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{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Italian conservation genomics project}} |
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{{Draft topics|biology}} |
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'''Endemixit''' is a project that studies the effects of reduced population size in five Italian [[Endemism|endemic species]] at [[Endangered species|risk of extinction]]. The final objective is to estimate the risk of extinction from genomic data and contribute to the preservation of these species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fronte |first=Margherita |date=March 2021 |title=Io ti salverò col tuo DNA |journal=Focus |volume=441 |pages=70–73}}</ref> The project was funded by the MUR (Italian Ministry for Research) and coordinated by the Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology of the [[University of Ferrara]] with the involvement of five other Italian universities: [[Marche Polytechnic University|Ancona]], [[University of Florence|Florence]], [[University of Padua|Padua]], [[University of Rome Tor Vergata|Rome Tor Vergata]] and [[University of Trieste|Trieste]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Di Bisceglie |first=Federico |date=18 September 2020 |title=Dal rospetto ululone all'orso bruno Studio di Unife sulle specie a rischio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Redazione |last2=Redazione |date=2020-08-21 |title=Pikaia – Farfalle, orsi e altri endemismi: il progetto EndemixIT |url=https://pikaia.eu/farfalle-orsi-e-altri-endemismi/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Pikaia |language=it-IT}}</ref> |
'''Endemixit''' is a project that studies the effects of reduced population size in five Italian [[Endemism|endemic species]] at [[Endangered species|risk of extinction]]. The final objective is to estimate the risk of extinction from genomic data and contribute to the preservation of these species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fronte |first=Margherita |date=March 2021 |title=Io ti salverò col tuo DNA |journal=Focus |volume=441 |pages=70–73}}</ref> The project was funded by the MUR (Italian Ministry for Research) and coordinated by the Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology of the [[University of Ferrara]] with the involvement of five other Italian universities: [[Marche Polytechnic University|Ancona]], [[University of Florence|Florence]], [[University of Padua|Padua]], [[University of Rome Tor Vergata|Rome Tor Vergata]] and [[University of Trieste|Trieste]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Di Bisceglie |first=Federico |date=18 September 2020 |title=Dal rospetto ululone all'orso bruno Studio di Unife sulle specie a rischio}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Redazione |last2=Redazione |date=2020-08-21 |title=Pikaia – Farfalle, orsi e altri endemismi: il progetto EndemixIT |url=https://pikaia.eu/farfalle-orsi-e-altri-endemismi/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Pikaia |language=it-IT}}</ref> |
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The species considered are all classified in danger or in critical danger of extinction in the [[IUCN Red List]]: |
The species considered are all classified in danger or in critical danger of extinction in the [[IUCN Red List]]: |
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* ''[[Aeolian wall lizard|Podarcis raffonei]]'' (Aeolian wall lizard), a lizard with a current range restricted to three [[Aeolian Islands]] and subdivided into isolated and relatively distant populations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Corti |first1=Claudia |last2=Pérez-Mellado |first2=Valentin |last3=Sindaco |first3=Roberto |last4=Romano |first4=Antonio |date=14 December 2008 |title=Podarcis raffonei | |
* ''[[Aeolian wall lizard|Podarcis raffonei]]'' (Aeolian wall lizard), a lizard with a current range restricted to three [[Aeolian Islands]] and subdivided into isolated and relatively distant populations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Corti |first1=Claudia |last2=Pérez-Mellado |first2=Valentin |last3=Sindaco |first3=Roberto |last4=Romano |first4=Antonio |date=14 December 2008 |title=Podarcis raffonei |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t61552a12514822.en |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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* ''[[Hipparchia sbordonii]]'' (Ponza grayling), currently only found on some [[Pontine Islands]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Wiemers, M., Katbeh-Bader, A., Power, A., Benyamini, D., Tzirkalli, E., Balletto, E., Monteiro, E., Karaçetin, E., Franeta, F., Pe'er, G., Welch, H., Thompson, K., Pamperis, L., Dapporto, L., Šašić, M., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Dupont, P., Garcia-Pereira, P., Moulai, R., Caruana, R., Verovnik, R., Bonelli, S. & Beshkov, S. |date=28 February 2013 |title=Hipparchia sbordonii | |
