Evarcha: Difference between revisions

Evarcha
	Evarcha albaria (female)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Salticidae
Subfamily:	Salticinae
Genus:	Evarcha; Simon, 1902
Type species
	Araneus falcatus; Clerck, 1757
Diversity
	85 species

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Evarcha is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders) with 85 species (and one recognized subspecies) distributed across the world.^[1]

Habitat

These spiders are often found on shrubs and short plants in damp areas, resting in silken cells.

Description

Spiders in this genus generally look rather sturdy and are not very colorful, often brownish.

Evarcha culicivora can be an uncommon predator due to the fact it feeds on vertebrate blood by choosing blood-carrying mosquitoes as well-liked prey.^[2]

Distribution

Most species occur in Asia, Africa and parts of Europe, with E. amabilis and E. hoyi found only in the United States. E. proszynskii is found from Russia to Japan and Canada to United States.

Species

As of April 2024^[update], the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:

Evarcha acuta Wesołowska, 2006 – Namibia
Evarcha aegyptiaca (Prószyński 2018) – Egypt
Evarcha alba (Peckham & Peckham, 1903) – Southern Africa
Evarcha albaria (L. Koch, 1878) – Russia, China, Korea, Japan
Evarcha amabilis (C. L. Koch, 1846) – United States
Evarcha amanzi Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018 – South Africa
Evarcha annae (Peckham & Peckham, 1903) – South Africa
Evarcha aposto Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia
Evarcha arabica Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007 – Yemen
Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) – Palearctic
Evarcha armeniaca Logunov, 1999 – Armenia, Azerbaijan
Evarcha awashi Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia
Evarcha bakorensis Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002 – Guinea
Evarcha besar (Prószyński, 2018) – Malaysia (Borneo)
Evarcha bicoronata (Simon, 1901) – Hong Kong
Evarcha bihastata Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 – Tanzania
Evarcha brinki Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 – South Africa
Evarcha bulbosa Zabka, 1985 – China, Vietnam
Evarcha carbonaria (Lessert, 1927) – Congo
Evarcha certa Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002 – Guinea
Evarcha chappuisi Lessert, 1925 – East Africa
Evarcha chiayiensis Chen, Lin & Ueng, 2021 – Taiwan
Evarcha chubbi Lessert, 1925 – East Africa
Evarcha coreana Seo, 1988 – China, Korea
Evarcha crinita Logunov & Zamanpoore, 2005 – Afghanistan
Evarcha culicivora Wesołowska & Jackson, 2003 – Kenya
Evarcha darinurica Logunov, 2001 – Afghanistan
Evarcha dena Zamani, 2017 – Iran
Evarcha denticulata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013 – South Africa
Evarcha dubia (Kulczynski, 1901) – Ethiopia
Evarcha eriki Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757) – Palearctic
Evarcha fasciata Seo, 1992 – China, Korea, Japan
Evarcha flagellaris Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 – South Africa
Evarcha flavocincta (C. L. Koch, 1846) – China to Java
Evarcha gausapata (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra, Java
Evarcha grandis Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011 – Nigeria
Evarcha heteropogon Simon, 1903 –Vietnam
Evarcha hoyi (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) – USA, Canada
Evarcha hyllinella Strand, 1913 – Lombok
Evarcha idanrensis Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011 – Nigeria
Evarcha ignea Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008 – Zimbabwe
Evarcha improcera Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007 – Yemen
Evarcha infrastriata (Keyserling, 1881) – Queensland
Evarcha insularis (Metzner, 1999) – Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Iran
Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846) – Mediterranean, introduced in Belgium
Evarcha karas Wesołowska, 2011 – Namibia
Evarcha kirghisica Rakov, 1997 – Kyrgyzstan
Evarcha kochi Simon, 1902 – Java, Lombok
Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Palearctic
Evarcha lata Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021 – Sri Lanka
Evarcha longula (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea, Australia
Evarcha maculata Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002 – Guinea
Evarcha madagascariensis Prószynski, 1992 – Madagascar
Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1992 – France, Russia, Central Asia, China
Evarcha mirabilis Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009 – South Africa
Evarcha mongolica Danilov & Logunov, 1994 – Russia, China
Evarcha negevensis Prószynski, 2000 – Israel
Evarcha nenilini Rakov, 1997 – Central Asia
Evarcha nepos (O. P-Cambridge, 1872) – Israel
Evarcha nigricans (Dalmas, 1920) – Tunisia
Evarcha nigrifrons (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Sumatra
Evarcha obscura Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa
Evarcha patagiata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) – Syria
Evarcha picta Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007 – Yemen
Evarcha pileckii Prószynski, 2000 – Israel
Evarcha pinguis Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia
Evarcha pococki Zabka, 1985 – Bhutan to Vietnam, China
Evarcha praeclara Prószynski & Wesołowska, 2003 – Sudan, Israel, Yemen
Evarcha prosimilis Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008 – Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Evarcha proszynskii Marusik & Logunov, 1998 – Russia to Japan, USA, Canada
Evarcha pseudopococki Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993 – China
Evarcha pulchella (Thorell, 1895) – Myanmar
Evarcha reiskindi Berry, Beatty & Prószynski, 1996 – Caroline Islands
Evarcha rotundibulbis Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia
Evarcha russellsmithi Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia
Evarcha selenaria Suguro & Yahata, 2012 – Japan
Evarcha seyun Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007 – Yemen
Evarcha similis Caporiacco, 1941 – Ethiopia
Evarcha simonis (Thorell, 1892) – Singapore
Evarcha squamulata (Simon, 1902) – Sierra Leone
Evarcha striolata Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009 – South Africa
Evarcha syriaca Kulczynski, 1911 – Syria, Israel
Evarcha villosa Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018 – South Africa
Evarcha vitosa Próchniewicz, 1989 – Central, East Africa
Evarcha vittula Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011 – South Africa
Evarcha werneri (Simon, 1906) (syn. Evarcha elegans) – Ethiopia, Sudan to Uganda, Tanzania, Namibia, South Africa
Evarcha wulingensis Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993 – China
Evarcha zayu Wang, Mi & Li, 2024 – China
Evarcha zimbabwensis Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008 – Zimbabwe
Evarcha zougoussi Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022 – Ivory Coast

