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{{short description|Military unit}}
{{Under construction|placedby=Hamish59}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}

{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = Mardan Brigade<br>Nowshera Cavalry Brigade<br>Risalpur Cavalry Brigade<br>1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade<br>1st Indian Cavalry Brigade
| unit_name = Mardan Brigade<br/>Nowshera Cavalry Brigade<br/>Risalpur Cavalry Brigade<br/>1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade<br/>1st Indian Cavalry Brigade
| image =
| image =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| dates = 1 January 1906 – November 1940
| dates = 1 January 1906 – November 1940
| country = {{flag|British India|23px}}
| country = {{flag|British India}}
| allegiance = [[British Crown]]
| allegiance = [[British Crown]]
| branch = {{army|British India|23px}}
| branch = {{army|British India|23px}}
Line 14: Line 15:
| role =
| role =
| size = [[Brigade]]
| size = [[Brigade]]
| command_structure = [[1st (Peshawar) Division]]<br>Peshawar District
| command_structure = [[1st (Peshawar) Division]]<br/>Peshawar District
| garrison = [[Risalpur Cantonment]]
| garrison = [[Risalpur Cantonment]]
| garrison_label = Peacetime HQ
| garrison_label =
| nickname =
| nickname =
| patron =
| patron =
Line 25: Line 26:
| equipment =
| equipment =
| equipment_label =
| equipment_label =
| battles = [[First World War]]<br>[[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]<br>[[Second World War]]
| battles = [[First World War]]<br/>[[Third Anglo-Afghan War]]<br/>[[Second World War]]
| battles_label = Service
| battles_label = Service
| decorations =
| decorations =
Line 31: Line 32:
| battle_honours_label =
| battle_honours_label =
| disbanded =
| disbanded =
| notable_commanders = [[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Br.-Gen.]] [[Guy Beatty|G.A.H. Beatty]]<br>[[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Br.-Gen.]] [[Wilfrith Green|W.G.K. Green]]<br>[[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] [[Eric de Burgh|E. de Burgh]]
| notable_commanders = [[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Br.-Gen.]] [[Guy Beatty|G.A.H. Beatty]]<br/>[[Brigadier-general (United Kingdom)|Br.-Gen.]] [[Wilfrith Green|W.G.K. Green]]<br/>[[Brigadier (United Kingdom)|Brig.]] [[Eric de Burgh|E. de Burgh]]
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol =
| identification_symbol_label =
| identification_symbol_label =
}}
}}
The '''1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade''' was a [[cavalry]] [[brigade]] of the [[British Indian Army]] formed in 1906 as a result of the [[Kitchener Reforms]]. It remained in India during the [[First World War]] but took an active part in the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] in 1919.
The '''1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade''' was a [[cavalry]] [[brigade]] of the [[British Indian Army]] formed in 1906 as a result of the [[Kitchener Reforms]]. It remained in India during the [[First World War]] but took an active part in the [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] in 1919.


It was on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier]] in September 1939, and converted to the [[1st Indian Motor Brigade]] in November 1940.
It was on the [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)|North West Frontier]] in September 1939, and converted to Risalpur Training Brigade (later [[155th Indian Infantry Brigade]]) in November 1940.


==History==
==History==
⚫
The [[Kitchener Reforms]] began in 1903 when [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]], [[Commander-in-Chief, India]], completed the unification of the three former [[Presidency armies]], the [[Frontier Force (disambiguation)|Punjab Frontier Force]], the [[Hyderabad Contingent]] and other local forces into one [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with [[internal security]] relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into [[division]]s and [[brigade]]s that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.<ref name=Haythornthwaite244>{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|p=244}}</ref>


===Formation===
⚫
The brigade was formed on 1 January 1906 as '''Mardan Brigade'''<ref name=Hart1907>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1907hart#page/98/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1907 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=3 July 2015 }}</ref>{{efn|1 January 1906 was the appointment date of the brigade's first commanding officer.<ref name=Hart1907/>}} and in June 1907 it was renamed as '''Nowshera Cavalry Brigade'''.<ref name=Hart1908>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1908hart#page/96/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1908 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref> In 1910, it was renamed again, this time as '''1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade'''.<ref name=Hart1912>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1912lond#page/112/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1912 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref> Other than a period from September 1920 until 1927 when it was simply numbered as '''1st Indian Cavalry Brigade''', it retained this identity until finally broken up in November 1940.<ref name=Mackie342>{{harvnb|Mackie|2015|p=342}}</ref>
⚫
The [[Kitchener Reforms]], carried out during [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener's]] tenure as [[Commander-in-Chief, India]] (1902–09), completed the unification of the three former [[Presidency armies]], the [[Frontier Force (disambiguation)|Punjab Frontier Force]], the [[Hyderabad Contingent]] and other local forces into one [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the [[North-West Frontier (military history)|North-West Frontier]] against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with [[internal security]] relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into [[division (military)|divisions]] and [[brigade]]s that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.<ref name=Haythornthwaite244>{{harvnb|Haythornthwaite|1996|p=244}}</ref>

