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{{Short description|Species of small freshwater animal}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| status = LR/lc
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite journal | author = Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group | title = ''Branchinecta gigas'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 1996 | page = e.T3041A9545649 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 1996 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/3041/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T3041A9545649.en | access-date = 1 December 2017}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group |date=1996 |title=''Branchinecta gigas'' |volume=1996 |page=e.T3041A9545649 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T3041A9545649.en |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| status2 = G3
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| status2_system = TNC
| subphylum = [[Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| status2_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Branchinecta gigas|url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106734/Branchinecta_gigas|work=[[NatureServe]]|accessdate=14 April 2024|author=Cordeiro, J.|year=2007}}</ref>
| classis = [[Branchiopoda]]
| ordo = [[Anostraca]]
| genus = Branchinecta
⚫
| species = gigas
| familia = [[Branchinectidae]]
⚫
| authority = Lynch, 1937
| genus = ''[[Branchinecta]]''
⚫
| species = '''''B. gigas'''''
| binomial = ''Branchinecta gigas''
⚫
| binomial_authority = Lynch, 1937
}}
}}


'''''Branchinecta gigas''''' is a [[species]] of [[Anostraca|fairy shrimp]] that lives in western [[Canada]] and the [[United States]]. It is the largest species of fairy shrimp, growing up to {{convert|86|mm|abbr=on}} long. It is known commonly as the '''giant fairy shrimp'''.<ref name=iucn/>
'''''Branchinecta gigas''''' is a [[species]] of [[Anostraca|fairy shrimp]] that lives in western [[Canada]] and the [[United States]]. It is the largest species of fairy shrimp, growing up to {{convert|86|mm|abbr=on}} long. It is known commonly as the '''giant fairy shrimp'''.<ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021" />


==Description==
==Description==
Females reach [[sexual maturity]] when they are {{convert|45|-|50|mm}} long, and grow up to {{convert|86|mm|abbr=on}} long; males reach only {{convert|66|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Daborn">{{cite journal |author=Graham R. Daborn |year=1975 |title=Life history and energy relations of the giant fairy shrimp ''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch 1937 (Crustacea: Anostraca) |journal=[[Ecology (journal)|Ecology]] |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=1025–1039 |jstor=1936144 |doi=10.2307/1936144}}</ref> Unpublished records exist of individuals up to {{convert|180|mm|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Boudrias"/> Despite being the largest species, ''B. gigas'' has the smallest eyes of any species in the family, and possibly in all Anostraca.<ref name="Boudrias">{{cite journal |author1=Michel A. Boudrias |author2=Jammieson Pires |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2002 |title=Unusual sensory setae of the raptorial ''Branchinecta gigas'' (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) |journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] |volume=486 |issue=1 |pages=19–27 |doi=10.1023/A:1021317927643}}</ref>
Females reach [[sexual maturity]] when they are {{convert|45|-|50|mm}} long, and grow up to {{convert|86|mm|abbr=on}} long; males reach only {{convert|66|mm|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Daborn">{{cite journal |author=Graham R. Daborn |year=1975 |title=Life history and energy relations of the giant fairy shrimp ''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch 1937 (Crustacea: Anostraca) |journal=[[Ecology (journal)|Ecology]] |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=1025–1039 |jstor=1936144 |doi=10.2307/1936144}}</ref> Unpublished records exist of individuals up to {{convert|180|mm|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Boudrias"/> Despite being the largest species, ''B. gigas'' has the proportionally smallest eyes of any species in the family, and possibly in all Anostraca.<ref name="Boudrias">{{cite journal |author1=Michel A. Boudrias |author2=Jammieson Pires |name-list-style=amp |year=2002 |title=Unusual sensory setae of the raptorial ''Branchinecta gigas'' (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) |journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] |volume=486 |issue=1 |pages=19–27 |doi=10.1023/A:1021317927643}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
''Branchinecta gigas'' has been found in [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Montana]], [[Oregon]], [[North Dakota]], [[Utah]], [[Nevada]] and [[California]].<ref name="Hammer">{{cite book |author=Ulrich Theodore Hammer |year=1986 |title=Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World |series=Volume 59 of Monographiae Biologicae |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-90-6193-535-3 |chapter=The plankton communities of saline lakes |pages=171–336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOdvPFm6SyoC&pg=PA280}}</ref> A related species, ''[[Branchinecta raptor]]'', occurs in [[Idaho]].<ref name="Rogers">{{cite journal |authors=D. Christopher Rogers, Dana L. Quinney, James Weaver & Jørgen Olesen |year=2006 |title=A new giant species of predatory fairy shrimp from Idaho, USA (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1651/C-2509.1 |url=http://www.zmuc.dk/inverweb/staff/PDF/Rogers%20et%20al.%202006.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]}}</ref>
''Branchinecta gigas'' has been found in [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]], [[Montana]], [[Oregon]], [[North Dakota]], [[Utah]], [[Nevada]] and [[California]].<ref name="Hammer">{{cite book |author=Ulrich Theodore Hammer |year=1986 |title=Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World |series=Volume 59 of Monographiae Biologicae |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-90-6193-535-3 |chapter=The plankton communities of saline lakes |pages=171–336 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOdvPFm6SyoC&pg=PA280}}</ref> A related species, ''[[Branchinecta raptor|B. raptor]]'', occurs in [[Idaho]].<ref name="Rogers">{{cite journal |author=D. Christopher Rogers |author2=Dana L. Quinney |author3=James Weaver |author4=Jørgen Olesen |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=A new giant species of predatory fairy shrimp from Idaho, USA (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) |journal=[[Journal of Crustacean Biology]] |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1651/C-2509.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref>