* ''[[Hipparchia sbordonii]]'' (Ponza grayling), currently only found on some [[Pontine Islands]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Wiemers, M., Katbeh-Bader, A., Power, A., Benyamini, D., Tzirkalli, E., Balletto, E., Monteiro, E., Karaçetin, E., Franeta, F., Pe'er, G., Welch, H., Thompson, K., Pamperis, L., Dapporto, L., Šašić, M., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Dupont, P., Garcia-Pereira, P., Moulai, R., Caruana, R., Verovnik, R., Bonelli, S. & Beshkov, S. |date=28 February 2013 |title=Hipparchia sbordonii |doi= 10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-2.rlts.t173231a64640021.en|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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* ''[[Adriatic sturgeon|Acipenser naccarii]]'' (Adriatic sturgeon), once widespread in the Northern [[Adriatic Sea]] and in many rivers of Northern Italy, but today almost extinct in nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bronzi, P., Congiu, L., Rossi, R., Zerunian, S. & Arlati |
* ''[[Adriatic sturgeon|Acipenser naccarii]]'' (Adriatic sturgeon), once widespread in the Northern [[Adriatic Sea]] and in many rivers of Northern Italy, but today almost extinct in nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bronzi, P., Congiu, L., Rossi, R., Zerunian, S. & Arlati, G. |date=24 October 2009 |title=Acipenser naccarii |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2011-1.rlts.t224a175973332.en |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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* ''[[Apennine yellow-bellied toad|Bombina pachypus]]'' (Apennine yellow-bellied toad), an endemic and endangered species of the [[Italian Peninsula]] closely related to the most common European yellow-bellied toad (''[[Yellow-bellied toad|B. variegata]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andreone, F., Corti, C., Sindaco, R., Romano, A., Giachi, F., Vanni, S. & Delfino, G. |date=14 December 2008 |title=Bombina pachypus | |
* ''[[Apennine yellow-bellied toad|Bombina pachypus]]'' (Apennine yellow-bellied toad), an endemic and endangered species of the [[Italian Peninsula]] closely related to the most common European yellow-bellied toad (''[[Yellow-bellied toad|B. variegata]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andreone, F., Corti, C., Sindaco, R., Romano, A., Giachi, F., Vanni, S. & Delfino, G. |date=14 December 2008 |title=Bombina pachypus |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t54450a11147957.en |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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* ''[[Marsican brown bear|Ursus arctos marsicanus]]'' (Marsican, or Apennine, brown bear), a subspecies of brown bear (''[[Brown bear|U. arctos]]''), present exclusively in a small region of the central [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ciucci |first1=Paolo |last2=Boitani |first2=Luigi |date=November 2008 |title=The Apennine Brown Bear: A Critical Review of Its Status and Conservation Problems |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ursus/volume-19/issue-2/07PER012.1/The-Apennine-Brown-Bear--A-Critical-Review-of-Its/10.2192/07PER012.1.full |journal=Ursus |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=130–145 |doi=10.2192/07PER012.1 |s2cid=55877575 |issn=1537-6176}}</ref> |
* ''[[Marsican brown bear|Ursus arctos marsicanus]]'' (Marsican, or Apennine, brown bear), a subspecies of brown bear (''[[Brown bear|U. arctos]]''), present exclusively in a small region of the central [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines Mountains]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ciucci |first1=Paolo |last2=Boitani |first2=Luigi |date=November 2008 |title=The Apennine Brown Bear: A Critical Review of Its Status and Conservation Problems |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ursus/volume-19/issue-2/07PER012.1/The-Apennine-Brown-Bear--A-Critical-Review-of-Its/10.2192/07PER012.1.full |journal=Ursus |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=130–145 |doi=10.2192/07PER012.1 |s2cid=55877575 |issn=1537-6176}}</ref> |
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== Applications and innovative aspects == |
== Applications and innovative aspects == |
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Endemixit is a genomic project applied to the [[Conservation biology|conservation]] of [[biodiversity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversità, la ricchezza che stiamo perdendo |url=https://www.focus.it/education/webinar/biodiversita-webinar |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Focus.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=The project |url=https://endemixit.com/the-project/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=ENDEMIXIT |language=en-GB}}</ref> Five [[ |