⚫
The brigade was formed on 1 January 1906 as '''Mardan Brigade'''<ref name=Hart1907>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1907hart#page/98/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1907 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=3 July 2015 }}</ref>{{efn|1 January 1906 was the appointment date of the brigade's first commanding officer.<ref name=Hart1907/>}} and in June 1907 it was renamed as '''Nowshera Cavalry Brigade'''.<ref name=Hart1908>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1908hart#page/96/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1908 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref> In 1910, it was renamed again, this time as '''1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade'''.<ref name=Hart1912>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/stream/hartsannualarmy1912lond#page/112/mode/2up | title = Hart's Annual Army List for 1912 | author = The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart | authorlink = Henry George Hart | publisher = John Murray | location = London | accessdate=22 July 2015 }}</ref> Other than a period from September 1920 until 1927 when it was simply numbered as '''1st Indian Cavalry Brigade''', it retained this identity until finally broken up in November 1940.<ref name=Mackie342>{{harvnb|Mackie|2015|p=342}}</ref>

===First World War===
===First World War===
At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], the brigade was [[Headquarters (military)|headquartered]] in the [[Risalpur Cantonment]] and commanded the following units:<ref name=Perry38>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=38}}</ref>
At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], the brigade was [[Headquarters (military)|headquartered]] in the [[Risalpur Cantonment]] and commanded the following units:<ref name=Perry38>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=38}}</ref>
* [[13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers (Watson's Horse)]]{{efn|name=13L|Note that the [[13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers (Watson's Horse)]] of the [[First World War]] era was unrelated to the [[13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]] of the [[Second World War|Second]], despite the close similarity of names. The earlier regiment was amalgamated with the [[16th Cavalry]] in 1921 to form the [[6th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers (Watson's Horse)]]<ref>{{harvnb|Gaylor|1996|pp=70–73}}</ref> whereas the latter regiment was formed in 1923 by the amalgamation of [[31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]] and [[32nd Lancers]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gaylor|1996|pp=86–88}}</ref>}}
* [[13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers (Watson's Horse)|13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers]]{{efn|name=13L|The [[13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers (Watson's Horse)]] of the [[First World War]] era was unrelated to the [[13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]] of the [[Second World War|Second]], despite the close similarity of names. The earlier regiment was amalgamated with the [[16th Cavalry]] in 1921 to form the [[6th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers (Watson's Horse)|6th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]]<ref>{{harvnb|Gaylor|1996|pp=70–73}}</ref> whereas the latter regiment was formed in 1923 by the amalgamation of [[31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]] and [[32nd Lancers]].<ref>{{harvnb|Gaylor|1996|pp=86–88}}</ref>}}
* [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]]
* [[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]]
* [[1st Duke of York's Own Skinner's Horse]]
* [[1st Duke of York's Own Skinner's Horse]]
Line 52: Line 56:
* [[Guides Infantry|Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides (Frontier Force) (Lumsden's) Infantry]] ''(at [[Mardan]])''
* [[Guides Infantry|Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides (Frontier Force) (Lumsden's) Infantry]] ''(at [[Mardan]])''


