Spacenet: Difference between revisions
Correct name of CEO Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Update SES link(s) |
||
(15 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox company |
|||
{{Infobox company|area_served = [[North America]]|logo = |homepage = [http://www.spacenet.com/ Spacenet.com]|key_people = Daryl Woodard<br><small>([[CEO]])</small>|location = [[McLean, Virginia|McLean]], [[Virginia]], [[United States|U.S.]]|name = Spacenet, Inc.|parent = [[SageNet]]|type = [[Subsidiary]]|services = Wireline/Wireless Connectivity Options, Satellite Connectivity - Ka and Ku, Integrated Network Appliance – Prysm|fate=Acquired by [[SageNet]]}} |
|||
| area_served = [[North America]] |
|||
| logo = |
|||
| homepage = [http://www.spacenet.com/ Spacenet.com] |
|||
| key_people = Daryl Woodard<br><small>([[CEO]])</small> |
|||
| location = [[McLean, Virginia|McLean]], [[Virginia]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
|||
| name = Spacenet, Inc. |
|||
| parent = SageNet |
|||
| type = [[Subsidiary]] |
|||
| services = Wireline/Wireless Connectivity Options, Satellite Connectivity - Ka and Ku, Integrated Network Appliance – Prysm |
|||
| fate = Acquired by SageNet |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Spacenet, Inc.''' was a provider of [[Very-small-aperture terminal|VSAT]] satellite-based data network services as well as hybrid satellite/terrestrial networks and network management services. Spacenet was headquartered in |
Acquired by SageNet in 2014, '''Spacenet, Inc.''' was a provider of [[Very-small-aperture terminal|VSAT]] satellite-based data network services as well as hybrid satellite/terrestrial networks and network management services. Spacenet was headquartered in [[Tysons, Virginia|Tysons Corner]], [[Virginia]] in the [[United States]].<ref name="TysonsMap">"[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5179952&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on Tysons Corner CDP, Virginia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110181002/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/MapItDrawServlet?geo_id=16000US5179952&_bucket_id=50&tree_id=420&context=saff&_lang=en&_sse=on |date=2011-11-10 }}." ''[[United States Census Bureau]]''. Retrieved on May 7, 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://www.spacenet.com/contact/ Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527003818/http://www.spacenet.com/contact/ |date=2009-05-27 }}." ''Spacenet''. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.</ref> |
||
Spacenet's primary business was providing VSAT and hybrid/terrestrial data network services to government and enterprise customers under the Connexstar brand. Spacenet's enterprise/government VSAT services are used for a wide range of applications such as primary broadband or narrowband networks, disaster recovery/backup networks and multicast file delivery. Beginning in 2006, it partnered with [[Cisco Systems]] as the service provider for the [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6989/index.html Cisco IP VSAT Satellite Network WAN Module] in the United States. It held around 25% market share in the enterprise VSAT marketplace, according to the ''Comsys'' 2005 industry study. As of 2007, Spacenet equipment and services were in use at about 100,000 enterprise, government, residential and small office sites. |
Spacenet's primary business was providing VSAT and hybrid/terrestrial data network services to government and enterprise customers under the Connexstar brand. Spacenet's enterprise/government VSAT services are used for a wide range of applications such as primary broadband or narrowband networks, disaster recovery/backup networks and multicast file delivery. Beginning in 2006, it partnered with [[Cisco Systems]] as the service provider for the [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6989/index.html Cisco IP VSAT Satellite Network WAN Module] in the United States. It held around 25% market share in the enterprise VSAT marketplace, according to the ''Comsys'' 2005 industry study. As of 2007, Spacenet equipment and services were in use at about 100,000 enterprise, government, residential and small office sites. |
||
Line 8: | Line 19: | ||
The company was founded in 1981 as Southern Pacific Communications Corporation (SPCC), a sister company to [[Sprint Nextel Corporation|Sprint]], providing satellite links for voice connections. The company was acquired by [[GTE]] in 1983 and grew into a worldwide satellite operator and services provider (including launching the first North American [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]] satellite, Spacenet 1). It went through several acquisitions over the next 15 years, absorbing AT&T Tridom and Contel ASC. |