==Ecology and behaviour==
==Ecology and behaviour==
''B. gigas'' lives in hyposaline lakes and rivers, with [[salinity]] ranging from 1.8[[per mil|‰]] to 5.8‰.<ref name="Hammer"/> These waters often have high [[turbidity]] (low visibility), and so ''B. gigas'' hunts by feel rather than by sight.<ref name="Boudrias"/> When feeding, ''B. gigas'' adopts a "hunting posture", with the body bent double. The animal swims dorsal side down, with the abdomen nearly parallel with the thorax, so that the sensitive [[antenna (biology)|antennae]] and caudal rami all extends forwards. The thoracic limbs are held wide open, ready to close on any prey which enters.<ref name="White">{{cite journal |authors=G. E. White, G. Fabris & R. Hartland-Rowe |year=1969 |title=The method of prey capture by ''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch, 1937 (Anostraca) |journal=[[Crustaceana]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=158–160 |jstor=20101576 |doi=10.1163/156854069X00411}}</ref> This response appears to be entirely by feel, which correlates with the [[turbidity]] of the waters where ''B. gigas'' and its prey live.<ref name="White"/> The prey taken by ''B. gigas'' is chiefly other species of Anostraca,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Geoffrey Fryer |year=1966 |title=''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch, a non-filter-feeding raptatory anostracan, with notes on the feeding habits of certain other anostracans |journal=[[Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London]] |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=19–34 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1966.tb00948.x}}</ref> especially ''[[Branchinecta mackini]]'',<ref name="Boudrias"/> although it also eats [[copepod]]s, [[cladocera]]ns and sometimes [[green algae]].<ref name="Rogers"/>
''B. gigas'' lives in hypersaline lakes and rivers, with [[salinity]] ranging from 1.8[[per mil|‰]] to 5.8‰.<ref name="Hammer"/> These waters often have high [[turbidity]] (low visibility), and so ''B. gigas'' hunts by touch rather than by sight.<ref name="Boudrias"/> When feeding, ''B. gigas'' adopts a "hunting posture", with the body bent double. The animal swims dorsal side down, with the abdomen nearly parallel with the thorax, so that the sensitive [[antenna (biology)|antennae]] and caudal rami all extends forwards. The thoracic limbs are held wide open, ready to close on any prey which enters.<ref name="White">{{cite journal |author=G. E. White |author2=G. Fabris |author3=R. Hartland-Rowe |name-list-style=amp |year=1969 |title=The method of prey capture by ''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch, 1937 (Anostraca) |journal=[[Crustaceana]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=158–160 |jstor=20101576 |doi=10.1163/156854069X00411}}</ref> This response appears to be entirely by touch, which correlates with the [[turbidity]] of the waters where ''B. gigas'' and its prey live.<ref name="White"/> The prey taken by ''B. gigas'' is chiefly other species of fairy shrimp,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Geoffrey Fryer |year=1966 |title=''Branchinecta gigas'' Lynch, a non-filter-feeding raptatory anostracan, with notes on the feeding habits of certain other anostracans |journal=[[Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London]] |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=19–34 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1966.tb00948.x}}</ref> especially ''[[Branchinecta mackini|B. mackini]]'',<ref name="Boudrias"/> although it also eats [[copepod]]s, [[cladocera]]ns and sometimes [[green algae]].<ref name="Rogers"/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
In 1935, J. F. Clark collected two specimens of a large branchiopod near [[Coulee City, Washington]]. These specimens were sent to James E. Lynch of the [[University of Washington]] in [[Seattle]], who visited sites between Coulee City and the [[Grand Coulee Dam]] in 1936, and discovered further specimens. Lynch [[alpha taxonomy|described the species]] as ''Branchinecta gigas'' in 1937.<ref>{{cite journal |author=James E. Lynch |year=1937 |title=A giant new species of fairy shrimp of the genus ''Branchinecta'' from the state of Washington |journal=[[Proceedings of the United States National Museum]] |volume=84 |issue=3205 |pages=555–562, pls. 77–80 |url=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32837#page/649/mode/1up |doi=10.5479/si.00963801.84-3025.555}}</ref>
In 1935, J. F. Clark collected two specimens of a large branchiopod near [[Coulee City, Washington]]. These specimens were sent to James E. Lynch of the [[University of Washington]] in [[Seattle]], who visited sites between Coulee City and the [[Grand Coulee Dam]] in 1936, and discovered further specimens. Lynch [[alpha taxonomy|described the species]] as ''Branchinecta gigas'' in 1937.<ref>{{cite journal |author=James E. Lynch |year=1937 |title=A giant new species of fairy shrimp of the genus ''Branchinecta'' from the state of Washington |journal=[[Proceedings of the United States National Museum]] |volume=84 |issue=3205 |pages=555–562, pls. 77–80 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32837#page/649/mode/1up |doi=10.5479/si.00963801.84-3025.555}}</ref>
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}


