New political thinking: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1987–1990 USSR foreign policy philosophy}} |
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| ⚫ | '''New political thinking''' (or simply '''new thinking''') was the doctrine put forth by [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] as part of his reforms of the [[Soviet Union]]. Its major elements were ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of [[class struggle]], priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, mutual security based on political rather than military instruments |
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{{Mikhail Gorbachev series}} |
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| ⚫ | '''New political thinking''' (or simply '''new thinking'''){{efn|Gorbachev was known to often put an incorrect [[Stress (linguistics)|stress ]] in words. As a notable peculiarity, Gorbachev pronounced the term as "но́вое поли́тическое '''мы́'''шление", while the common Russian stress is ''[[:wikt:мышление|мыш'''ле́'''ние]]'' (contrary to speculations, Gorbachev's version of stress was also attested in dictionaries, but as a less common)<ref>[https://russian7.ru/post/myshlenie-kak-mikhail-gorbachev-izmeni/ Мы́шление: как Михаил Горбачев изменил русский язык]</ref>}} was the doctrine put forth by [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] as part of [[perestroika|his reforms]] of the [[Soviet Union]]. Its major elements were de-ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of [[class struggle]], priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, and mutual security based on political rather than military instruments. The doctrine constituted a significant shift from the previous principles of the [[Foreign relations of the Soviet Union|Soviet foreign politics]].<ref name=daho>[https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/1989-02-01/gorbachevs-new-thinking "Gorbachev's New Thinking"], by David Holloway, ''Foreign Affairs'', vol.68 no.1</ref><ref name=usdos>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/rd/108225.htm "Gorbachev and New Thinking in Soviet Foreign Policy, 1987-88"], [[USDOS]] archive </ref><ref>[http://countrystudies.us/russia/17.htm New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev], in: Glenn E. Curtis, ed. ''Russia: A Country Study'', Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1996. </ref> |
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== History == |
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In 1987 Gorbachev published the book ''[[Perestroika]] and New Political Thinking''<ref>Горбачев М. С. Перестройка и новое мышление для нашей страны и всего мира — М.: ИПЛ, 1987</ref> and in December 1988 he presented the doctrine of new thinking in his speech to the [[United Nations]].<ref name=daho/><ref>[http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/warsaw-pact-dissolves/warsaw-pact-dissolves-texts/gorbachev-speaks-to-the-un/ Excerpts from the Address by Mikhail Gorbachev], 43rd U.N. General Assembly Session, December 7, 1988</ref> |
In 1987 Gorbachev published the book ''[[Perestroika]] and New Political Thinking''<ref>Горбачев М. С. Перестройка и новое мышление для нашей страны и всего мира — М.: ИПЛ, 1987</ref> and in December 1988 he presented the doctrine of new thinking in his speech to the [[United Nations]].<ref name=daho/><ref>[http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/warsaw-pact-dissolves/warsaw-pact-dissolves-texts/gorbachev-speaks-to-the-un/ Excerpts from the Address by Mikhail Gorbachev], 43rd U.N. General Assembly Session, December 7, 1988</ref> |
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The "new thinking" was of vital necessity for the Soviet Union to shut down the costly [[Cold War]] competition in order to continue internal economic reforms of ''perestroika''.<ref name=usdos/> |
The "new thinking" was of vital necessity for the Soviet Union to shut down the costly [[Cold War]] competition in order to continue the internal economic reforms of ''perestroika''.<ref name=usdos/> |
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Notable steps in this direction included [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]], Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, |
Notable steps in this direction included the [[Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty]], Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, end of support of communist movements around the world and loosened the Soviet grip over [[Eastern Europe]] by replacing the [[Brezhnev Doctrine]] with the [[Sinatra Doctrine]].<ref name=usdos/> |
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In 1990 Gorbachev was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Peace]] "for his leading role in the peace process". |
In 1990 Gorbachev was awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Peace]] "for his leading role in the peace process". |
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The overall effect of these developments was the end of the Cold War and the breakdown of the [[ |
The overall effect of these developments was the end of the Cold War and the breakdown of the [[Warsaw Pact]] and ultimately of the Soviet Union itself.<ref name=usdos/> |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Mikhail Gorbachev#foreign|Mikhail Gorbachev: Foreign engagements]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Politics of the Soviet Union]] |
[[Category:Politics of the Soviet Union]] |
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[[Category:Reform in the Soviet Union]] |
[[Category:Reform in the Soviet Union]] |
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[[Category:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:56, 20 April 2024
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Former General Secretary of the CPSU Secretariate (1985–1991)
Presidency (1990–1991)
Foreign policy Post-leadership
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New political thinking (or simply new thinking)[a] was the doctrine put forth by Mikhail Gorbachev as part of his reforms of the Soviet Union. Its major elements were de-ideologization of international politics, abandoning the concept of class struggle, priority of universal human interests over the interests of any class, increasing interdependence of the world, and mutual security based on political rather than military instruments. The doctrine constituted a significant shift from the previous principles of the Soviet foreign politics.[2][3][4]
History
[edit]In 1987 Gorbachev published the book Perestroika and New Political Thinking[5] and in December 1988 he presented the doctrine of new thinking in his speech to the United Nations.[2][6]
The "new thinking" was of vital necessity for the Soviet Union to shut down the costly Cold War competition in order to continue the internal economic reforms of perestroika.[3]
Notable steps in this direction included the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, end of support of communist movements around the world and loosened the Soviet grip over Eastern Europe by replacing the Brezhnev Doctrine with the Sinatra Doctrine.[3]
In 1990 Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace "for his leading role in the peace process".
The overall effect of these developments was the end of the Cold War and the breakdown of the Warsaw Pact and ultimately of the Soviet Union itself.[3]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Gorbachev was known to often put an incorrect stress in words. As a notable peculiarity, Gorbachev pronounced the term as "но́вое поли́тическое мы́шление", while the common Russian stress is мышле́ние (contrary to speculations, Gorbachev's version of stress was also attested in dictionaries, but as a less common)[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Мы́шление: как Михаил Горбачев изменил русский язык
- ^ a b "Gorbachev's New Thinking", by David Holloway, Foreign Affairs, vol.68 no.1
- ^ a b c d "Gorbachev and New Thinking in Soviet Foreign Policy, 1987-88", USDOS archive
- ^ New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev, in: Glenn E. Curtis, ed. Russia: A Country Study, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1996.
- ^ Горбачев М. С. Перестройка и новое мышление для нашей страны и всего мира — М.: ИПЛ, 1987
- ^ Excerpts from the Address by Mikhail Gorbachev, 43rd U.N. General Assembly Session, December 7, 1988