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A cortijo is a type of traditional rural dwelling (akin to the German Bauernhof, also known as a farmhouse in English)^[1] in the southern half of Spain, including all of Andalusia and parts of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha.^[2]

Cortijos may have their origins in ancient Roman villas, for the word is derived from the Latin cohorticulum, a diminutive of cohors, meaning 'courtyard' or inner enclosure.^[3] They are often isolated structures associated with a large family farming or livestock operation in the vast and empty adjoining lands.^[4]

Description

A cortijo would usually include a large house, together with accessory buildings such as workers' quarters, sheds to house livestock, granaries, oil mills, barns and often a wall limiting the enclosure where there were no buildings surrounding it.^[4] It was also common for isolated cortijos to include a small chapel.

In mountain areas, rough stone was often used for wall construction and ashlar for corners, doorways, windows and arches. In ancient cortijos, mud or slaked lime were used as mortar. However, the traditional materials were replaced by cement and brick construction in more recent ones. In places where stone was hard to come by, adobe was more common as a construction material. Usually cortijos were whitewashed. Roofs were built with wooden beam structures and covered with red ceramic roof tiles.^[4]

The master of the cortijo or "señorito" would usually live with his family in a two-story building when visiting, while the accessory structures were for the labourers and their families —also known as "cortijeros".^[2] The latter buildings were usually of more simple construction.^[5]

The cortijo as a habitat is surrounded by cultivated lands, such as olive trees or other kind of agricultural exploitation. In certain desolate areas of the southern Central Meseta, Extremadura and Sierra Morena, a cortijo would be the only inhabited center for many miles around. Thus, most of them were self-sufficient units, as far as that was possible.^[4]

Many cortijos became deserted following General Franco's Plan de Estabilización and the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices by the local youth, including the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.^[6]

Famous cortijos

Cortijo de Arroyovil, where Francisco Franco used to overnight when hunting the red-legged partridge, near to Mancha Real.^[7]
Cortijo de Miraflores, a historical building in Marbella.^[8]
Cortijo Jurado, near Campanillas; reputed to be haunted.^[9]
Cortijo de las Mezquitas, located between Antequera, Campillos and Sierra de Yeguas.^[10]
Cortijo de Alventu, located near río Guadalquivir.^[11]
Cortijo Bacardí, located in Málaga^[12]
Cortijo del Fraile, in Níjar municipality, famous for the crime carried out there.^[13]
Cortijo de Aparicio el Grande
Cortijo Cañaveral de los Frailes
Cortijo del Búho in Riópar, Albacete Province^[14]
El Cortijo, a famous nightclub in Barcelona in former times^{[citation needed]}
Casa Zaldívar, a cortijo in Casas de Don Pedro that became a Francoist concentration camp where Spanish Republican military personnel were interned and where many were shot^[15] at the time of the Spanish Civil War.^[16]
Cortijo del Enjembraero, located in Helechal, Benquerencia de la Serena municipality, where four political prisoners: Sinesio Calderón, Antonio Cortés, Antonio Iglesias and Manuel Merinot were executed extrajudicially on 1 February 1949 accused by the Francoist authorities of assisting the Spanish Maquis.^[17]^[18]
Cortijo del Carmen and cortijo de San Patricio, in Gádor, where the crime of Gádor was carried out.^[19]^[20]