The company was founded in 1981 as Southern Pacific Communications Corporation (SPCC), a sister company to [[Sprint Nextel Corporation|Sprint]], providing satellite links for voice connections. The company was acquired by [[GTE]] in 1983 and grew into a worldwide satellite operator and services provider (including launching the first North American [[Ku band|K<sub>u</sub> band]] satellite, Spacenet 1). It went through several acquisitions over the next 15 years, absorbing AT&T Tridom and Contel ASC. |
||
GTE Spacenet was sold to [[General Electric]] American Communications in 1994.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Macrae|first1=Duncan|last2=Bulloch|first2=Chris|title=GE absorbs GTE|journal=Interavia Business & Technology|volume=50|number=586|date=January 1995|access-date=5 September 2015|page=43|via=EBSCOhost| |
GTE Spacenet was sold to [[General Electric]] American Communications in 1994.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Macrae|first1=Duncan|last2=Bulloch|first2=Chris|title=GE absorbs GTE|journal=Interavia Business & Technology|volume=50|number=586|date=January 1995|access-date=5 September 2015|page=43|via=EBSCOhost|url-access=subscription |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=9502034516&cpidlogin.asp?custid=s4132146&site=ehost-live}}</ref> AT&T sold the Tridom Corporation to Spacenet in 1997.<ref>{{cite news|title=GE Spacenet completes purchase of AT&T unit|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=2 July 1997|page=A7}}</ref> |
||
In 1998, GE Americom sold Spacenet's North American operations to VSAT terminal manufacturer [[Gilat Satellite Networks]] for $227.5 million in stock and spun the satellite assets off into GE Americom (which later became part of [[SES |
In 1998, GE Americom sold Spacenet's North American operations to VSAT terminal manufacturer [[Gilat Satellite Networks]] for $227.5 million in stock and spun the satellite assets off into GE Americom (which later became part of [[SES (company)|SES]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Company News; Gilat Satellite to Buy GE Spacenet Unit for $227 Million|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/29/business/company-news-gilat-satellite-to-buy-ge-spacenet-unit-for-227-million.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=29 September 1998|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
In March 2005, Gilat wholly acquired [[StarBand]], the first two-way consumer satellite ISP in the United States, and merged StarBand's operations into Spacenet.<ref>{{cite press|title=Gilat Announces Acquisition of Remaining Shares of StarBand Communications Inc., Plans to Merge the Operations of StarBand into Gilat's Spacenet Subsidiary|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050307005542/en/Gilat-Announces-Acquisition-Remaining-Shares-StarBand-Communications|date=7 March 2005|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
In March 2005, Gilat wholly acquired [[StarBand]], the first two-way consumer satellite ISP in the United States, and merged StarBand's operations into Spacenet.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Gilat Announces Acquisition of Remaining Shares of StarBand Communications Inc., Plans to Merge the Operations of StarBand into Gilat's Spacenet Subsidiary|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050307005542/en/Gilat-Announces-Acquisition-Remaining-Shares-StarBand-Communications|date=7 March 2005|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
Andreas Georghiou became CEO of Spacenet the following year, in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Adler|first=Neil|title=Spacenet names new CEO|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2006/07/24/daily26.html|publisher=The Washington Business Journal|date=25 July 2006|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Under Georghiou, Spacenet acquired [[Chantilly, Virginia]]-based managed network services provider CICAT Networks in 2011.<ref>{{cite press|title=Spacenet Acquires CICAT Networks|url=http://www.sagenet.com/About-Us/Press-Media/Press-Releases/id/59/archive/true|location=McLean, Virginia|date=18 April 2011|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
Andreas Georghiou became CEO of Spacenet the following year, in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last=Adler|first=Neil|title=Spacenet names new CEO|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2006/07/24/daily26.html|publisher=The Washington Business Journal|date=25 July 2006|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Under Georghiou, Spacenet acquired [[Chantilly, Virginia]]-based managed network services provider CICAT Networks in 2011.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Spacenet Acquires CICAT Networks|url=http://www.sagenet.com/About-Us/Press-Media/Press-Releases/id/59/archive/true|location=McLean, Virginia|date=18 April 2011|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