Endemixit is a genomic project applied to the [[Conservation biology|conservation]] of [[biodiversity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biodiversità, la ricchezza che stiamo perdendo |url=https://www.focus.it/education/webinar/biodiversita-webinar |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Focus.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=The project |url=https://endemixit.com/the-project/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=ENDEMIXIT |language=en-GB}}</ref> Five [[reference genome]]s will be produced (one for each endemic species/subspecies), and 20 to 30 individuals per species will be re-sequenced ([[Whole genome sequencing|whole genomes]] at intermediate coverage). Population genomics analyses will be used to reconstruct past [[Population process|demographic processes]] and to estimate the [[genetic load]] possibly accumulated due to [[genetic drift]]. The results will be theoretically important to understand the genetic load dynamic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bertorelle |first1=Giorgio |last2=Raffini |first2=Francesca |last3=Bosse |first3=Mirte |last4=Bortoluzzi |first4=Chiara |last5=Iannucci |first5=Alessio |last6=Trucchi |first6=Emiliano |last7=Morales |first7=Hernán E. |last8=van Oosterhout |first8=Cock |date=August 2022 |title=Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41576-022-00448-x |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |language=en |volume=23 |issue=8 |pages=492–503 |doi=10.1038/s41576-022-00448-x |pmid=35136196 |hdl=1871.1/d9d2b4fc-9ae2-4c6d-b9ad-88cc12c32112 |s2cid=246678376 |issn=1471-0064|hdl-access=free }}</ref> Practically, they will provide guidelines and priorities for the conservation of these endemics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-19 |title=Ululone & C: cinque animali italiani da salvare |url=https://www.repubblica.it/venerdi/2021/11/19/news/ululone_co_cinque_animali_italiani_da_salvare-326456104/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> |
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Endemixit is a partner of the European Reference Genome Atlas ([[ERGA]]), a pan-European consortium that aims to produce reference genomes of high quality for all European biodiversity to contribute to the protection of the same.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A genome atlas of european biodiversity |url=https://www.erga-biodiversity.eu/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=erga |language=en}}</ref> Endemixit is also affiliated to the Earth Biogenome Project ([[Earth BioGenome Project|EBP]]), an international project that aims to sequence the complete [[genome]] of all [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] living beings in 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth BioGenome Project |url=https://www.earthbiogenome.org/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Earth BioGenome Project |language=en-US}}</ref> |
Endemixit is a partner of the European Reference Genome Atlas ([[ERGA]]), a pan-European consortium that aims to produce reference genomes of high quality for all European biodiversity to contribute to the protection of the same.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A genome atlas of european biodiversity |url=https://www.erga-biodiversity.eu/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=erga |language=en}}</ref> Endemixit is also affiliated to the Earth Biogenome Project ([[Earth BioGenome Project|EBP]]), an international project that aims to sequence the complete [[genome]] of all [[Eukaryote|eukaryotic]] living beings in 10 years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Earth BioGenome Project |url=https://www.earthbiogenome.org/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Earth BioGenome Project |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:Bioinformatics]] |
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[[Category:Conservation biology]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:50, 29 April 2024
Endemixit is a project that studies the effects of reduced population size in five Italian endemic species at risk of extinction. The final objective is to estimate the risk of extinction from genomic data and contribute to the preservation of these species.[1] The project was funded by the MUR (Italian Ministry for Research) and coordinated by the Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology of the University of Ferrara with the involvement of five other Italian universities: Ancona, Florence, Padua, Rome Tor Vergata and Trieste.[2][3]
Species under study