Of the six<ref name=Watson>{{Wayback | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html | title=The Indian Army 1914 by Dr. Graham Watson on orbat.com | date=20130509080005 | df=yes }}</ref> [[cavalry]] [[brigade]]s in the Indian Army in August 1914, the 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was the only one that was not sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].{{efn|The other five pre-war Indian [[cavalry]] [[brigade]]s were formed into the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division|1st]] and [[2nd Indian Cavalry Division]]s and sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. These were:
Of the six<ref name=Watson>{{cite web|url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |title=The Indian Army 1914 by Dr. Graham Watson on orbat.com |accessdate=2009-10-15|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509080005/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/army1914.html |archivedate=9 May 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> [[cavalry]] [[brigade]]s in the Indian Army in August 1914, the 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was the only one that was not sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].{{efn|The other five pre-war Indian [[cavalry]] [[brigade]]s were formed into the [[1st Indian Cavalry Division|1st]] and [[2nd Indian Cavalry Division]]s and sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. These were:
* [[2nd (Sialkot) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[2nd (Rawalpindi) Division]]<ref name=Perry40>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=40}}</ref>
* [[2nd (Sialkot) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[2nd (Rawalpindi) Division]]<ref name=Perry40>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=40}}</ref>
* [[3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[3rd (Lahore) Division]]<ref name=Perry49>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=49}}</ref>
* [[3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[3rd (Lahore) Division]]<ref name=Perry49>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=49}}</ref>
Line 58: Line 62:
* [[8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[8th (Lucknow) Division]]<ref name=Perry100>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=100}}</ref>
* [[8th (Lucknow) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[8th (Lucknow) Division]]<ref name=Perry100>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=100}}</ref>
* [[9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[9th (Secunderabad) Division]]<ref name=Perry106>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=106}}</ref>
* [[9th (Secunderabad) Cavalry Brigade]] of [[9th (Secunderabad) Division]]<ref name=Perry106>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=106}}</ref>
They were joined by the [[5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade]], formed on 11 November 1914.<ref name=Perry17>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=17}}</ref>}} It remained in India throughout the war,<ref name=Perry36>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=36}}</ref> guarding the Frontier (with particular responsibility for the post at Mardan).<ref name=Perry38>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=38}}</ref> A large number of units rotated in and out of the brigade throughout the war.<ref name=Perry36/>{{efn|Besides the units assigned in August 1914, the brigade also commanded the following at various times during the war::<ref name=Perry36/>
They were joined by the [[5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade]], formed on 11 November 1914.<ref name=Perry17>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=17}}</ref>}} It remained in India throughout the war,<ref name=Perry36>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=36}}</ref> guarding the Frontier (with particular responsibility for the post at Mardan).<ref name=Perry38/> A large number of units rotated in and out of the brigade throughout the war.<ref name=Perry36/>{{efn|Besides the units assigned in August 1914, the brigade also commanded the following at various times during the war:<ref name=Perry36/>
{{Div col|cols=2}}
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[21st (Empress of India's) Lancers]]
* [[21st (Empress of India's) Lancers]]
* [[30th Lancers (Gordon's Horse)]]
* [[30th Lancers (Gordon's Horse)]]
Line 74: Line 78:
* 22nd [[Machine Gun]] [[Squadron (army)|Squadron]]
* 22nd [[Machine Gun]] [[Squadron (army)|Squadron]]
* 1st Field Troop, [[1st King George's Own Sappers and Miners]]
* 1st Field Troop, [[1st King George's Own Sappers and Miners]]
{{Div col end}}
{{div col end}}
}}
}}


