Linnaea borealis: Difference between revisions
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#redirect [[Linnaea]] |
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{{For|the female given name|Linnéa}} |
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{{Redirect|Twin Flower|the 2018 film|Twin Flower (film)}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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|image = Linnaea borealis 8803.JPG |
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|image_caption = ''Linnaea borealis'' ssp. ''longiflora'' in flower, near the [[Matanuska Glacier]] in [[Alaska]] |
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|taxon = Linnaea |
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|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] |
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|subdivision_ranks = Species |
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|subdivision = [[#Species|See text]]. |
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|type_species = ''[[Linnaea borealis]]'' |
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}} |
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{{R to monotypic taxon}} |
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'''''Linnaea''''' is a plant [[genus]] in the family [[Caprifoliaceae]] (the honeysuckle family). Until 2013, the genus included a single species, ''[[Linnaea borealis]]''. In 2013, on the basis of [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] evidence, the genus was expanded to include species formerly placed in ''Abelia'' (excluding section ''Zabelia''), ''Diabelia'', ''Dipelta'', ''Kolkwitzia'' and ''Vesalea''. |
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{{R from merge}} |
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''Linnaea borealis'' was a favorite of [[Carl Linnaeus]], founder of the modern system of [[binomial nomenclature]], for whom the genus was named. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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The genus ''Linnaea'' was first formally described by [[Carl Linnaeus]]. The name had been used earlier by the Dutch botanist [[Jan Frederik Gronovius]], and was given in honour of Linnaeus. Linnaeus adopted the name in 1753 in ''[[Species Plantarum]]'' for the then sole species ''Linnaea borealis'', because it was his favourite plant.<ref name=Chri13/> |
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Although some botanists placed other species in the genus, most treated ''Linnaea'' as a monotypic genus until 2013. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies from 2001 onwards showed that a number of genera were closely related to ''Linnaea'' (the "''Linnaea'' clade"), although one of them, ''[[Abelia]]'', was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]]. In 2013, to maintain monophyletic genera, [[Maarten Christenhusz]] proposed merging ''Abelia'' (excluding section ''Zabelia''), ''Diabelia'', ''Dipelta'', ''Kolkwitzia'' and ''Vesalea'' into ''Linnaea''.<ref name=Chri13/> This proposal has been adopted by more recent sources, including the [[Plants of the World Online]].<ref name=POWO/><ref name=iNat/> However, the majority of scientific literature reject [[Maarten Christenhusz]] and prefer to maintain the segregation of Linnaeoideae into the traditional genera on grounds of morphology, biogeography and nomenclatural simplicity for example Landrein, S. & Prenner, G. (2013)<ref name=Landrein/> and Wang et al. (2015)<ref name=Wang/> and this is supported by secondary literature, such as [[Catalogue of Life]]. |
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===Species=== |
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The following species are accepted {{As of|2018|January|lc=yes}}:<ref name=POWO/><ref name=Chri13/> |
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*''[[Linnaea amabilis]]'' {{small|(Graebn.) Christenh.}} – China (Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi); rare in the wild but widely cultivated in China, Japan, Europe and North America |
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*''[[Linnaea borealis]]'' {{small|L.}} – circumboreal and subarctic (Canada, northern and central USA, Greenland, northern Britain, Fennoscandia, Baltic States, Mainland Europe south to the Alps, and the Balkans, Ukraine, Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, northern China, Korea, northern Japan) |
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*''[[Linnaea chinensis]]'' {{small|(R.Br.) A.Braun & Vatke}} – China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), northern Vietnam, Taiwan; commonly cultivated in China and Japan, occasionally in Europe and North America |
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*''[[Linnaea coriacea]]'' {{small|(Hemsl.) Christenh.}} – Mexico (Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí) |
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*''[[Linnaea dipelta]]'' {{small|Christenh.}} – China (Gansu, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan) |
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*''[[Linnaea elegans]]'' {{small|(Batalin) Christenh.}} – China (Gansu, Sichuan) |
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*''[[Linnaea engleriana]]'' {{small|Graebn.}} |
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*''[[Linnaea floribunda]]'' {{small|(M.Mart. & Galeotti)}} – Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) |
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*''[[Linnaea forrestii]]'' {{small|Diels}} – south-central China (southwestern Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan) |
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*[[Linnaea × grandiflora|''Linnaea'' × ''grandiflora'']] {{small|(André) Christenh.}} – garden hybrid of ''L. chinensis'' and ''L. uniflora'', only known from cultivation |
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*''[[Linnaea grandifolia]]'' {{small|(Villareal) Christenh.}} – Central Mexico (Querétaro) |
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*''[[Linnaea macrotera]]'' {{small|Graebn. & Buchw.}} |
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*''[[Linnaea mexicana]]'' {{small|(Villareal) Christenh.}} – south-central Mexico (Oaxaca) |
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*''[[Linnaea occidentalis]]'' {{small|(Villareal) Christenh.}} – Mexico (Durango) |
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*''[[Linnaea parvifolia]]'' {{small|(Hemsl.) Graebn.}} |
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*''[[Linnaea serrata]]'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Graebner}} – China (Zhejiang), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku) |
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*''[[Linnaea spathulata]]'' {{small|(Siebold & Zucc.) Graebner}} – China (Zhejiang), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku) |
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*''[[Linnaea tetrasepala]]'' {{small|(Koidz.) Christenh.}} – Japan (Honshu, Shikoku) |
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*''[[Linnaea uniflora]]'' {{small|(R.Br.) A.Br. & Vatke}} – China (Fujian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); frequently cultivated |
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*''[[Linnaea yunnanensis]]'' {{small|(Franch.) Christenh.}} – China (Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), and adjacent Burma |
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==Cultivation== |
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Several species of ''Linnaea'' are in cultivation. In the UK, plants are widely listed under the name ''Abelia''. Though not fully hardy, they are easy to grow in a sheltered, sunny position. The [[cultivar]] ‘Edward Goucher’ has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]’s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/95223/i-Abelia-i-Edward-Goucher/Details | title = ''Abelia'' ‘Edward Goucher’ | publisher = RHS | accessdate = 6 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 1 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 6 August 2019}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name=Chri13>{{Citation |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |date=2013 |title=Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae) |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=POWO>{{citation |title=''Linnea'' |work=Plants of the World Online |url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/?q=Linnaea |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |accessdate=2018-01-22 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=iNat>{{cite web |title=Beauty bush (''Linnaea amabilis'') |work=iNaturalist |publisher=California Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/472975-Linnaea-amabilis |accessdate=2018-01-22}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Landrein>{{Citation |last1=Landrein, S. |first1= Prenner, G. |date=2013 |title=Unequal twins? Inflorescence evolution in the twinflower tribe Linnaeeae (Caprifoliaceae sl). |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences| volume=174 |issue= 2|pages=200-233|doi=10.1086/668251}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Wang>{{Citation |last1=Wang, H.-F.|date=2015 |title= Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic diversification of Linnaeoideae (Caprifoliaceae s.l.) disjunctly distributed in Eurasia, North America and Mexico.|journal =PLoS ONE |volume=10 |issue=3|pages= e0116485. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0116485}}</ref> |
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}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q5114721}} |
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{{Carl Linnaeus}} |
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[[Category:Caprifoliaceae]] |
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Latest revision as of 15:38, 27 April 2024
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