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The German sociologist Max Weber formulated a three-component theory of stratification that defines a status group^[1] (also status class and status estate)^[2] as a group of people within a society who can be differentiated by non-economic qualities such as honour, prestige, ethnicity, race, and religion.^[3] The German terms are Stand (status group) and Stände (status groups)

To date, sociologists study the matter of “status incongruence” — both in post-industrial societies, and in pre-industrial societies.^[4] Status groups emerge from "the house of honor", and that such status-honor stands in contrast with:

social class, based on economically determined relationship in the house of the marketplace
political party, based on affiliations in the political domain, or the house of power

Status groups, social classes, and political parties are the constituent concepts of the three-component theory of stratification. Discussion of the relationships among status groups, social class, and political parties occurs in Weber's essay "Class, Status, Party", written before the First World War (1914–18); the first translation into English, by Hans Gerth and C. Wright Mills, was published in the 1940s. Dagmar Waters and colleagues produced a newer English translation of the essay, titled “The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Stände, Parties” (2010), published in the “Journal of Classical Sociology”; the title of the new English-language translation includes the German word “Stände” (status groups) in place of the English term.^[5]^[6]

Status groups feature in the varieties of social stratification addressed in popular literature and in the academic literature, such as categorization of people by race, ethnic group, racial caste, professional groups, community groups, nationalities, etc.^[7] These contrast with relationships rooted in economic relations, which Weber calls "class".

Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu discusses cultural capital and symbolic capital. Like Weber, he comments on how non-monetary means are used to confer and deny status to individuals and groups.^[8]

References

^ Reinhart Bendix. 1960. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. p. 105. London: Heinemann.
^ Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (eds). 1978. Economy and society: an outline of interpretive sociology, Volume 1. p. 300. University of California Press.
^ Terry N. Clark, Seymour Martin Lipset (2001), The Breakdown of Class Politics, ISBN 978-0801865763
^ From Social Class and Religious Identity to Status Incongruence in Post-Industrial Societies, by Mattei Dogan in Comparative Sociology (2004) www.statusgroup.com.ua
^ "The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Staende, Parties", Journal of Classical Sociology, 2010:137–152, http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/137.short
^ The New Zeppelin University of "Class, Status, Party" by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters, Journal of Classical Sociology 2010:142–148 http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.extract
^ Waters, Tony and Dagmar Waters (2016). Are the Terms 'Socioeconomic Status' and 'Class Status' Oxymorons for Max Weber? Palgrave Communications http://www.palgrave-journals.com/articles/palcomms20162
^ Frédéric, Lebaron (2014). "Symbolic Capital". In Michalos, Alex (ed.). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Link. p. 6537–6543. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

[1] Reinhart Bendix. 1960. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. p. 105. London: Heinemann.

[2] Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (eds). 1978. Economy and society: an outline of interpretive sociology, Volume 1. p. 300. University of California Press.

[3] Terry N. Clark, Seymour Martin Lipset (2001), The Breakdown of Class Politics, ISBN 978-0801865763

[4] From Social Class and Religious Identity to Status Incongruence in Post-Industrial Societies, by Mattei Dogan in Comparative Sociology (2004) www.statusgroup.com.ua

[5] "The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Staende, Parties", Journal of Classical Sociology, 2010:137–152, http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/137.short

[6] The New Zeppelin University of "Class, Status, Party" by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters, Journal of Classical Sociology 2010:142–148 http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.extract

[7] Waters, Tony and Dagmar Waters (2016). Are the Terms 'Socioeconomic Status' and 'Class Status' Oxymorons for Max Weber? Palgrave Communications http://www.palgrave-journals.com/articles/palcomms20162

[8] Frédéric, Lebaron (2014). "Symbolic Capital". In Michalos, Alex (ed.). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Link. p. 6537–6543. Retrieved 27 April 2024.