In 2012, president and chief operating officer Glenn Katz became CEO of Spacenet, replacing Andreas Georghiou.<ref>{{cite news|last=Echols|first=Tucker|title=Spacenet names Glenn Katz CEO|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2011/11/28/spacenet-names-katz-ceo.html|publisher=Washington Business Journal|date=28 November 2011|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
In 2012, president and chief operating officer Glenn Katz became CEO of Spacenet, replacing Andreas Georghiou.<ref>{{cite news|last=Echols|first=Tucker|title=Spacenet names Glenn Katz CEO|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2011/11/28/spacenet-names-katz-ceo.html|publisher=Washington Business Journal|date=28 November 2011|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
Following a loss of $2 million on $77 million in revenues in 2012 and faced with uncertainty about future spending by the U.S. Department of Defense, Gilat Satellite Networks sold Spacenet Inc. to Tulsa, Oklahoma-based managed network solutions provider [[SageNet]] for $16 million in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|title=After Disappointing Quarter, Gilat Sells Spacenet Business|url=http://spacenews.com/36881after-disappointing-quarter-gilat-sells-spacenet-business/|publisher=SpaceNews|date=21 August 2013|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press|title=SageNet Expands with Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet®|url=http://www.sagenet.com/About-Us/Press-Media/Press-Releases/id/29|location=Tulsa, Oklahoma|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press|title=SageNet Completes Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet|url=http://www.sagenet.com/support/blog/sagenet-completes-acquisition-of-washington-dc-area-based-spacenet-133|location=Tulsa, Oklahoma|date=3 December 2013|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Barney2014>{{cite news|last=Barney|first=Doug|title=Comings and Goings: SageNet Reshuffles after Spacenet Buy|url=http://www.msptoday.com/topics/msp-today/articles/365654-comings-goings-sagenet-reshuffles-after-spacenet-buy.htm|publisher=MSP Today|date=7 January 2014|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
Following a loss of $2 million on $77 million in revenues in 2012 and faced with uncertainty about future spending by the U.S. Department of Defense, Gilat Satellite Networks sold Spacenet Inc. to Tulsa, Oklahoma-based managed network solutions provider [[SageNet]] for $16 million in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|title=After Disappointing Quarter, Gilat Sells Spacenet Business|url=http://spacenews.com/36881after-disappointing-quarter-gilat-sells-spacenet-business/|publisher=SpaceNews|date=21 August 2013|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=SageNet Expands with Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet®|url=http://www.sagenet.com/About-Us/Press-Media/Press-Releases/id/29|location=Tulsa, Oklahoma|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=SageNet Completes Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet|url=http://www.sagenet.com/support/blog/sagenet-completes-acquisition-of-washington-dc-area-based-spacenet-133|location=Tulsa, Oklahoma|date=3 December 2013|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=Barney2014>{{cite news|last=Barney|first=Doug|title=Comings and Goings: SageNet Reshuffles after Spacenet Buy|url=http://www.msptoday.com/topics/msp-today/articles/365654-comings-goings-sagenet-reshuffles-after-spacenet-buy.htm|publisher=MSP Today|date=7 January 2014|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
||
SageNet CEO Daryl Woodard replaced Glenn Katz as CEO of the new combined company in 2014, with Brad Wise becoming president |
SageNet CEO Daryl Woodard replaced Glenn Katz as CEO of the new combined company in 2014, with Brad Wise becoming president.<ref name=Barney2014 /><ref>{{cite press release|title=SageNet and Spacenet Announce Executive Management Changes|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140106006323/en/SageNet-Spacenet-Announce-Executive-Management|location=Tulsa, Oklahoma|date=6 January 2014|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> Spacenet was wholly absorbed into SageNet by the end of 2014 and became solely a brand name for SageNet's satellite services.<ref>{{Cite web|title = SageNet/Spacenet Unveils New Brand Identity|url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20141112005005/en/SageNetSpacenet-Unveils-Brand-Identity|website = BusinessWire|accessdate = 9 September 2015|date = 12 November 2014|location = Tulsa, Oklahoma}}</ref> |
||
== Satellite fleet == |
|||