References

^ Clark, Walter Aaron (13 June 2018). Los Romeros: Royal Family of the Spanish Guitar. University of Illinois Press. p. 353. ISBN 9780252050596. cortijo, or farmhouse (cortijo is a word common to Andalusia and Extremadura and means the same thing as finca in Castilian)
^ ^a ^b Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, Vocabulario Andaluz, El Mundo-Unidad Editorial, Barcelona 1999, p. 173
^ Manuel-Antonio Marcos Casquero, Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua Latina: edición bilingüe, Anthropos Editorial, 1990, ISBN 8476582382, pg. 69.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Antonio López Ontiveros et al. Geografía de Andalucía, Ed. Ariel, Barcelona 2003 ISBN 84-344-3476-8
^ Gemma Florido Trujillo: Poblamiento y hábitat rural: Caracterización, evolución y situación actual, p. 337
^ Xavier Tafunell, (2004). Historia económica de la España contemporánea. Crítica. ISBN 8484325024
^ del Arco, Carmen (4 February 2001). "Visitas a un trozo de historia". El País (in Spanish). Jaén: Prisa. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
^ Blanco Almenta, Rafael (1998). Jardines históricos y parques actuales de Andalucía. Editorial Arguval. pp. 243–244. ISBN 9788489672307.
^ Requena, Ester (7 March 2015). "La verdadera historia del Cortijo Jurado". Diario Sur (in Spanish). Vocento. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
^ "Decreto 535/2008, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se inscribe en el Catálogo General del Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz como Bien de Interés Cultural, con la tipología de Monumento, el Cortijo de las Mezquitas, en los términos municipales de Antequera, Campillos y Sierra de Yeguas (Málaga)". Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía (in Spanish) (258): 47–50. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
^ Cortijos, haciendas y lagares. Arquitectura de las grandes explotaciones agrarias en Andalucía. Provincia de Cádiz (in Spanish). Junta de Andalucía. 2002. p. 282. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ "Catálogo de edificios protegidos - Campanillas-Guadalhorce" (PDF). Ayuntamiento de Málaga (in Spanish): 201. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
^ Rodríguez Linares, Emilio (5 March 2015). Campos de Níjar. Cincuenta años después (1959-2009). Ruiz de Aloza. p. 23.
^ Provansal, Danielle; Molina, Pedro (1991). Etnología de Andalucía oriental: Parentesco, agricultura y pesca. Vol. 1. Anthropos Editorial. p. 166. ISBN 9788476582817.
^ Barrero Arzac, Fernando (27 December 2013). "Campo de Concentración de Casa Zaldívar: fusilamientos del 15 de mayo de 1939" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Barrero Arzac, Fernando (21 February 2015). "Historia y tragedia de la 109ª BM en el campo de Zaldívar (Badajoz)". WordPress. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
^ Serrano Fernández, Secundino (2011). Maquis. Historia de la guerrilla antifranquista. Madrid: Temas de hoy. p. 242. ISBN 978-84-8460-103-6.
^ Vila Izquierdo, Justo; Álvarez, Santiago; Hinojosa, José; Sandoval, José (1 January 2003). La guerrilla antifranquista en Extremadura. El movimiento guerrillero de los años 40. Barcelona: Universitas. p. 105. ISBN 84-87098-39-8.
^ Pino, Eduardo (8 October 2018). "El 'tonto' del crimen de Gádor". La Voz de Almería (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2019.
^ Domínguez, Mari Pau (19 November 2017). "El crimen de Gádor o la inconcebible crueldad humana". ABC (in Spanish). Vocento. Retrieved 14 September 2019.

External links

Media related to Cortijos at Wikimedia Commons
Cortijos, haciendas y lagares de Andalucía. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico

[1] Clark, Walter Aaron (13 June 2018). Los Romeros: Royal Family of the Spanish Guitar. University of Illinois Press. p. 353. ISBN 9780252050596. cortijo, or farmhouse (cortijo is a word common to Andalusia and Extremadura and means the same thing as finca in Castilian)

[Antonio_Alcalá-2] Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, Vocabulario Andaluz, El Mundo-Unidad Editorial, Barcelona 1999, p. 173

[3] Manuel-Antonio Marcos Casquero, Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua Latina: edición bilingüe, Anthropos Editorial, 1990, ISBN 8476582382, pg. 69.

