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m Adding in extra detail about Cromwell's courtship with William Byrd II, a close friend of her husband Ed. Southwell →Marriage and issue
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{{Short description|English noblewoman}}
{{about||the English courtier who lived in Florence|Elizabeth Southwell (courtier)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox noble
{{Infobox noble
| name = Elizabeth Southwell
| name = Elizabeth Southwell
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| successor =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| suc-type =
| spouse = [[Edward Southwell (1671–1730)|Edward Southwell]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Edward Southwell (1671–1730)|Edward Southwell]]|29 October 1704|1709|end=died}}
| issue = [[Edward Southwell (1705–1755)|Edward Southwell]]
| issue = [[Edward Southwell (1705–1755)|Edward Southwell]]
| issue-link =
| issue-link =
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| styles =
| styles =
| titles =
| titles =
| noble family = Cromwell
| noble family = [[Cromwell family|Cromwell]]
| house-type =
| house-type =
| father = [[Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass]]
| father = [[Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass]]
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| death_place =
| death_place =
| burial_date =
| burial_date =
| burial_place = [[Henbury]]
| burial_place = [[Henbury, Bristol|Henbury]]
| religion =
| religion =
| occupation =
| occupation =
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==Courtship, Marriage, and Issue==
==Courtship, Marriage, and Issue==
In 1703, Cromwell was courted by Anglo-Virginian planter [[William Byrd II]]. While she travelled to Dublin with [[Edward Southwell (1671–1730)|Edward Southwell]], the Secretary of State for Ireland, Byrd wrote a series of letters addressing Cromwell as 'Facetia' and himself as 'Veramour'. Byrd and Southwell were close friends at the time. Southwell's father, [[Robert Southwell (diplomat)|Sir Robert Southwell]], had secured Byrd's entry into the [[Royal Society]] before dying in 1702. Cromwell's replies do not survive, but Byrd's outgoing letters (preserved and published by Marion Tinling) show how he grew irritated as she stopped replying to his persistent and melodramatic letters. Byrd grew angry, lashing out at Cromwell's 'hibernian amuzement' and 'laziness', sabotaging any hopes of a successful courtship.<ref> Letter from William Byrd II to Elizabeth Cromwell, ‘Facetia’, 27/07/1703 in Marion Tinling (ed.), The Correspondence of Westover, Virginia, 1684-1776 Vol. 1 (Charlottesville VA, 1977), 226-9</ref>
In 1703, Cromwell was courted by Anglo-Virginian planter [[William Byrd II]]. While she travelled to Dublin with [[Edward Southwell (1671–1730)|Edward Southwell]], the Secretary of State for Ireland, Byrd wrote a series of letters addressing Cromwell as 'Facetia' and himself as 'Veramour'. Byrd and Southwell were close friends at the time. Southwell's father, [[Robert Southwell (diplomat)|Sir Robert Southwell]], had secured Byrd's entry into the [[Royal Society]] before dying in 1702. Cromwell's replies do not survive, but Byrd's outgoing letters (preserved and published by Marion Tinling) show how he grew irritated as she stopped replying to his persistent and melodramatic letters. Byrd grew angry, lashing out at Cromwell's 'hibernian amuzement' and 'laziness', sabotaging any hopes of a successful courtship.<ref>Letter from William Byrd II to Elizabeth Cromwell, ‘Facetia’, 27/07/1703 in Marion Tinling (ed.), The Correspondence of Westover, Virginia, 1684-1776 Vol. 1 (Charlottesville VA, 1977), 226-9</ref>


On 29th October 1704, Cromwell married Edward Southwell in Ireland. Their son, [[Edward Southwell (1705–1755)|Edward Southwell]], did not style himself Baron Cromwell of Oakham. Cromwell's grandson inherited the much older and more distinguished [[Baron de Clifford|Barony of Clifford]] as the title's 20th holder.
On 29 October 1704, Cromwell married Edward Southwell in Ireland. Their son, [[Edward Southwell (1705–1755)|Edward Southwell]], did not style himself Baron Cromwell of Oakham. Cromwell's grandson inherited the much older and more distinguished [[Baron de Clifford|Barony of Clifford]] as the title's 20th holder.


