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Coordinates: 34°56′N 117°12′W / 34.933°N 117.200°W / 34.933; -117.200
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{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Hinkley
| name = Hinkley
|official_name =what about Boron and Desert Lake?
| official_name =
|settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
| settlement_type = [[Unincorporated area|Unincorporated community]]
|nickname =
| nickname =
|motto =
| motto =


<!-- Images -->
<!-- Images -->
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<!-- Maps -->
<!-- Maps -->
|pushpin_map = USA California
| pushpin_map = USA California
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California
|pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
| image_map =
|map_caption = Location within San Bernardino county
| map_caption = Location within San Bernardino county


<!-- Location -->
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino]]
|government_footnotes =
| government_footnotes =
|government_type =
| government_type =
|leader_title = <!-- Mayor -->
| leader_title = <!-- Mayor -->
|leader_name =
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|established_title =
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<!-- Area -->
<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref = Imperial
| unit_pref = Imperial
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|area_land_km2 =
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|area_water_km2 =
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<!-- Population -->
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
| population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2010|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1915
| population_total = 1692
|population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto


<!-- General information -->
<!-- General information -->
|timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific (PST)]]
|utc_offset = -8
| utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = PDT
| timezone_DST = PDT
|utc_offset_DST = -7
| utc_offset_DST = -7
|elevation_footnotes =
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|coordinates = {{coord|34|56|N|117|12|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|34|56|N|117|12|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}}


<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -->
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 92347
| postal_code = 92347
|area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
| area_code_type = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
|area_code = [[Area codes 442 and 760|442/760]]
| area_code = [[Area codes 760 and 442|760/442]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info = 06-33924
| blank_info = 06-33924
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|243490}}
| blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|243490}}
}}
}}
⚫
'''Hinkley''' is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in the [[Mojave Desert]], in [[San Bernardino County]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]], {{convert|14|mi|km}} northwest of [[Barstow, California|Barstow]], {{convert|59|mi|km}} east of [[Mojave, California|Mojave]], {{convert|47|mi|km}} north of [[Victorville, California|Victorville]] and about {{convert|121|mi|km}} driving distance north-northeast of [[Los Angeles]]. Just north of [[California State Highway 58]], the residents have faced concerns over [[chromium-6]] in their well water from the world’s largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sbsun.com/environment-and-nature/20150318/hinkley-continues-to-shrink-desert-town-set-to-lose-only-market-gas-station-post-office?source=most_viewed|title=Hinkley continues to shrink: Desert town set to lose only market, gas station, Post Office|publisher=|date= March 18, 2015|first=Jim |last= Steinberg}}</ref>


⚫
'''Hinkley''' is an [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] in the [[Mojave Desert]], in [[San Bernardino County, California]], United States, 14 miles (23&nbsp;km) northwest of [[Barstow, California|Barstow]], 59 miles (95&nbsp;km) east of [[Mojave, California|Mojave]], {{Convert|47|mi|km}} north of [[Victorville, California|Victorville]] and about a 120 mile (193&nbsp;km) drive northeast of [[Los Angeles]], just north of [[California State Route 58]]. The residents have faced concerns over [[hexavalent chromium]] in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sbsun.com/environment-and-nature/20150318/hinkley-continues-to-shrink-desert-town-set-to-lose-only-market-gas-station-post-office?source=most_viewed|title=Hinkley continues to shrink: Desert town set to lose only market, gas station, Post Office|date= March 18, 2015|first=Jim |last= Steinberg}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:HINKLEY school VOA.jpg|thumbnail|left|The only school in Hinkley closed in June 2013.]]


==History==
== History ==
⚫
[[File:HINKLEY school VOA.jpg|thumbnail|left|The only school in Hinkley closed in June 2013.]]
Between the 1960s and 1980s, several miles west of Hinkley along Highway 58, the [[Hawes Radio Tower]] (a guyed mast) was used for military communication in the [[Low frequency|LF-range]].
Between the 1960s and 1980s, several miles west of Hinkley along State Route 58, the [[Hawes Radio Relay Site|Hawes Radio Tower]] at the [[World War II]] [[Hawes Auxiliary Airfield]], a guyed mast, was used for military communication in the [[Low frequency|LF-range]].