[edit]The species considered are all classified in danger or in critical danger of extinction in the IUCN Red List:
- Podarcis raffonei (Aeolian wall lizard), a lizard with a current range restricted to three Aeolian Islands and subdivided into isolated and relatively distant populations.[4]
- Hipparchia sbordonii (Ponza grayling), currently only found on some Pontine Islands.[5]
- Acipenser naccarii (Adriatic sturgeon), once widespread in the Northern Adriatic Sea and in many rivers of Northern Italy, but today almost extinct in nature.[6]
- Bombina pachypus (Apennine yellow-bellied toad), an endemic and endangered species of the Italian Peninsula closely related to the most common European yellow-bellied toad (B. variegata).[7]
- Ursus arctos marsicanus (Marsican, or Apennine, brown bear), a subspecies of brown bear (U. arctos), present exclusively in a small region of the central Apennines Mountains.[8]
Applications and innovative aspects
[edit]Endemixit is a genomic project applied to the conservation of biodiversity.[9][10] Five reference genomes will be produced (one for each endemic species/subspecies), and 20 to 30 individuals per species will be re-sequenced (whole genomes at intermediate coverage). Population genomics analyses will be used to reconstruct past demographic processes and to estimate the genetic load possibly accumulated due to genetic drift. The results will be theoretically important to understand the genetic load dynamic.[11] Practically, they will provide guidelines and priorities for the conservation of these endemics.[12]
Endemixit is a partner of the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA), a pan-European consortium that aims to produce reference genomes of high quality for all European biodiversity to contribute to the protection of the same.[13] Endemixit is also affiliated to the Earth Biogenome Project (EBP), an international project that aims to sequence the complete genome of all eukaryotic living beings in 10 years.[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Fronte, Margherita (March 2021). "Io ti salverò col tuo DNA". Focus. 441: 70–73.
- ^ Di Bisceglie, Federico (18 September 2020). "Dal rospetto ululone all'orso bruno Studio di Unife sulle specie a rischio".
- ^ Redazione; Redazione (2020-08-21). "Pikaia – Farfalle, orsi e altri endemismi: il progetto EndemixIT". Pikaia (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ Corti, Claudia; Pérez-Mellado, Valentin; Sindaco, Roberto; Romano, Antonio (14 December 2008). "Podarcis raffonei". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t61552a12514822.en.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ van Swaay, C., Wynhoff, I., Wiemers, M., Katbeh-Bader, A., Power, A., Benyamini, D., Tzirkalli, E., Balletto, E., Monteiro, E., Karaçetin, E., Franeta, F., Pe'er, G., Welch, H., Thompson, K., Pamperis, L., Dapporto, L., Šašić, M., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Dupont, P., Garcia-Pereira, P., Moulai, R., Caruana, R., Verovnik, R., Bonelli, S. & Beshkov, S. (28 February 2013). "Hipparchia sbordonii". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2015-2.rlts.t173231a64640021.en.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bronzi, P., Congiu, L., Rossi, R., Zerunian, S. & Arlati, G. (24 October 2009). "Acipenser naccarii". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2011-1.rlts.t224a175973332.en.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Andreone, F., Corti, C., Sindaco, R., Romano, A., Giachi, F., Vanni, S. & Delfino, G. (14 December 2008). "Bombina pachypus". doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2009.rlts.t54450a11147957.en.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ciucci, Paolo; Boitani, Luigi (November 2008). "The Apennine Brown Bear: A Critical Review of Its Status and Conservation Problems". Ursus. 19 (2): 130–145. doi:10.2192/07PER012.1. ISSN 1537-6176. S2CID 55877575.
- ^ "Biodiversità, la ricchezza che stiamo perdendo". Focus.it. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ "The project". ENDEMIXIT. 2020-04-11. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ Bertorelle, Giorgio; Raffini, Francesca; Bosse, Mirte; Bortoluzzi, Chiara; Iannucci, Alessio; Trucchi, Emiliano; Morales, Hernán E.; van Oosterhout, Cock (August 2022). "Genetic load: genomic estimates and applications in non-model animals". Nature Reviews Genetics. 23 (8): 492–503. doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00448-x. hdl:1871.1/d9d2b4fc-9ae2-4c6d-b9ad-88cc12c32112. ISSN 1471-0064. PMID 35136196. S2CID 246678376.
- ^ "Ululone & C: cinque animali italiani da salvare". la Repubblica (in Italian). 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ "A genome atlas of european biodiversity". erga. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ "Earth BioGenome Project". Earth BioGenome Project. Retrieved 2022-09-01.