===Third Anglo-Afghan War===
===Third Anglo-Afghan War===
Under mobilization plans drawn up in July 1918, IV Corps, with 1st (Peshawar) Division under command, would have included 1st and [[10th Indian Cavalry Brigade]]s with:<ref name=Perry38/>
===Second World War===
* [[21st (Empress of India's) Lancers]]
* [[1st Duke of York's Own Lancers (Skinner's Horse)]]
* [[33rd Queen Victoria's Own Light Cavalry]]
* 22nd [[Machine Gun]] [[Squadron (army)|Squadron]]
* [[M Battery Royal Horse Artillery|M Battery, RHA]]
* 1st Field Troop, [[1st King George's Own Sappers and Miners]]
In August 1918, the 21st (Empress of India's) Lancers traded places with the [[1st (King's) Dragoon Guards]] in [[4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade]]<ref name=Perry37>{{harvnb|Perry|1993|p=37}}</ref> and the latter mobilized with the brigade in May 1919.<ref name=Afghanistan>{{cite web | title=Afghanistan | url=http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/Afghanistan-1919-121.php | publisher=Regimental Museum of the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (The Welsh Horse) | accessdate=24 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725011528/http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/Afghanistan-1919-121.php | archive-date=25 July 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> At Dakka{{efn|Dakka was a village in Afghan territory, north west of the Khyber Pass.<ref name=Afghanistan/>}} on 16 May, the 1st (King's) Dragoon Guards made the last recorded [[Charge (warfare)|charge]] by a British horsed cavalry regiment.<ref name=Short>{{cite web | title=1899 to 1938 - A Short History of 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards | url=http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/1899-to-1938-53.php | publisher=Regimental Museum of the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (The Welsh Horse) | accessdate=24 July 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729170729/http://www.qdg.org.uk/pages/1899-to-1938-53.php | archive-date=29 July 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Orders of battle==
===Second World War===
⚫
The brigade was on the North West Frontier in September 1939 under the command of Peshawar District. It commanded the following units at the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]:<ref name=Kempton5b>{{harvnb|Kempton|2003b|p=5}}</ref><ref name=Nafziger>{{harvnb|Nafziger|n.d.|p=2}}</ref>
<!--
;Second World War
⚫
The 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade commanded the following units at the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]:<ref name=Kempton5b>{{harvnb|Kempton|2003b|p=5}}</ref><ref name=Nafziger>{{harvnb|Nafziger|n.d.|p=2}}</ref>
* [[16th/5th Lancers]] ''(departed in March 1940 for the [[United Kingdom]])''
* [[16th/5th Lancers]] ''(departed in March 1940 for the [[United Kingdom]])''
* [[Probyn's Horse (5th King Edward VII's Own Lancers)]] ''(transferred in January 1940 to [[1st Indian Motor Brigade]])''
* [[Probyn's Horse (5th King Edward VII's Own Lancers)]] ''(transferred in January 1940 to [[1st Indian Motor Brigade]])''
Line 92: Line 101:
* [[Royal Deccan Horse (9th Horse)]] ''(October 1939 to January 1940)''
* [[Royal Deccan Horse (9th Horse)]] ''(October 1939 to January 1940)''
* [[13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]]{{efn|name=13L}} ''(November 1939 to February 1940 and April 1940 onwards)''
* [[13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers]]{{efn|name=13L}} ''(November 1939 to February 1940 and April 1940 onwards)''
* Jodhpur Sardar Rissala ([[Indian States Forces|I.S.F.]]) ''(January to October 1940)''-->
* [[Jodhpur State|Jodhpur]] Sardar Rissala ([[Indian States Forces|ISF]]) ''(January to October 1940)''
The brigade lost most of its units to the 1st Indian Motor Brigade (designate) in early 1940. In the event, 1st Indian Motor Brigade was actually formed as [[1st Indian Armoured Brigade]] at [[Sialkot]] on 1 July 1940.<ref name=Kempton1b>{{harvnb|Kempton|2003b|p=1}}</ref> In November, 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was reconstituted as ''Risalpur Training Brigade'' and in March 1944 as ''[[155th Indian Infantry Brigade]]''.<ref name=Kempton5b/><ref name=Kempton7677b>{{harvnb|Kempton|2003b|pp=76–77}}</ref>


==Commanders==
==Commanders==
Line 125: Line 135:
| December 1936 || Brigadier || [[Harry Macdonald (Indian Army officer)|H. Macdonald]] ||
| December 1936 || Brigadier || [[Harry Macdonald (Indian Army officer)|H. Macdonald]] ||
|-
|-
| August 1939 || Brigadier || [[A.A.E. Filoze]] || Brigade dispersed in November 1940
| August 1939 || Brigadier || [[A.A.E. Filose]] || Brigade dispersed in November 1940
|}
|}

==See also==

<!--* [[List of Indian Army Brigades in World War I]]-->
* [[List of Indian Army Brigades in World War II]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 136: Line 151:
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
* {{cite book

| ref = harv
| last = Gaylor | first = John
| last = Gaylor | first = John
| year = 1996
| year = 1996
Line 146: Line 161:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book

| ref = harv
| last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J.
| last = Haythornthwaite | first = Philip J.
| authorlink = Philip Haythornthwaite
| authorlink = Philip Haythornthwaite
Line 156: Line 171:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book

| ref = harv
| last = Kempton | first = Chris
| last = Kempton | first = Chris
| year = 2003b
| year = 2003b
Line 166: Line 181:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book

| ref = harv
| last = Kempton | first = Chris
| last = Kempton | first = Chris
| year = 2003c
| year = 2003c
Line 176: Line 191:
}}
}}
* {{cite web
* {{cite web

| ref = harv
| last = Mackie | first = Colin
|last=Mackie
|first=Colin
| year = June 2015
| title = Army Commands 1900-2011
|date=June 2015
|title=Army Commands 1900-2011
| publisher = www.gulabin.com
|publisher=www.gulabin.com
| url = http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
| accessdate = 1 July 2015
|accessdate=1 July 2015
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705211343/http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201900-2011.pdf
|archivedate=5 July 2015
|df=dmy
}}
}}
* {{cite web
* {{cite web