In [[2015 in film|2015]], Hinkley was one of the filming locations for ''[[Sky (film)|Sky]]''. Hinkley was also the setting for [[Barstow, California|Barstow]], [[Bombay Beach, California|Bombay Beach]], [[Joshua Tree, California|Joshua Tree]], [[Landers, California|Landers]], [[Lenwood, California|Lenwood]], [[Ludlow, California|Ludlow]], [[Newberry Springs, California|Newberry Springs]], [[Victorville, California]], and [[Erin Brockovich]].<ref name="IMDb">{{cite web| title=Sky (2015) - Filming Locations| url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4106306/locations| website=IMDb| publisher=amazon.com| accessdate=22 August 2016}}</ref>
In [[2015 in film|2015]], Hinkley was one of the filming locations for ''[[Sky (2015 film)|Sky]]''. Hinkley was also the setting for ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]''.<ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web| title=Sky (2015) – Filming Locations | url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4106306/locations| website=IMDb | access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>


===Groundwater contamination===
=== Groundwater contamination ===
{{Main|Hinkley groundwater contamination}}
{{Main|Hinkley groundwater contamination}}
Hinkley, California, had its [[groundwater pollution|groundwater contaminated]] with [[hexavalent chromium]] starting in 1952, resulting from a [[compressor station]] for natural gas transmission pipelines. Legal action against [[Pacific Gas & Electric]] (PG&E) followed and residents of Hinkley filed a [[class action]].<ref>http://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/volumes/26/2/banks.pdf</ref>
From 1952, Hinkley has had its [[groundwater pollution|groundwater contaminated]] with hexavalent chromium by a [[compressor station]] for natural gas transmission pipelines. Residents of Hinkley eventually filed a [[class action]] lawsuit against [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company]] (PG&E).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banks |first=Sedina |date=Spring 2003 |title=The "Erin Brockovich Effect": How Media Shapes Toxics Policy |url=https://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/volumes/26/2/banks.pdf |journal=Environs |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=219–251}}</ref>


In 1993, [[Erin Brockovich]], a legal clerk to lawyer [[Edward L. Masry]], investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.<ref>{{cite web
In 1993, [[Erin Brockovich]], a legal clerk to lawyer [[Edward L. Masry]], investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/072911Cr6PHG.html | title=Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water | first=Michael | last=Baes | date=July 29, 2011 | work=Water | publisher=California Environmental Protection Agency | location=[[Oakland, California]] | access-date=April 23, 2012 | quote=The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.}}</ref> The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' was released in 2000.
| url = http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/072911Cr6PHG.html
| title = Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water
| first = Michael
| last = Baes
| date = July 29, 2011
| work = Water
| publisher = California Environmental Protection Agency
| location = [[Oakland, California|Oakland, CA]]
| accessdate = April 23, 2012
| quote = The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.
}}</ref> The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' was released in 2000.


After many arguments, the case was referred to [[arbitration]] with maximum damages of $400 million. The case was settled in 1996 for [[United States dollar|$]]333 million, the largest settlement ever paid in a [[Direct-action lawsuit|direct-action]] lawsuit in [[United States|U.S.]] history. In 2006, PG&E agreed to pay $295 million to settle cases involving another 1,100 people statewide for hexavalent chromium-related claims.
After many arguments, the case was referred to [[arbitration]] with maximum damages of $400 million. The case was settled in 1996 for [[United States dollar|US$]]333 million, the largest settlement ever paid in a [[direct-action lawsuit]] in United States history. In 2006, PG&E agreed to pay $295 million to settle cases involving another 1,100 people statewide for hexavalent chromium-related claims.