[Antonio_López-4] Antonio López Ontiveros et al. Geografía de Andalucía, Ed. Ariel, Barcelona 2003 ISBN 84-344-3476-8

[5] Gemma Florido Trujillo: Poblamiento y hábitat rural: Caracterización, evolución y situación actual, p. 337

[6] Xavier Tafunell, (2004). Historia económica de la España contemporánea. Crítica. ISBN 8484325024

[7] Arco, Carmen (4 February 2001). "Visitas a un trozo de historia". El País (in Spanish). Jaén: Prisa. Retrieved 14 September 2019.

[8] Blanco Almenta, Rafael (1998). Jardines históricos y parques actuales de Andalucía. Editorial Arguval. pp. 243–244. ISBN 9788489672307.

[9] Requena, Ester (7 March 2015). "La verdadera historia del Cortijo Jurado". Diario Sur (in Spanish). Vocento. Retrieved 26 November 2017.

[10] "Decreto 535/2008, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se inscribe en el Catálogo General del Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz como Bien de Interés Cultural, con la tipología de Monumento, el Cortijo de las Mezquitas, en los términos municipales de Antequera, Campillos y Sierra de Yeguas (Málaga)". Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía (in Spanish) (258): 47–50. 30 December 2008. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

[11] Cortijos, haciendas y lagares. Arquitectura de las grandes explotaciones agrarias en Andalucía. Provincia de Cádiz (in Spanish). Junta de Andalucía. 2002. p. 282. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[12] "Catálogo de edificios protegidos - Campanillas-Guadalhorce" (PDF). Ayuntamiento de Málaga (in Spanish): 201. Retrieved 27 December 2019.

[13] Rodríguez Linares, Emilio (5 March 2015). Campos de Níjar. Cincuenta años después (1959-2009). Ruiz de Aloza. p. 23.

[14] Provansal, Danielle; Molina, Pedro (1991). Etnología de Andalucía oriental: Parentesco, agricultura y pesca. Vol. 1. Anthropos Editorial. p. 166. ISBN 9788476582817.

[CZFusilamientos-15] Barrero Arzac, Fernando (27 December 2013). "Campo de Concentración de Casa Zaldívar: fusilamientos del 15 de mayo de 1939" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[16] Barrero Arzac, Fernando (21 February 2015). "Historia y tragedia de la 109ª BM en el campo de Zaldívar (Badajoz)". WordPress. Retrieved 14 September 2019.

[17] Serrano Fernández, Secundino (2011). Maquis. Historia de la guerrilla antifranquista. Madrid: Temas de hoy. p. 242. ISBN 978-84-8460-103-6.

[18] Vila Izquierdo, Justo; Álvarez, Santiago; Hinojosa, José; Sandoval, José (1 January 2003). La guerrilla antifranquista en Extremadura. El movimiento guerrillero de los años 40. Barcelona: Universitas. p. 105. ISBN 84-87098-39-8.

[19] Pino, Eduardo (8 October 2018). "El 'tonto' del crimen de Gádor". La Voz de Almería (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 September 2019.