References

^ ^a ^b "Gen. Evarcha Simon, 1902", World Spider Catalog, 25.0, Natural History Museum Bern, doi:10.24436/2, retrieved 24 April 2024
^ Fiona R. Cross & Robert R. Jackson (2009), "Odor-mediated response to plants by Evarcha culicivora, a blood‐feeding jumping spider from East Africa", New Zealand Journal of Zoology 36(2):75–80

External links

Photograph of E. praeclara Archived 2011-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
Photograph of E. cara Archived 2011-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
Photograph of E. hoyi Archived 2005-01-14 at the Wayback Machine

This article related to jumping spiders (Salticidae) is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[WSC_g2645-1] "Gen. Evarcha Simon, 1902", World Spider Catalog, 25.0, Natural History Museum Bern, doi:10.24436/2, retrieved 24 April 2024

[2] Fiona R. Cross & Robert R. Jackson (2009), "Odor-mediated response to plants by Evarcha culicivora, a blood‐feeding jumping spider from East Africa", New Zealand Journal of Zoology 36(2):75–80

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of spiders}}
 {{Italic title}}
 {{Automatic taxobox
@@ Line 5: / Line 6: @@
 | image_caption = ''[[Evarcha albaria]]'' (female)
 | authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1902<ref name=WSC_g2645/>
-| diversity = 89 species
+| diversity = 85 species
 | diversity_link = #Species
 | type_species = ''[[Evarcha falcata|Araneus falcatus]]''
@@ Line 12: / Line 13: @@
 }}
-'''''Evarcha''''' is a [[genus]] of [[spider]]s in the family [[Salticidae]] (jumping spiders) with 89 species across the world.<ref name=WSC_g2645/>
+'''''Evarcha''''' is a [[genus]] of [[spider]]s in the family [[Salticidae]] (jumping spiders) with 85 species (and one recognized subspecies) distributed across the world.<ref name=WSC_g2645/>
 ==Habitat==
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 ==Description==
 Spiders in this genus generally look rather sturdy and are not very colorful, often brownish.
+''Evarcha culicivora'' can be an uncommon predator due to the fact it feeds on vertebrate blood by choosing blood-carrying mosquitoes as well-liked prey.<ref>Fiona R. Cross & Robert R. Jackson (2009), "Odor-mediated response to plants by ''Evarcha culicivora'', a blood‐feeding jumping spider from East Africa", ''New Zealand Journal of Zoology'' 36(2):75–80</ref>
 ==Distribution==
@@ Line 24: / Line 27: @@
 ==Species==
+[[File:Jumping Spider - Evarcha proszynskii, near Bassetts, California.jpg|thumb|''[[Evarcha proszynskii|E. proszynskii]]'' from California]]
+{{As of|2024|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following species:
-[[File:Jumping Spider - Evarcha proszynskii, near Bassetts, California.jpg|thumb|''E. proszynskii'' from California]]
+{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
 * ''[[Evarcha acuta]]'' <small>[[Wanda Wesołowska|Wesołowska]], 2006</small> – [[Namibia]]
+* ''[[Evarcha aegyptiaca]]'' <small>([[Jerzy Prószyński|Prószyński]] 2018)</small> – Egypt
+* ''[[Evarcha alba]]'' <small>([[George and Elizabeth Peckham|Peckham & Peckham]], 1903)</small> – Southern Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha albaria]]'' <small>([[Ludwig Carl Christian Koch|L. Koch]], 1878)</small> – Russia, China, [[Korea]], Japan