⚫
== Demographics ==
[[Chromium VI#Air and water pollution|Chromium(VI)-contaminated water supply]] is apparently a widespread problem, and is not isolated to Hinkley.<ref>[http://static.ewg.org/reports/2010/chrome6/html/home.html Chromium-6 Is Widespread in US Tap Water], Environmental Working Group, 2010</ref>


{{US Census population
⚫
==Demographics==
|2000= 1915
⚫
In early 2016, the ''New York Times'' described Hinkley as having been slowly turned into a [[ghost town]] due to the contamination of the area.<ref name="NYT_2016">{{cite news|last1=Lovett|first1=Ian|title=Gas Leak in Los Angeles Has Residents Looking Warily Toward Flint|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/us/gas-leak-in-los-angeles-has-residents-looking-warily-toward-flint.html?_r=0|accessdate=24 January 2016|publisher=New York Times|date=23 January 2016}}</ref>
|2010= 1692
|2020=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=
}}
⚫
In early 2016, ''The New York Times'' described Hinkley as having been slowly turned into a [[ghost town]] due to the contamination of the area.<ref name="NYT_2016">{{Cite news|last1=Lovett|first1=Ian|title=Gas Leak in Los Angeles Has Residents Looking Warily Toward Flint|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/24/us/gas-leak-in-los-angeles-has-residents-looking-warily-toward-flint.html?_r=0|access-date=24 January 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 January 2016}}</ref>


The United States does not define a [[census-designated place]] called Hinkley, but it does define a [[ZIP Code Tabulation Area]] (ZCTA), 92347. Because Hinkley is contained within this ZCTA, it is possible to obtain census data from the [[United States 2000 Census]] for the area even though data for "Hinkley" are unavailable. As of the census of 2000,<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}</ref> the ZCTA of 92347 had a 2000 population of 1,915. Of note is the fact that there were 485 people (26.7 percent of the population) five years in age or older categorized as having a [[disability]], a higher than average figure when compared to the national average of about 19.3 percent.
The United States does not define a [[census-designated place]] called Hinkley, but it does define a [[ZIP Code Tabulation Area]] (ZCTA), 92347. Because Hinkley is contained within this ZCTA, it is possible to obtain census data from the [[2000 United States Census]] for the area even though data for "Hinkley" are unavailable. As of the census of 2000,<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> the ZCTA of 92347 had a population of 1,915. Of note is the fact that there were 485 people (26.7 percent of the population) five years in age or older categorized as having a [[disability]], a higher than average figure when compared to the national average of about 19.3 percent.


As of the 2010 census, the ZCTA had a population of 1,692 (a decrease of 11.6% since 2000).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=92347&tid=DECENNIALSF12010.P1&hidePreview=false |title=Decennial Census Total Population ZCTA 92347 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2010 |website=data.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2021-01-16}}</ref>
⚫
The postal [[ZIP Code]] is 92347 and the community is inside telephone [[area codes 442 and 760]].


The 2020 census did not report a population for the ZCTA. But it did report 241 households, an employment rate of 18.1%, and the figure for holding a Bachelor's Degree or higher as 3.8%. The household income was reported as $38,140.<ref>US Census Bureau, 2020 Report, ZCTA5 92347</ref>
⚫
==References==

{{Portal|Inland Empire}}
⚫
The postal [[ZIP Code]] is 92347 and the community is inside telephone [[area codes 760 and 442]].

==Government==

The town of Hinkley parks are managed under County Service area 70, Zone W<ref>{{cite web |title=County Service Area 70 W – Hinkley |url=https://specialdistricts.sbcounty.gov/parks-and-recreation/csa-70w/ |website=Special Districts |access-date=4 January 2023}}</ref>

⚫
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [http://www.sbsun.com/hinkley Hinkley: A ghost town in the making] ''[[San Bernardino County Sun]]''
* [http://www.sbsun.com/hinkley Hinkley: A ghost town in the making]&nbsp;– ''[[The San Bernardino Sun]]''
* [http://www.hinkleygroundwater.com www.HinkleyGroundwater.com Hinkley Groundwater Remediation Program] ''Hinkley Community Advisory Committee Website''
* [http://www.hinkleygroundwater.com www.HinkleyGroundwater.com Hinkley Groundwater Remediation Program]&nbsp;– ''Hinkley Community Advisory Committee Website''
* [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=92347&_cityTown=92347&_state=&_zip=92347&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010 U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder]
* [https://archive.today/20200212053808/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=92347&_cityTown=92347&_state=&_zip=92347&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010 U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder]