[20] Domínguez, Mari Pau (19 November 2017). "El crimen de Gádor o la inconcebible crueldad humana". ABC (in Spanish). Vocento. Retrieved 14 September 2019.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Spanish traditional rural dwelling}}
-{{italictitle}}
+{{For|the musician|Rafael Cortijo}}
-[[File:Cortijo en Píñar II.JPG|thumb|right|300px|An isolated ''cortijo'' near [[Píñar]], [[Granada province]], Spain.]]
+{{Italic title}}
-A '''''cortijo''''' is a type of traditional rural habitat in the Southern half of [[Spain]], including all of [[Andalusia]] and parts of [[Extremadura]] and [[Castile-La Mancha]].<ref name="Antonio Alcalá">Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, ''Vocabulario Andaluz'', El Mundo-Unidad Editorial, Barcelona 1999, p. 173</ref>
+[[File:Cortijo en Píñar II.JPG|thumb|right|300px|An isolated small ''cortijo'' near [[Píñar]], [[Granada province]], Spain.]]
+A '''''cortijo''''' is a type of traditional rural dwelling (akin to the [[Germany|German]] ''Bauernhof'', also known as a [[farmhouse]] in English)<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZ5iDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT353 |title=Los Romeros: Royal Family of the Spanish Guitar |first=Walter Aaron |last=Clark |publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] |date=13 June 2018 |page=353 |isbn=9780252050596 |quote=cortijo, or farmhouse (cortijo is a word common to Andalusia and Extremadura and means the same thing as finca in Castilian)}}</ref> in the southern half of [[Spain]], including all of [[Andalusia]] and parts of [[Extremadura]] and [[Castile-La Mancha]].<ref name="Antonio Alcalá">Antonio Alcalá Venceslada, ''Vocabulario Andaluz'', El Mundo-Unidad Editorial, Barcelona 1999, p. 173</ref>
+''Cortijos'' may have their origins in ancient [[Roman villa]]s, for the word is derived from the [[Latin]] ''cohorticulum'', a diminutive of ''cohors'', meaning '[[courtyard]]' or inner enclosure.<ref>Manuel-Antonio Marcos Casquero, ''[[Marcus Terentius Varro]]'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ZtTmVphxkC&dq=cohors+patio&pg=PA69 ''De lingua Latina'': edición bilingüe], Anthropos Editorial, 1990, {{ISBN|8476582382}}, pg. 69.</ref> They are often isolated structures associated with a large family farming or [[livestock]] operation in the vast and empty adjoining lands.<ref name="Antonio López"/>
-''Cortijos'' may have their origins in ancient [[Roman villa]]s, for the word is derived from the [[Latin]] ''cohorticulum'', a diminutive of ''cohors'', meaning '[[courtyard]]'.<ref>Manuel-Antonio Marcos Casquero, ''[[Marcus Terentius Varro]]'', [http://books.google.es/books?id=R0ZtTmVphxkC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=cohors+patio&source=bl&ots=ast7Xo4Gub&sig=2-BoFkv-MKthXcA8xJOPVkTOcNs&hl=es&ei=mfjdTtS4LcKk-gas2YiqDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=cohors%20patio&f=false ''De lingua Latina'': edición bilingüe], Anthropos Editorial, 1990, ISBN 8476582382, pg. 69.</ref> They are often isolated structures associated with a large family farming or [[livestock]] operation in the vast and empty adjoining lands.<ref name="Antonio López"/>
 ==Description==
 [[File:IMG 5008. Ruinas del Cortijo de las Lagunas.jpg|thumb|right|270px|Ruins of an abandoned ''cortijo'' in the [[Archidona]] municipal term, [[Málaga Province]].]]
-A ''cortijo'' would usually include a large house, together with accessory buildings such as workers' quarters, sheds to house livestock, granaries, [[oil mill]]s, barns and often a wall enclosing a courtyard.<ref name="Antonio López">Antonio López Ontiveros et al. ''Geografía de Andalucía'', Ed. Ariel, Barcelona 2003  ISBN 84-344-3476-8</ref> It was also common for isolated ''cortijos'' to include a small [[chapel]].
+A ''cortijo'' would usually include a large house, together with accessory buildings such as workers' quarters, sheds to house livestock, granaries, [[oil mill]]s, barns and often a wall limiting the enclosure where there were no buildings surrounding it.<ref name="Antonio López">Antonio López Ontiveros et al. ''Geografía de Andalucía'', Ed. Ariel, Barcelona 2003  {{ISBN|84-344-3476-8}}</ref> It was also common for isolated ''cortijos'' to include a small [[chapel]].
