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Endere (Chinese: 安迪尔; pinyin: Āndí'ěr) is an archaeological site in Xinjiang, China, in the southern Taklamakan Desert, a part of the southern route of the ancient Silk Road. It has been tentatively identified with a place called Saca that is mentioned in documents written in Kharoṣṭhī script which have been found in the region.^[1]

Archaeological excavations

In 1901 the fort of Endere was excavated by Sir Mark Aurel Stein. Endere is believed to have been an important military post and a centre for Buddhist worship located about half-way between Charchan and Nina (or Niya).^[2] Coins discovered there indicate that the Chinese controlled the area as early as the Han dynasty but fell to the Tibetans during the Tang dynasty. However, the fort was abandoned in the ninth century when the Endere river changed its course.

Stein discovered a number of buildings devoted to Buddhist worship including a shrine filled with textile rags and fragments of Buddhist manuscripts written in Chinese, Tibetan and Sanskrit which suggests it had drawn worshippers from far and wide.^[3]

References

^ Martin Rhie, Marylin (1999). Early Buddhist Art of China & Central Asia. Handbuch der Orientalistik, Part 4. Vol. 1. Brill. p. 368. ISBN 9789004112018.
^ Noble, Peter S. (1931). Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London.
^ "Sir Aurel Stein & the Silk Road finds". Retrieved 22 October 2012.

External links

37°36′N 83°48′E / 37.600°N 83.800°E / 37.600; 83.800

[1] Martin Rhie, Marylin (1999). Early Buddhist Art of China & Central Asia. Handbuch der Orientalistik, Part 4. Vol. 1. Brill. p. 368. ISBN 9789004112018.

[2] Noble, Peter S. (1931). Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London.

[3] "Sir Aurel Stein & the Silk Road finds". Retrieved 22 October 2012.

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Endere Stupa BLP467 PHOTO1187 2 172.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Endere Stupa]]
+[[File:Endere Stupa BLP467 PHOTO1187 2 172.jpg|thumb|right|Endere Stupa]]
-'''Endere''' is an archaeological site in the southern [[Taklamakan Desert]], a part of the southern route of the ancient [[Silk Road]].  It was called Saca in documents written in Kharoshthi found in the region.
+'''Endere''' (Chinese: [[wikt:安迪尔|安迪尔]]; pinyin: Āndí'ěr) is an archaeological site in [[Xinjiang]], [[China]], in the southern [[Taklamakan Desert]], a part of the southern route of the ancient [[Silk Road]].  It has been tentatively identified with a place called Saca that is mentioned in documents written in [[Kharoshthi|Kharoṣṭhī script]] which have been found in the region.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Martin Rhie | first=Marylin | title=Early Buddhist Art of China & Central Asia | series=Handbuch der Orientalistik, Part 4 | publisher=Brill | year=1999 | isbn=9789004112018 | volume=1 | page=368 }}</ref>
+==Archaeological excavations==
-In 1901 the fort of Endere was excavated by Sir [[Mark Aurel Stein]]. Endere is believed to have been an important miltary post and a centre for Buddhist worship located about half-way between [[Charchan]] and Nina (or [[Niya]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Noble|first=Peter S.|title=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London|year=1931}}</ref> . Coins discovered there indicate that the Chinese controlled the area as early as the [[Han Dynasty]] but fell to the [[Tibetans]] during the [[Tang Dynasty]]. However, the fort was abandoned in the ninth century when the Endere river changed its course.
+[[File:Endere BLP209 PHOTO392 26 197.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Pillars excavated in Endere]]
+In 1901 the fort of Endere was excavated by Sir [[Mark Aurel Stein]]. Endere is believed to have been an important military post and a centre for Buddhist worship located about half-way between [[Charchan]] and Nina (or [[Niya (Tarim Basin)|Niya]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Noble|first=Peter S.|title=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London|year=1931}}</ref> Coins discovered there indicate that the Chinese controlled the area as early as the [[Han dynasty]] but fell to the [[Tibetans]] during the [[Tang dynasty]]. However, the fort was abandoned in the ninth century when the Endere river changed its course.
-Stein discovered a number of buildings devoted to [[Buddhist]] worship including a shrine filled with textile rags and fragments of Buddhist manuscripts written in Chinese, Tibetan and [[Sanskrit]] which suggests it had drawn worshippers from far and wide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Aurel Stein & the Silk Road finds|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-silk-road-finds-map-4/|accessdate=22nd October 2012}}</ref>
+Stein discovered a number of buildings devoted to [[Buddhist]] worship including a shrine filled with textile rags and fragments of Buddhist manuscripts written in Chinese, Tibetan and [[Sanskrit]] which suggests it had drawn worshippers from far and wide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Aurel Stein & the Silk Road finds|url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/t/the-silk-road-finds-map-4/|accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref>
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}
 ==External links==
 {{Commons category|Endere}}
+{{coord|37|36|N|83|48|E|region:CN_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}
 [[Category:Archaeological sites in China]]
 [[Category:Sites along the Silk Road]]
-[[Category:Central Asian Buddhist sites‎]]
+[[Category:Central Asian Buddhist sites]]
+[[Category:Xinjiang]]
-{{Coord missing|China}}