In 2015, SageNet unexpectedly failed to renew its lease on the 137,000 square foot office building in McLean that housed its Washington, DC area operations which it had inherited from Spacenet, forcing landlord Matan Cos. to send the $30.5 million loan to special servicing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morphy|first=Erika|title=A Tenant's Unexpected Departure Nudges Loan into Foreclosure|url=http://www.globest.com/news/12_1188/washington/office/A-Tenants-Unexpected-Departure-Nudges-Loan-into-Foreclosure-361308-1.html|work=GlobeSt.com|date=2 September 2015|access-date=5 September 2015}}</ref> |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
!Satellite |
|||
!Manufacturer |
|||
!Launch date |
|||
!Launch vehicle |
|||
!Status |
|||
!comments |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Chinasat|Spacenet 1]] |
|||
|[[RCA Astro]] |
|||
|May 23 , 1984 |
|||
|[[Ariane 1]] (L9) |
|||
|Inactive |
|||
|Also known as ZX-5 and Chinasat 5<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spacenet-1.htm|title=Spacenet 1, 2, 3, 3R / ZX 5, 5R (ChinaSat 5, 5R)|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Chinasat|Spacenet 2]] |
|||
|[[RCA Astro]] |
|||
|November 10, 1984 |
|||
|[[Ariane 3]] (V11) |
|||
|Inactive |
|||
|Also known as ZX-5 and Chinasat 5R<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Spacenet 3]] |
|||
|[[RCA Astro]] |
|||
|September 12, 1985 |
|||
|[[Ariane 3]] (V15) |
|||
| - |
|||
|Failed <ref name=":0" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Spacenet 3R]] |
|||
|[[RCA Astro]] |
|||
|March 11, 1988 |
|||
|[[Ariane 3]] (V21) |
|||
|Inactive |
|||
|<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Spacenet 4]] |
|||
|[[RCA Astro|RCA Astro/GE Astro]] |
|||
|April 13, 1991 |
|||
|[[Delta (família de foguetes)|Delta 7125]] |
|||
|Inactive |
|||
|Previously AmerSat 2 e ASC-2<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/asc-1.htm|title=ASC 1, 2 / Spacenet 4|website=space.skyrocket.de|access-date=2020-01-19}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Line 31: | Line 99: | ||
* [http://www.spacenet.com/about/history/ Spacenet history] |
* [http://www.spacenet.com/about/history/ Spacenet history] |
||
* [http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spacenet-1.htm Spacenet 1-3 satellites] |
* [http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spacenet-1.htm Spacenet 1-3 satellites] |
||
* [http://www.astronautix.com/project/gte.htm GTE Spacenet satellites] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020505004102/http://www.astronautix.com/project/gte.htm GTE Spacenet satellites] |
||
⚫ | |||
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States]] |
[[Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States]] |
||
[[Category:Companies |
[[Category:Companies based in McLean, Virginia]] |
||
[[Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1981]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
[[Category:2014 mergers and acquisitions]] |
Latest revision as of 23:33, 25 April 2024
Company type | Subsidiary |
---|---|
Fate | Acquired by SageNet |
Headquarters | McLean, Virginia, U.S. |
Area served | North America |
Key people | Daryl Woodard (CEO) |
Services | Wireline/Wireless Connectivity Options, Satellite Connectivity - Ka and Ku, Integrated Network Appliance – Prysm |
Parent | SageNet |
Website | Spacenet.com |
Acquired by SageNet in 2014, Spacenet, Inc. was a provider of VSAT satellite-based data network services as well as hybrid satellite/terrestrial networks and network management services. Spacenet was headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia in the United States.[1][2]
Spacenet's primary business was providing VSAT and hybrid/terrestrial data network services to government and enterprise customers under the Connexstar brand. Spacenet's enterprise/government VSAT services are used for a wide range of applications such as primary broadband or narrowband networks, disaster recovery/backup networks and multicast file delivery. Beginning in 2006, it partnered with Cisco Systems as the service provider for the Cisco IP VSAT Satellite Network WAN Module in the United States. It held around 25% market share in the enterprise VSAT marketplace, according to the Comsys 2005 industry study. As of 2007, Spacenet equipment and services were in use at about 100,000 enterprise, government, residential and small office sites.
History
[edit]The company was founded in 1981 as Southern Pacific Communications Corporation (SPCC), a sister company to Sprint, providing satellite links for voice connections. The company was acquired by GTE in 1983 and grew into a worldwide satellite operator and services provider (including launching the first North American Ku band satellite, Spacenet 1). It went through several acquisitions over the next 15 years, absorbing AT&T Tridom and Contel ASC.