-In mountain areas, rough [[stone]] was often used for wall construction and [[ashlar]] for corners, doorways, windows and arches. In ancient ''cortijos'', [[mud]] or [[slaked lime]] were used as [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]]. However, the traditional materials were replaced by [[cement]] and brick construction in more recent ones. In places where stone was hard to come by, adobe was more common as a construction material. Usually ''cortijos'' were [[whitewashed]].
+In mountain areas, rough [[stone]] was often used for wall construction and [[ashlar]] for corners, doorways, windows and arches. In ancient ''cortijos'', [[mud]] or [[slaked lime]] were used as [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]]. However, the traditional materials were replaced by [[cement]] and brick construction in more recent ones. In places where stone was hard to come by, adobe was more common as a construction material. Usually ''cortijos'' were [[whitewash]]ed.
-Roofs were built with wooden [[Beam (structure)|beam]] structures and covered with red ceramic [[roof tile]]s.<ref name="Antonio López">[[Antonio López Ontiveros]] et al. ''Geografía de Andalucía'' , Ed. Ariel, Barcelona 2003 . ISBN 84-344-3476-8</ref>
+Roofs were built with wooden [[Beam (structure)|beam]] structures and covered with red ceramic [[roof tile]]s.<ref name="Antonio López"/>
-The master of the ''cortijo'' or ''"señorito"'' would usually live with his family in a two story building, while the accessory structures were for the labourers and their families —also known as ''"cortijeros"''.<ref name="Antonio Alcalá"/> The latter buildings were usually of more simple construction.<ref>Gemma Florido Trujillo: ''Poblamiento y hábitat rural: Caracterización, evolución y situación actual'', p. 337</ref>
+The master of the ''cortijo'' or ''"señorito"'' would usually live with his family in a two-story building when visiting, while the accessory structures were for the labourers and their families —also known as ''"cortijeros"''.<ref name="Antonio Alcalá"/> The latter buildings were usually of more simple construction.<ref>Gemma Florido Trujillo: ''Poblamiento y hábitat rural: Caracterización, evolución y situación actual'', p. 337</ref>
 The ''cortijo'' as a habitat is surrounded by cultivated lands, such as [[olive]] trees or other kind of agricultural exploitation. In certain desolate areas of the southern [[Central Meseta]], [[Extremadura]] and [[Sierra Morena]], a ''cortijo'' would be the only inhabited center for many miles around. Thus, most of them were self-sufficient units, as far as that was possible.<ref name="Antonio López"/>
-Many ''cortijos'' became deserted following [[General Franco]]'s ''[[Plan de Estabilización]]'' and the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices by the local youth, including the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.<ref>Xavier Tafunell, (2004). ''Historia económica de la España contemporánea''. Crítica. ISBN 8484325024</ref>
+Many ''cortijos'' became deserted following [[General Franco]]'s ''[[Plan de Estabilización]]'' and the abandonment of traditional agricultural practices by the local youth, including the lifestyle changes that swept over rural Spain during the second half of the 20th century.<ref>Xavier Tafunell, (2004). ''Historia económica de la España contemporánea''. Crítica. {{ISBN|8484325024}}</ref>
 ==Famous ''cortijos''==
 [[File:El Cortijo del Fraile.jpg|thumb|View of the chapel of the [[Cortijo del Fraile]].]]
+*[[Cortijo de Arroyovil]], where [[Francisco Franco]] used to overnight when hunting the red-legged partridge, near to [[Mancha Real]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://elpais.com/diario/2001/02/04/andalucia/981242535_850215.html |title=Visitas a un trozo de historia |first=Carmen |last=del Arco |date=4 February 2001 |access-date=14 September 2019 |location=Jaén |newspaper=[[El País]] |publisher=[[Prisa]] |language=es}}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo de Miraflores]], a historical building in [[Marbella]].