==Death==
==Death==
Elizabeth died of [[Tuberculosis|consumption]] on 31 March 1709 and was buried at [[Henbury]]. In a letter to [[Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1672–1739)|Lord Raby]], on 1 April 1709, Lady Wentworth wrote that "Your old Mrs. is dead and left thre lovly boys behynde and a dismall mallancolly husband ; its Lady Betty Southwell whoe made a very good wife, and he a fond husband."<ref name="Cokayne559" /><ref>{{harvnb|Cartwright|1883|p=70}}</ref>
Elizabeth died of [[Tuberculosis|consumption]] on 31 March 1709 and was buried at [[Henbury, Bristol|Henbury]]. In a letter to [[Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford (1672–1739)|Lord Raby]], on 1 April 1709, Lady Wentworth wrote that "Your old Mrs. is dead and left thre lovly boys behynde and a dismall mallancolly husband ; its Lady Betty Southwell whoe made a very good wife, and he a fond husband."<ref name="Cokayne559" /><ref>{{harvnb|Cartwright|1883|p=70}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite web|title=Ardglass, Earl of (I, 1645 - 1687). ''Cracroft's Peerage''
* {{cite web|title=Ardglass, Earl of (I, 1645 - 1687). ''Cracroft's Peerage''
|url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/ardglass1645.htm?zoom_highlight=ardglass
|url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/ardglass1645.htm?zoom_highlight=ardglass
|publisher=Cracroftspeerage.co.uk|access-date=16 November 2013
|publisher=Cracroftspeerage.co.uk|access-date=16 November 2013
}}
}}
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|url=https://archive.org/stream/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog#page/n166/mode/2up
|url=https://archive.org/stream/agenealogicalhi00burkgoog#page/n166/mode/2up
}}
}}
* {{cite book|last=Cartwright
* {{cite book|editor-last=Cartwright
|first=James J., ed.
|editor-first=James J.
|title=The Wentworth Papers, 1705-1739
|title=The Wentworth Papers, 1705-1739
|year=1883
|year=1883
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}}
}}
* {{cite web|title=Cromwell, Baron (E, 1540 - 1687).''Cracroft's Peerage
* {{cite web|title=Cromwell, Baron (E, 1540 - 1687).''Cracroft's Peerage
|url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/cromwell1540.htm?zoom_highlight=edward+cromwell
|url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/cromwell1540.htm?zoom_highlight=edward+cromwell
|publisher=Cracroftspeerage.co.uk
|publisher=Cracroftspeerage.co.uk
|access-date=15 November 2013
|access-date=15 November 2013
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category|Elizabeth Southwell, Lady Cromwell}}
* [http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/ardglass1645.htm Cracroft's Peerage, Ardglass, Earl of (I, 1645 - 1687)]
* [http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/ardglass1645.htm Cracroft's Peerage, Ardglass, Earl of (I, 1645 - 1687)]
* {{NPG name|name=Elizabeth Southwell (née Cromwell), Lady Cromwell}}
* {{NPG name|name=Elizabeth Southwell (née Cromwell), Lady Cromwell}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Southwell, Elizabeth, Lady Cromwell}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Southwell, Elizabeth}}
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1674 births]]
[[Category:1709 deaths]]
[[Category:1709 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:Cromwell family]]
[[Category:Cromwell family|Elizabeth]]
[[Category:Daughters of Irish earls]]
[[Category:Daughters of Irish earls]]
[[Category:1674 births]]
[[Category:17th-century English women]]
[[Category:17th-century English women]]
[[Category:17th-century English people]]
[[Category:17th-century English people]]

Latest revision as of 19:00, 29 April 2024

For the English courtier who lived in Florence, see Elizabeth Southwell (courtier).

