzate |journal=Biochemical Engineering Journal |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=383–8 |year=2008 |last1=Karimi |first1=Keikhosro |last2=Edebo |first2=Lars |last3=Taherzadeh |first3=Mohammad J }}
+*{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10295-008-0422-x |title=Production of ethanol by filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor indicus from fructose, glucose, sucrose, and molasses |journal=Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=1253–9 |year=2008 |last1=Sharifia |first1=Mahnaz |last2=Karimi |first2=Keikhosro |last3=Taherzadeh |first3=Mohammad J |pmid=18712551 |s2cid=20343656 |doi-access=free }}
+*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.procbio.2005.08.014 |title=Production of ethanol and mycelial biomass from rice straw hemicellulose hydrolyzate by Mucor indicus |journal=Process Biochemistry |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=653–8 |year=2006 |last1=Karimi |first1=Keikhosro |last2=Emtiazi |first2=Giti |last3=Taherzadeh |first3=Mohammad J }}
+*{{cite journal |pmid=14063856 |pmc=441189 |year=1963 |last1=Bartnicki Garcia |first1=S |title=Symposium on Biochemical Bases of Morphogenesis in Fungi. Iii. Mold-Yeast Dimorphism of Mucor |journal=Bacteriological Reviews |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=293–304 |doi=10.1128/br.27.3.293-304.1963 }}
-{{fungus-stub}}
 {{Mycoses}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q6931249}}
-[[Category:Zygomycota]]
+[[Category:Mucoraceae]]
+[[Category:Fungus species]]
+{{zygomycota-stub}}
-[[sv:Mucor indicus]]