GTE Spacenet was sold to General Electric American Communications in 1994.[3] AT&T sold the Tridom Corporation to Spacenet in 1997.[4]
In 1998, GE Americom sold Spacenet's North American operations to VSAT terminal manufacturer Gilat Satellite Networks for $227.5 million in stock and spun the satellite assets off into GE Americom (which later became part of SES).[5]
In March 2005, Gilat wholly acquired StarBand, the first two-way consumer satellite ISP in the United States, and merged StarBand's operations into Spacenet.[6]
Andreas Georghiou became CEO of Spacenet the following year, in 2006.[7] Under Georghiou, Spacenet acquired Chantilly, Virginia-based managed network services provider CICAT Networks in 2011.[8]
In 2012, president and chief operating officer Glenn Katz became CEO of Spacenet, replacing Andreas Georghiou.[9]
Following a loss of $2 million on $77 million in revenues in 2012 and faced with uncertainty about future spending by the U.S. Department of Defense, Gilat Satellite Networks sold Spacenet Inc. to Tulsa, Oklahoma-based managed network solutions provider SageNet for $16 million in 2013.[10][11][12][13]
SageNet CEO Daryl Woodard replaced Glenn Katz as CEO of the new combined company in 2014, with Brad Wise becoming president.[13][14] Spacenet was wholly absorbed into SageNet by the end of 2014 and became solely a brand name for SageNet's satellite services.[15]
Satellite fleet
[edit]Satellite | Manufacturer | Launch date | Launch vehicle | Status | comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spacenet 1 | RCA Astro | May 23 , 1984 | Ariane 1 (L9) | Inactive | Also known as ZX-5 and Chinasat 5[16] |
Spacenet 2 | RCA Astro | November 10, 1984 | Ariane 3 (V11) | Inactive | Also known as ZX-5 and Chinasat 5R[16] |
Spacenet 3 | RCA Astro | September 12, 1985 | Ariane 3 (V15) | - | Failed [16] |
Spacenet 3R | RCA Astro | March 11, 1988 | Ariane 3 (V21) | Inactive | [16] |
Spacenet 4 | RCA Astro/GE Astro | April 13, 1991 | Delta 7125 | Inactive | Previously AmerSat 2 e ASC-2[17] |
References
[edit]- ^ "Tysons Corner CDP, Virginia Archived 2011-11-10 at the Wayback Machine." United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 7, 2009.
- ^ "Contact Us Archived 2009-05-27 at the Wayback Machine." Spacenet. Retrieved on May 12, 2009.
- ^ Macrae, Duncan; Bulloch, Chris (January 1995). "GE absorbs GTE". Interavia Business & Technology. 50 (586): 43. Retrieved 5 September 2015 – via EBSCOhost.
- ^ "GE Spacenet completes purchase of AT&T unit". The Wall Street Journal. 2 July 1997. p. A7.
- ^ "Company News; Gilat Satellite to Buy GE Spacenet Unit for $227 Million". The New York Times. 29 September 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Gilat Announces Acquisition of Remaining Shares of StarBand Communications Inc., Plans to Merge the Operations of StarBand into Gilat's Spacenet Subsidiary" (Press release). 7 March 2005. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Adler, Neil (25 July 2006). "Spacenet names new CEO". The Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "Spacenet Acquires CICAT Networks" (Press release). McLean, Virginia. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ Echols, Tucker (28 November 2011). "Spacenet names Glenn Katz CEO". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ de Selding, Peter B. (21 August 2013). "After Disappointing Quarter, Gilat Sells Spacenet Business". SpaceNews. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "SageNet Expands with Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet®" (Press release). Tulsa, Oklahoma. 20 August 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "SageNet Completes Acquisition of Washington D.C. area-based Spacenet" (Press release). Tulsa, Oklahoma. 3 December 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ a b Barney, Doug (7 January 2014). "Comings and Goings: SageNet Reshuffles after Spacenet Buy". MSP Today. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "SageNet and Spacenet Announce Executive Management Changes" (Press release). Tulsa, Oklahoma. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
- ^ "SageNet/Spacenet Unveils New Brand Identity". BusinessWire. Tulsa, Oklahoma. 12 November 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Spacenet 1, 2, 3, 3R / ZX 5, 5R (ChinaSat 5, 5R)". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
- ^ "ASC 1, 2 / Spacenet 4". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2020-01-19.