Elizabeth Southwell
Elizabeth Southwell in 1705
Born3 December 1674
Died31 March 1709(1709-03-31) (aged 34)
BuriedHenbury
Noble familyCromwell
Spouse(s)
​
​
(m. 1704; died 1709)​
IssueEdward Southwell
FatherVere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass
MotherCatherine Hamilton

Lady Elizabeth Southwell (née Cromwell), called Lady Cromwell (1674–1709) was an English noblewoman, the only daughter of Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass and wife Catherine Hamilton.

Title

[edit]

When her father died in 1687, she claimed his title of Baron Cromwell, although his Earldom and Viscountship became extinct; she was ranked with the Peeresses at the funeral of Queen Mary II and the coronation of Queen Anne, but her claim appears to have been a mistake.[1]

Whether she was entitled to succeed her father depends on how the barony was created. A barony by writ descends to an only daughter, if a baron have no sons; a barony by patent follows the rule of descent given in the patent - normally to the male heirs of the grantee, which would exclude daughters.[1]

The Barony of Cromwell has a patent, granted in 1540 to Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell of Oakham (and his heirs male), son of Henry VIII's Minister Thomas Cromwell, after his father's fall and execution. But the antiquarian William Dugdale had claimed in the 1670s that there was also a writ summoning Gregory Cromwell as Baron Cromwell, dated 28 April 1539. Although he gives a text of the writ, the form is not standard, and no writs at all are recorded as being issued on that day - the first day of Parliament, and so rather late to summon men to attend it; the Complete Peerage conjectures that Dugdale saw a reference to Lord Cromwell in the proceedings of the Parliament, deduced that it meant the son - not the father - and supplied the writ he assumed must exist.[2][3] Gregory Cromwell was, however, elected as one of the Knights of the Shire for Kent in 1539, and was summoned to Parliament that year to sit in the House of Commons.[4]

Courtship, Marriage, and Issue

[edit]

In 1703, Cromwell was courted by Anglo-Virginian planter William Byrd II. While she travelled to Dublin with Edward Southwell, the Secretary of State for Ireland, Byrd wrote a series of letters addressing Cromwell as 'Facetia' and himself as 'Veramour'. Byrd and Southwell were close friends at the time. Southwell's father, Sir Robert Southwell, had secured Byrd's entry into the Royal Society before dying in 1702. Cromwell's replies do not survive, but Byrd's outgoing letters (preserved and published by Marion Tinling) show how he grew irritated as she stopped replying to his persistent and melodramatic letters. Byrd grew angry, lashing out at Cromwell's 'hibernian amuzement' and 'laziness', sabotaging any hopes of a successful courtship.[5]

On 29 October 1704, Cromwell married Edward Southwell in Ireland. Their son, Edward Southwell, did not style himself Baron Cromwell of Oakham. Cromwell's grandson inherited the much older and more distinguished Barony of Clifford as the title's 20th holder.

Death

[edit]

Elizabeth died of consumption on 31 March 1709 and was buried at Henbury. In a letter to Lord Raby, on 1 April 1709, Lady Wentworth wrote that "Your old Mrs. is dead and left thre lovly boys behynde and a dismall mallancolly husband ; its Lady Betty Southwell whoe made a very good wife, and he a fond husband."[1][6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Cokayne 1913, p. 559
  2. ^ Cokayne 1913, pp. 557, 559 The editor, Vicary Gibbs, suspected that Dugdale had assumed that the Earl of Essex mentioned in the reports was Thomas Cromwell, the father, but Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex was still alive in 1539, and Thomas was still only Baron Cromwell.
  3. ^ Journal of the House of Lords: volume 1: 1509-1577. British-history.ac.uk. p. 104. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  4. ^ Hawkyard 1982
  5. ^ Letter from William Byrd II to Elizabeth Cromwell, ‘Facetia’, 27/07/1703 in Marion Tinling (ed.), The Correspondence of Westover, Virginia, 1684-1776 Vol. 1 (Charlottesville VA, 1977), 226-9
  6. ^ Cartwright 1883, p. 70

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
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