| ref = harv
| last = Nafziger | first = George
| last = Nafziger | first = George
| authorlink = George Nafziger
| authorlink = George Nafziger
Line 196: Line 216:
}}
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book

| ref = harv
| last = Perry | first = F.W.
| last = Perry | first = F.W.
| year = 1993
| year = 1993
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions
| title = Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions
| publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books
| publisher = Ray Westlake Military Books
| location = Newport, Gwent
| location = Newport
| isbn = 1-871167-23-X
| isbn = 1-871167-23-X
}}
}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{Wayback | url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/1_ind_div.htm | title=1st (Peshawar) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell | date=20080517085014 | df=yes }}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/1_ind_div.htm |title=1st (Peshawar) Division on ''The Regimental Warpath 1914 - 1918'' by PB Chappell |accessdate=2015-07-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085014/http://www.warpath.orbat.com/indian_divs/1_ind_div.htm |archivedate=17 May 2008 |df=dmy }}
* {{oob unit | id = 10075 | name = 1 (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade }}


[[Category:Brigades of India in World War I|C01]]
[[Category:Brigades of India in World War I|C01]]
Line 213: Line 234:
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1906]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1906]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1940]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1940]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in India]]

{{mil-unit-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:01, 25 April 2024

Mardan Brigade
Nowshera Cavalry Brigade
Risalpur Cavalry Brigade
1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade
1st Indian Cavalry Brigade
Active1 January 1906 – November 1940
Country British India
AllegianceBritish Crown
Branch British Indian Army
TypeCavalry
SizeBrigade
Part of1st (Peshawar) Division
Peshawar District
Garrison/HQRisalpur Cantonment
ServiceFirst World War
Third Anglo-Afghan War
Second World War
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Br.-Gen. G.A.H. Beatty
Br.-Gen. W.G.K. Green
Brig. E. de Burgh

The 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1906 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. It remained in India during the First World War but took an active part in the Third Anglo-Afghan War in 1919.

It was on the North West Frontier in September 1939, and converted to Risalpur Training Brigade (later 155th Indian Infantry Brigade) in November 1940.

History

[edit]

Formation

[edit]

The Kitchener Reforms, carried out during Lord Kitchener's tenure as Commander-in-Chief, India (1902–09), completed the unification of the three former Presidency armies, the Punjab Frontier Force, the Hyderabad Contingent and other local forces into one Indian Army. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the North-West Frontier against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with internal security relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into divisions and brigades that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.[1]

The brigade was formed on 1 January 1906 as Mardan Brigade[2][a] and in June 1907 it was renamed as Nowshera Cavalry Brigade.[3] In 1910, it was renamed again, this time as 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade.[4] Other than a period from September 1920 until 1927 when it was simply numbered as 1st Indian Cavalry Brigade, it retained this identity until finally broken up in November 1940.[5]

First World War

[edit]

At the outbreak of the First World War, the brigade was headquartered in the Risalpur Cantonment and commanded the following units:[6]

Of the six[9] cavalry brigades in the Indian Army in August 1914, the 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was the only one that was not sent to the Western Front.[c] It remained in India throughout the war,[16] guarding the Frontier (with particular responsibility for the post at Mardan).[6] A large number of units rotated in and out of the brigade throughout the war.[16][d]

Third Anglo-Afghan War

[edit]

Under mobilization plans drawn up in July 1918, IV Corps, with 1st (Peshawar) Division under command, would have included 1st and 10th Indian Cavalry Brigades with:[6]

In August 1918, the 21st (Empress of India's) Lancers traded places with the 1st (King's) Dragoon Guards in 4th (Meerut) Cavalry Brigade[17] and the latter mobilized with the brigade in May 1919.[18] At Dakka[e] on 16 May, the 1st (King's) Dragoon Guards made the last recorded charge by a British horsed cavalry regiment.[19]

Second World War

[edit]

The brigade was on the North West Frontier in September 1939 under the command of Peshawar District. It commanded the following units at the outbreak of the Second World War:[20][21]

The following units were attached:[20]

The brigade lost most of its units to the 1st Indian Motor Brigade (designate) in early 1940. In the event, 1st Indian Motor Brigade was actually formed as 1st Indian Armoured Brigade at Sialkot on 1 July 1940.[23] In November, 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade was reconstituted as Risalpur Training Brigade and in March 1944 as 155th Indian Infantry Brigade.[20][24]

Commanders

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The Mardan Brigade / Nowshera Cavalry Brigade / 1st (Risalpur) Cavalry Brigade / 1st Indian Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders:[5]