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+{{Short description|Categorization of people within a society}}
 {{Sociology}}
-The German [[sociologist]] [[Max Weber]] (1864-1920) formulated a [[three-component theory of stratification]] that defines '''status group'''<ref>Reinhart Bendix. 1960. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. p. 105. London: Heinemann.</ref> (also '''status class''' and '''[[Estates of the realm|status estate]]''')<ref>Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (eds). 1978. ''Economy and society: an outline of interpretive sociology, Volume 1.'' p. 300. University of California Press.</ref> as a group of people who, within a [[society]], can be differentiated{{by whom?|date=January 2018}} on the basis of non-economic qualities such as [[honour]], [[Reputation|prestige]], [[ethnicity]], [[Race (human categorization)|race]] and [[religion]].<ref>{{citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rdA86k8WTuoC&pg=PA42 |title= The Breakdown of Class Politics|author= Terry N. Clark, Seymour Martin Lipset}}</ref> (Weber used the German terms ''Stand'' (status group) and ''Stände'' (status groups).)
+The German sociologist [[Max Weber]] formulated a [[three-component theory of stratification]] that defines a '''status group'''<ref>Reinhart Bendix. 1960. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. p. 105. London: Heinemann.</ref> (also '''status class''' and '''[[Estates of the realm|status estate]]''')<ref>Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich (eds). 1978. ''Economy and society: an outline of interpretive sociology, Volume 1.'' p. 300. University of California Press.</ref> as a group of people within a [[society]] who can be differentiated by non-economic qualities such as [[honour]], [[Reputation|prestige]], [[ethnicity]], [[Race (human categorization)|race]], and [[religion]].<ref>{{citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rdA86k8WTuoC&pg=PA42 |title= The Breakdown of Class Politics|author= Terry N. Clark, Seymour Martin Lipset|year= 2001|isbn= 978-0801865763}}</ref> The German terms are ''Stand'' (status group) and ''Stände'' (status groups)
-Since Weber's day, sociologists have intensively studied the matter of “status incongruence” - both in [[post-industrial society|post-industrial societies]], and in other countries.<ref>''From Social Class and Religious Identity to Status Incongruence in Post-Industrial Societies'', by [[Mattei Dogan]] in ''Comparative Sociology'' (2004) www.statusgroup.com.ua</ref>
+To date, sociologists study the matter of “status incongruence” — both in [[post-industrial society|post-industrial societies]], and in pre-industrial societies.<ref>''From Social Class and Religious Identity to Status Incongruence in Post-Industrial Societies'', by [[Mattei Dogan]] in ''Comparative Sociology'' (2004) www.statusgroup.com.ua</ref> Status groups emerge from "the house of honor", and that such status-honor stands in contrast with:
-Weber said that status groups emerge from "the house of honor", and that such status-honor stands in contrast with:
 * [[social class]], based on [[economic]]ally determined relationship in the house of the marketplace
 * [[political party]], based on [[Political party|affiliations]] in the [[politics|political domain]], or the house of power
-Status groups, social classes, and political parties are the constituent concepts of the [[three-component theory of stratification]]. Discussion of the relationships among status groups, social class, and political parties occurs in Weber's essay "Class, Status, Party", written before the First World War (1914–18); the first translation into English, by [[Hans Gerth]] and [[C. Wright Mills]], was published in the 1940s. Dagmar Waters and colleagues produced a newer English translation of the essay, titled “The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Stände, Parties” (2010), published in the “Journal of Classical Sociology”; the title of the new English-language translation includes the German word “Stände” (status groups) in place of the English term.<ref>"The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Staende, Parties", Journal of Classical Sociology, 2010:137-152, http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/137.short</ref><ref>The New Zeppelin University of "Class, Status, Party" by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters, Journal of Classical Sociology 2010:142-148 http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.extract</ref>
+Status groups, social classes, and political parties are the constituent concepts of the [[three-component theory of stratification]]. Discussion of the relationships among status groups, social class, and political parties occurs in Weber's essay "Class, Status, Party", written before the First World War (1914–18); the first translation into English, by [[Hans Gerth]] and [[C. Wright Mills]], was published in the 1940s. Dagmar Waters and colleagues produced a newer English translation of the essay, titled “The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Stände, Parties” (2010), published in the “Journal of Classical Sociology”; the title of the new English-language translation includes the German word “Stände” (status groups) in place of the English term.<ref>"The Distribution of Power within the Community: Classes, Staende, Parties", Journal of Classical Sociology, 2010:137–152, http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/137.short</ref><ref>The New Zeppelin University of "Class, Status, Party" by Tony Waters and Dagmar Waters, Journal of Classical Sociology 2010:142–148 http://jcs.sagepub.com/content/10/2/153.extract</ref>
-According to Weber, status groups feature in a wide variety of social stratifications which both popular discourse and the academic literature commonly refer to.  These include categorization by [[race (human categorization)|race]], [[ethnicity]], [[caste]], professional groups, neighborhood groups, nationalities, and so forth.<ref>Waters, Tony and Dagmar Waters (2016).  Are the Terms 'Socioeconomic Status' and 'Class Status' Oxymorons for Max Weber?  Palgrave Communications http://www.palgrave-journals.com/articles/palcomms20162</ref>  These contrast with relationships rooted in economic relations, which Weber calls "class".
+Status groups feature in the varieties of social stratification addressed in popular literature and in the academic literature, such as categorization of people by [[race (human categorization)|race]], [[ethnicity|ethnic group]], [[caste|racial caste]], professional groups, community groups, nationalities, etc.<ref>Waters, Tony and Dagmar Waters (2016).  Are the Terms 'Socioeconomic Status' and 'Class Status' Oxymorons for Max Weber?  Palgrave Communications http://www.palgrave-journals.com/articles/palcomms20162</ref>  These contrast with relationships rooted in economic relations, which Weber calls "class".
-Sociologist [[Pierre Bourdieu]] (1930-2002) discusses issues of [[cultural capital]] and [[symbolic capital]]. Like Weber, he comments on how non-monetary means are used{{by whom?|date=January 2018}} to confer and deny status to individuals and groups.  However, Bourdieu developed independently from Weber,{{cn|date=January 2018}} even though they{{who?|date=January 2018}} probably{{or?|date=January 2018}} do reflect the type of "capital" that status groups confer on those who are [[privilege (social inequality) | privileged]].
+Sociologist [[Pierre Bourdieu]] discusses [[cultural capital]] and [[symbolic capital]]. Like Weber, he comments on how non-monetary means are used to confer and deny status to individuals and groups.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frédéric |first1=Lebaron |editor1-last=Michalos |editor1-first=Alex |title=Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research |date=2014 |publisher=Springer Link |page=6537–6543 |url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2961 |access-date=27 April 2024 |chapter=Symbolic Capital}}</ref>
 ==See also==