+*[[Cortijo de Miraflores]], a historical building in [[Marbella]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwhIAAAAYAAJ&q=Cortijo+de+Miraflores |title=Jardines históricos y parques actuales de Andalucía |first=Rafael |last=Blanco Almenta |publisher=Editorial Arguval |year=1998 |pages=243–244|isbn=9788489672307 }}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo Jurado]], near [[Campanillas]]; reputed to be [[haunted house|haunted]].
+*[[Cortijo Jurado]], near [[Campanillas]]; reputed to be [[haunted house|haunted]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=La verdadera historia del Cortijo Jurado |url=http://www.diariosur.es/malaga-capital/201503/07/verdadera-histora-cortijo-jurado-20150306222014.html |date=7 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2017 |newspaper=[[Diario Sur]] |language=es |first=Ester |last=Requena |publisher=[[Vocento]]}}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo de las Mezquitas]]
+*[[Cortijo de las Mezquitas]], located between [[Antequera]], [[Campillos]] and [[Sierra de Yeguas]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/boja/2008/258/13 |title=Decreto 535/2008, de 22 de diciembre, por el que se inscribe en el Catálogo General del Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz como Bien de Interés Cultural, con la tipología de Monumento, el Cortijo de las Mezquitas, en los términos municipales de Antequera, Campillos y Sierra de Yeguas (Málaga). |journal=[[Boletín Oficial de la Junta de Andalucía]] |issue=258 |date=30 December 2008 |access-date=27 December 2019 |language=es |pages=47–50}}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo de Alventu]]
+*[[Cortijo de Alventu]], located near [[río Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://ws147.juntadeandalucia.es/obraspublicasyvivienda/publicaciones/01%20ARQUITECTURA%20Y%20VIVIENDA/cortijos_haciendas_y_lagares_en_andalucia/cortijos_haciendas_cadiz/libro_electronico/files/assets/basic-html/index.html#282 |title=Cortijos, haciendas y lagares. Arquitectura de las grandes explotaciones agrarias en Andalucía. Provincia de Cádiz |page=282 |work=Consejería de Fomento y Vivienda |publisher=[[Junta de Andalucía]] |language=es |year=2002}}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo Bacardí]]
+*[[Cortijo Bacardí]], located in Málaga<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://plangeneral.malaga.eu/pgouap/recursos/pdfs/DOCUMENTO%20D.%20CATALOGOS/ZONA%20H.pdf |title=Catálogo de edificios protegidos - Campanillas-Guadalhorce |access-date=27 December 2019 |journal=[[Ayuntamiento de Málaga]] |language=es |page=201}}</ref>
-*[[Cortijo del Fraile]], in [[Níjar]] municipality.
+*[[Cortijo del Fraile]], in [[Níjar]] municipality, famous for the crime carried out there.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyEzDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 |title=Campos de Níjar. Cincuenta años después (1959-2009) |first=Emilio |last=Rodríguez Linares |publisher=Ruiz de Aloza |date=5 March 2015 |page=23}}</ref>
 *[[Cortijo de Aparicio el Grande]]
+*[[Cortijo Cañaveral de los Frailes]]
+*[[Cortijo del Búho]] in [[Riópar]], [[Albacete Province]]<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3WiUAp0v10C&pg=PA166 |title=Etnología de Andalucía oriental: Parentesco, agricultura y pesca |volume=1 |first1=Danielle |last1=Provansal |first2=Pedro |last2=Molina |publisher=Anthropos Editorial |year=1991 |page=166 |isbn=9788476582817}}</ref>
+*[[El Cortijo, Barcelona|El Cortijo]], a famous [[nightclub]] in Barcelona in former times{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