{{San Bernardino County, California}}
{{San Bernardino County, California}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Populated places in the Mojave Desert]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Mojave Desert]]

Latest revision as of 04:47, 25 April 2024

Hinkley
Unincorporated community
Hinkley is located in California
Hinkley
Hinkley
Location within the state of California
Coordinates: 34°56′N 117°12′W / 34.933°N 117.200°W / 34.933; -117.200
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountySan Bernardino
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
1,692
Time zoneUTC-8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP codes
92347
Area codes760/442
FIPS code06-33924
GNIS feature ID243490

Hinkley is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Barstow, 59 miles (95 km) east of Mojave, 47 miles (76 km) north of Victorville and about a 120 mile (193 km) drive northeast of Los Angeles, just north of California State Route 58. The residents have faced concerns over hexavalent chromium in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.[1]

History

[edit]
The only school in Hinkley closed in June 2013.

Between the 1960s and 1980s, several miles west of Hinkley along State Route 58, the Hawes Radio Tower at the World War II Hawes Auxiliary Airfield, a guyed mast, was used for military communication in the LF-range.

In 2015, Hinkley was one of the filming locations for Sky. Hinkley was also the setting for Erin Brockovich.[2]

Groundwater contamination

[edit]
Main article: Hinkley groundwater contamination

From 1952, Hinkley has had its groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium by a compressor station for natural gas transmission pipelines. Residents of Hinkley eventually filed a class action lawsuit against Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E).[3]

In 1993, Erin Brockovich, a legal clerk to lawyer Edward L. Masry, investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.[4] The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film Erin Brockovich was released in 2000.

After many arguments, the case was referred to arbitration with maximum damages of $400 million. The case was settled in 1996 for US$333 million, the largest settlement ever paid in a direct-action lawsuit in United States history. In 2006, PG&E agreed to pay $295 million to settle cases involving another 1,100 people statewide for hexavalent chromium-related claims.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
20001,915—
20101,692−11.6%

In early 2016, The New York Times described Hinkley as having been slowly turned into a ghost town due to the contamination of the area.[5]

The United States does not define a census-designated place called Hinkley, but it does define a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), 92347. Because Hinkley is contained within this ZCTA, it is possible to obtain census data from the 2000 United States Census for the area even though data for "Hinkley" are unavailable. As of the census of 2000,[6] the ZCTA of 92347 had a population of 1,915. Of note is the fact that there were 485 people (26.7 percent of the population) five years in age or older categorized as having a disability, a higher than average figure when compared to the national average of about 19.3 percent.

As of the 2010 census, the ZCTA had a population of 1,692 (a decrease of 11.6% since 2000).[7]

The 2020 census did not report a population for the ZCTA. But it did report 241 households, an employment rate of 18.1%, and the figure for holding a Bachelor's Degree or higher as 3.8%. The household income was reported as $38,140.[8]

The postal ZIP Code is 92347 and the community is inside telephone area codes 760 and 442.

Government

[edit]

The town of Hinkley parks are managed under County Service area 70, Zone W[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Steinberg, Jim (March 18, 2015). "Hinkley continues to shrink: Desert town set to lose only market, gas station, Post Office".
  2. ^ "Sky (2015) – Filming Locations". IMDb. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  3. ^ Banks, Sedina (Spring 2003). "The "Erin Brockovich Effect": How Media Shapes Toxics Policy" (PDF). Environs. 26 (2): 219–251.
  4. ^ Baes, Michael (July 29, 2011). "Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water". Water. Oakland, California: California Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved April 23, 2012. The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.
  5. ^ Lovett, Ian (January 23, 2016). "Gas Leak in Los Angeles Has Residents Looking Warily Toward Flint". The New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  6. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  7. ^ "Decennial Census Total Population ZCTA 92347". data.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  8. ^ US Census Bureau, 2020 Report, ZCTA5 92347
  9. ^ "County Service Area 70 W – Hinkley". Special Districts. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
[edit]
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