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{{Reflist|32em}}
{{Reflist|32em}}


{{Taxonbar}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4020329}}


[[Category:Branchiopoda]]
[[Category:Branchiopoda]]
[[Category:Freshwater crustaceans of North America]]
[[Category:Freshwater crustaceans of North America]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1937]]
[[Category:Crustaceans described in 1937]]

Latest revision as of 22:24, 25 April 2024

Branchinecta gigas

Vulnerable  (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Branchiopoda
Order: Anostraca
Family: Branchinectidae
Genus: Branchinecta
Species:
B. gigas
Binomial name
Branchinecta gigas
Lynch, 1937

Branchinecta gigas is a species of fairy shrimp that lives in western Canada and the United States. It is the largest species of fairy shrimp, growing up to 86 mm (3.4 in) long. It is known commonly as the giant fairy shrimp.[1]

Description

[edit]

Females reach sexual maturity when they are 45–50 millimetres (1.8–2.0 in) long, and grow up to 86 mm (3.4 in) long; males reach only 66 mm (2.6 in).[3] Unpublished records exist of individuals up to 180 mm (7.1 in) long.[4] Despite being the largest species, B. gigas has the proportionally smallest eyes of any species in the family, and possibly in all Anostraca.[4]

Distribution

[edit]

Branchinecta gigas has been found in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Washington, Montana, Oregon, North Dakota, Utah, Nevada and California.[5] A related species, B. raptor, occurs in Idaho.[6]

Ecology and behaviour

[edit]

B. gigas lives in hypersaline lakes and rivers, with salinity ranging from 1.8‰ to 5.8‰.[5] These waters often have high turbidity (low visibility), and so B. gigas hunts by touch rather than by sight.[4] When feeding, B. gigas adopts a "hunting posture", with the body bent double. The animal swims dorsal side down, with the abdomen nearly parallel with the thorax, so that the sensitive antennae and caudal rami all extends forwards. The thoracic limbs are held wide open, ready to close on any prey which enters.[7] This response appears to be entirely by touch, which correlates with the turbidity of the waters where B. gigas and its prey live.[7] The prey taken by B. gigas is chiefly other species of fairy shrimp,[8] especially B. mackini,[4] although it also eats copepods, cladocerans and sometimes green algae.[6]

Taxonomy

[edit]

In 1935, J. F. Clark collected two specimens of a large branchiopod near Coulee City, Washington. These specimens were sent to James E. Lynch of the University of Washington in Seattle, who visited sites between Coulee City and the Grand Coulee Dam in 1936, and discovered further specimens. Lynch described the species as Branchinecta gigas in 1937.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Branchinecta gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T3041A9545649. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T3041A9545649.en. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  2. ^ Cordeiro, J. (2007). "Branchinecta gigas". NatureServe. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  3. ^ Graham R. Daborn (1975). "Life history and energy relations of the giant fairy shrimp Branchinecta gigas Lynch 1937 (Crustacea: Anostraca)". Ecology. 56 (5): 1025–1039. doi:10.2307/1936144. JSTOR 1936144.
  4. ^ a b c d Michel A. Boudrias & Jammieson Pires (2002). "Unusual sensory setae of the raptorial Branchinecta gigas (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)". Hydrobiologia. 486 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1023/A:1021317927643.
  5. ^ a b Ulrich Theodore Hammer (1986). "The plankton communities of saline lakes". Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. Volume 59 of Monographiae Biologicae. Springer. pp. 171–336. ISBN 978-90-6193-535-3.
  6. ^ a b D. Christopher Rogers; Dana L. Quinney; James Weaver & Jørgen Olesen (2006). "A new giant species of predatory fairy shrimp from Idaho, USA (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 26 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1651/C-2509.1.
  7. ^ a b G. E. White; G. Fabris & R. Hartland-Rowe (1969). "The method of prey capture by Branchinecta gigas Lynch, 1937 (Anostraca)". Crustaceana. 16 (2): 158–160. doi:10.1163/156854069X00411. JSTOR 20101576.
  8. ^ Geoffrey Fryer (1966). "Branchinecta gigas Lynch, a non-filter-feeding raptatory anostracan, with notes on the feeding habits of certain other anostracans". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 177 (1): 19–34. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1966.tb00948.x.
  9. ^ James E. Lynch (1937). "A giant new species of fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinecta from the state of Washington". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 84 (3205): 555–562, pls. 77–80. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.84-3025.555.
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