+*[[Casa Zaldívar]], a ''cortijo'' in [[Casas de Don Pedro]] that became a [[Francoist]] [[concentration camp]]  where [[Spanish Republican Army|Spanish Republican]] military personnel were interned and where many were shot<ref name="CZFusilamientos">{{cite journal |last=Barrero Arzac |first=Fernando |date=27 December 2013 |title=Campo de Concentración de Casa Zaldívar: fusilamientos del 15 de mayo de 1939 |url=https://kittenproperties.com/blog/history/campo_concentracion_zaldivar_fusilamientos_15_mayo_1939.pdf |journal=}}</ref> at the time of the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://fbarreroarzac.wordpress.com/2015/02/21/historia-y-tragedia-de-la-109a-bm-en-el-campo-de-zaldivar-badajoz-2/ |first=Fernando |last=Barrero Arzac |title=Historia y tragedia de la 109ª BM en el campo de Zaldívar (Badajoz) |date=21 February 2015 |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=[[WordPress]]}}</ref>
+*[[Cortijo del Enjembraero]], located in [[Helechal]], [[Benquerencia de la Serena]] municipality, where four political prisoners: [[Sinesio Calderón]], [[Antonio Cortés]], [[Antonio Iglesias]] and [[Manuel Merinot]] were executed extrajudicially on 1 February 1949 accused by the [[Francoist]] authorities of assisting the [[Spanish Maquis]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Secundino |last=Serrano Fernández |year=2011 |title=Maquis. Historia de la guerrilla antifranquista |location=Madrid |publisher=Temas de hoy |page=242 |isbn=978-84-8460-103-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JaCAAAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Justo |last1=Vila Izquierdo |first2=Santiago |last2=Álvarez |first3=José |last3=Hinojosa |first4=José |last4=Sandoval |date=1 January 2003 |title=La guerrilla antifranquista en Extremadura. El movimiento guerrillero de los años 40 |location=Barcelona |publisher=Universitas |page=105 |isbn=84-87098-39-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQEqAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
+* Cortijo del Carmen and cortijo de San Patricio, in [[Gádor]], where the [[crime of Gádor]] was carried out.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.lavozdealmeria.com/tal-como-eramos/2018/10/08/el-tonto-del-crimen-de-gador/ |title=El 'tonto' del crimen de Gádor |date=8 October 2018 |access-date=14 September 2019 |first=Eduardo |last=Pino |author-link=Eduardo Pino |newspaper=[[La Voz de Almería]] |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/crimenes-extraordinarios/abci-crimen-gador-o-inconcebible-crueldad-humana-201711190124_noticia.html |title=El crimen de Gádor o la inconcebible crueldad humana |first=Mari Pau |last=Domínguez |date=19 November 2017 |access-date=14 September 2019 |newspaper=[[ABC (Spain)|ABC]] |language=es |publisher=[[Vocento]]}}</ref>
+[[File:Cortijo de Platero02.JPG|thumb|Night view of the abandoned ''Cortijos de Platero'', in the municipality of [[Jaén, Spain|Jaén]].]]
 == See also ==
+{{Portal|Housing}}
 * ''[[Alquería]]''
 * ''[[Hacienda]]''
 == References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist|30em}}
 == External links ==
+*{{Commons category-inline|Cortijos}}
-{{portal|Home}}
-*{{commonscat inline|Cortijos}}
 * [http://www.iaph.es/cortijos-haciendas-lagares-andalucia/frmSimple.do Cortijos, haciendas y lagares de Andalucía. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico]
+{{Architecture of Spain}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Housing in Spain]]
 [[Category:House types]]
 [[Category:Vernacular architecture]]
-[[es:Cortijo]]

v t e Architecture of Spain
Styles	Megalithic Iberian Celtic Celtiberian Roman Visigothic Asturian Andalusi Mozarabic Repoblación Mudéjar First Romanesque Romanesque Gothic Catalan Gothic Isabelline Valencian Gothic Cisneros Plateresque Renaissance Purism Herrerian Baroque Churrigueresque Neoclassical Rococo Modernisme Valencian Art Nouveau Noucentisme Neo-Mudéjar
Buildings and structures	Roman sites Alcázars Alcazabas Cantabrian defensive towers Castles Castros Cathedrals Hórreos Lighthouses Llotjes Monasteries Royal sites Windmills Airports Indoor arenas Museums Stadiums Tallest buildings and structures Destroyed heritage
Other	Architects Andalusian patio Andalusian White Towns Aragonese Mudéjar Catalan vault Gaudí buildings Spanish Colonial architecture Alhóndiga Alqueria Artesonado Azulejo Baserri Cabaña pasiega Casa montañesa Casona montañesa Corral de comedias Cortijo Finca Estipite Hacienda Masia Mirador Palloza Pazo Real Spanish garden Yeseria
Category