 * ''[[Evarcha amabilis]]'' <small>([[Carl Ludwig Koch|C. L. Koch]], 1846)</small> – United States
+* ''[[Evarcha amanzi]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018</small> – South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha annae]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1903)</small> – South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha aposto]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008</small> – Ethiopia
@@ Line 37: / Line 43: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha awashi]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008</small> – Ethiopia
 * ''[[Evarcha bakorensis]]'' <small>Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002</small> – [[Guinea]]
+* ''[[Evarcha besar]]'' <small>(Prószyński, 2018)</small> – Malaysia (Borneo)
 * ''[[Evarcha bicoronata]]'' <small>(Simon, 1901)</small> – [[Hong Kong]]
-* ''[[Evarcha bicuspidata]]'' <small>Peng & Li, 2003</small> – [[Vietnam]]
 * ''[[Evarcha bihastata]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000</small> – [[Tanzania]]
 * ''[[Evarcha brinki]]'' <small>Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011</small> – South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha bulbosa]]'' <small>Zabka, 1985</small> – China, Vietnam
-* ''[[Evarcha cancellata]]'' <small>(Simon, 1902)</small> – [[Sri Lanka]], [[Java]]
 * ''[[Evarcha carbonaria]]'' <small>(Lessert, 1927)</small> – Congo
 * ''[[Evarcha certa]]'' <small>Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002</small> – Guinea
 * ''[[Evarcha chappuisi]]'' <small>Lessert, 1925</small> – [[East Africa]]
+* ''[[Evarcha chiayiensis]]'' <small>Chen, Lin & Ueng, 2021</small> – Taiwan
 * ''[[Evarcha chubbi]]'' <small>Lessert, 1925</small> – East Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha coreana]]'' <small>Seo, 1988</small> – China, Korea
@@ Line 51: / Line 57: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha culicivora]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Jackson, 2003</small> – Kenya
 * ''[[Evarcha darinurica]]'' <small>Logunov, 2001</small> – Afghanistan
+* ''[[Evarcha dena]]'' <small>Zamani, 2017</small> – Iran
 * ''[[Evarcha denticulata]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Haddad, 2013</small> – South Africa
-* ''[[Evarcha digitata]]'' <small>Peng & Li, 2002</small> – China
 * ''[[Evarcha dubia]]'' <small>([[Wladislaus Kulczynski|Kulczynski]], 1901)</small> – [[Ethiopia]]
-* ''[[Evarcha elegans]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000</small> – Tanzania
+* ''[[Evarcha eriki]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 1987</small> – Canary Is.
-* ''[[Evarcha eriki]]'' <small>Wunderlich, 1987</small> – [[Canary Islands]]
 * ''[[Evarcha falcata]]'' <small>(Clerck, 1757)</small> – Palearctic
-** ''Evarcha falcata nigrofusca'' <small>([[Embrik Strand|Strand]], 1900)</small> – Norway
-** ''Evarcha falcata xinglongensis'' <small>Yang & Tang, 1996</small> – China
 * ''[[Evarcha fasciata]]'' <small>Seo, 1992</small> – China, Korea, Japan
 * ''[[Evarcha flagellaris]]'' <small>Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011</small> – South Africa
@@ Line 64: / Line 67: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha gausapata]]'' <small>([[Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell|Thorell]], 1890)</small> – Sumatra, Java