From Rank Name Notes
1 January 1906[2] Major-General M.H.S. Grover
1 December 1907[25] Major-General F.W.P. Angelo
17 November 1912[26] Major-General J.G. Turner
15 September 1914[26] Brigadier-General S.F. Crocker
18 June 1916[26] Brigadier-General F.G.H. Davies
January 1919 Brigadier-General P. Holland-Pryor
October 1921 Brigadier-General G.A.H. Beatty
April 1925 Brigadier-General W.G.K. Green
September 1927 Brigadier J. Van der Byl
September 1931 Brigadier E. de Burgh
August 1934 Brigadier T.A.A. Wilson
December 1934 Brigadier D.K. McLeod
December 1936 Brigadier H. Macdonald
August 1939 Brigadier A.A.E. Filose Brigade dispersed in November 1940

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ 1 January 1906 was the appointment date of the brigade's first commanding officer.[2]
  2. ^ a b The 13th Duke of Connaught's Lancers (Watson's Horse) of the First World War era was unrelated to the 13th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers of the Second, despite the close similarity of names. The earlier regiment was amalgamated with the 16th Cavalry in 1921 to form the 6th Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers[7] whereas the latter regiment was formed in 1923 by the amalgamation of 31st Duke of Connaught's Own Lancers and 32nd Lancers.[8]
  3. ^ The other five pre-war Indian cavalry brigades were formed into the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions and sent to the Western Front. These were: They were joined by the 5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade, formed on 11 November 1914.[15]
  4. ^ Besides the units assigned in August 1914, the brigade also commanded the following at various times during the war:[16]
  5. ^ Dakka was a village in Afghan territory, north west of the Khyber Pass.[18]

References

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  1. ^ Haythornthwaite 1996, p. 244
  2. ^ a b c The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart. "Hart's Annual Army List for 1907". London: John Murray. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  3. ^ The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart. "Hart's Annual Army List for 1908". London: John Murray. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  4. ^ The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart. "Hart's Annual Army List for 1912". London: John Murray. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  5. ^ a b Mackie 2015, p. 342
  6. ^ a b c Perry 1993, p. 38
  7. ^ Gaylor 1996, pp. 70–73
  8. ^ Gaylor 1996, pp. 86–88
  9. ^ "The Indian Army 1914 by Dr. Graham Watson on orbat.com". Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
  10. ^ Perry 1993, p. 40
  11. ^ Perry 1993, p. 49
  12. ^ Perry 1993, p. 85
  13. ^ Perry 1993, p. 100
  14. ^ Perry 1993, p. 106
  15. ^ Perry 1993, p. 17
  16. ^ a b c Perry 1993, p. 36
  17. ^ Perry 1993, p. 37
  18. ^ a b "Afghanistan". Regimental Museum of the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (The Welsh Horse). Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  19. ^ "1899 to 1938 - A Short History of 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards". Regimental Museum of the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (The Welsh Horse). Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  20. ^ a b c Kempton 2003b, p. 5
  21. ^ Nafziger n.d., p. 2
  22. ^ Kempton 2003c, p. 15
  23. ^ Kempton 2003b, p. 1
  24. ^ Kempton 2003b, pp. 76–77
  25. ^ The late Lieutenant General H.G. Hart. "Hart's Annual Army List for 1909". London: John Murray. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
  26. ^ a b c Perry 1993, p. 35

Bibliography

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  • Gaylor, John (1996). Sons of John Company: The Indian and Pakistan Armies 1903–1991 (2nd ed.). Tunbridge Wells: Parapress. ISBN 1-898594-41-4.
  • Haythornthwaite, Philip J. (1996). The World War One Source Book. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1-85409-351-7.
  • Kempton, Chris (2003b). 'Loyalty & Honour', The Indian Army September 1939 – August 1947. Vol. Part II Brigades. Milton Keynes: The Military Press. ISBN 0-85420-238-2.
  • Kempton, Chris (2003c). 'Loyalty & Honour', The Indian Army September 1939 – August 1947. Vol. Part III. Milton Keynes: The Military Press. ISBN 0-85420-248-X.
  • Mackie, Colin (June 2015). "Army Commands 1900-2011" (PDF). www.gulabin.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  • Nafziger, George (n.d.). "The Indian Army 3 September 1939" (PDF). Fort Leavenworth: Combined Arms Research Library, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  • Perry, F.W. (1993). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5B. Indian Army Divisions. Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books. ISBN 1-871167-23-X.
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