 * ''[[Evarcha grandis]]'' <small>Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011</small> – Nigeria
-* ''[[Evarcha hirticeps]]'' <small>(Song & Chai, 1992)</small> – China
+* ''[[Evarcha heteropogon]]'' <small>Simon, 1903</small> –Vietnam
-* ''[[Evarcha hoyi]]'' <small>([[George and Elizabeth Peckham|Peckham & Peckham]], 1883)</small> – USA, Canada
+* ''[[Evarcha hoyi]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> – USA, Canada
 * ''[[Evarcha hyllinella]]'' <small>Strand, 1913</small> – [[Lombok]]
 * ''[[Evarcha idanrensis]]'' <small>Wesołowska & A. Russell-Smith, 2011</small> – Nigeria
@@ Line 71: / Line 74: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha improcera]]'' <small>Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007</small> – Yemen
 * ''[[Evarcha infrastriata]]'' <small>([[Eugen von Keyserling|Keyserling]], 1881)</small> – [[Queensland]]
+* ''[[Evarcha insularis]]'' <small>(Metzner, 1999)</small> – Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Iran
 * ''[[Evarcha jucunda]]'' <small>(Lucas, 1846)</small> – [[Mediterranean]], introduced in Belgium
 * ''[[Evarcha karas]]'' <small>Wesołowska, 2011</small> – Namibia
@@ Line 76: / Line 80: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha kochi]]'' <small>Simon, 1902</small> – Java, Lombok
 * ''[[Evarcha laetabunda]]'' <small>(C. L. Koch, 1846)</small> – Palearctic
+* ''[[Evarcha lata]]'' <small>Kanesharatnam & Benjamin, 2021</small> – Sri Lanka
+* ''[[Evarcha longula]]'' <small>(Thorell, 1881)</small> – New Guinea, Australia
 * ''[[Evarcha maculata]]'' <small>Rollard & Wesołowska, 2002</small> – Guinea
 * ''[[Evarcha madagascariensis]]'' <small>Prószynski, 1992</small> – [[Madagascar]]
@@ Line 87: / Line 93: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha nigrifrons]]'' <small>(C. L. Koch, 1846)</small> – Sumatra
 * ''[[Evarcha obscura]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1947</small> – [[East Africa]]
-* ''[[Evarcha optabilis]]'' <small>(Fox, 1937)</small> – China
-* ''[[Evarcha orientalis]]'' <small>(Song & Chai, 1992)</small> – China
-* ''[[Evarcha paralbaria]]'' <small>Song & Chai, 1992</small> – China
 * ''[[Evarcha patagiata]]'' <small>(O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)</small> – [[Syria]]
-* ''[[Evarcha petrae]]'' <small>Prószynski, 1992</small> – [[Thailand]]
 * ''[[Evarcha picta]]'' <small>Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007</small> – Yemen
 * ''[[Evarcha pileckii]]'' <small>Prószynski, 2000</small> – Israel
@@ Line 106: / Line 108: @@
 * ''[[Evarcha selenaria]]'' <small>Suguro & Yahata, 2012</small> – Japan
 * ''[[Evarcha seyun]]'' <small>Wesołowska & van Harten, 2007</small> – Yemen
-* ''[[Evarcha sichuanensis]]'' <small>Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993</small> – China
 * ''[[Evarcha similis]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1941</small> – Ethiopia
+* ''[[Evarcha simonis]]'' <small>(Thorell, 1892)</small> – Singapore
 * ''[[Evarcha squamulata]]'' <small>(Simon, 1902)</small> – Sierra Leone
 * ''[[Evarcha striolata]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Haddad, 2009</small> – South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha syriaca]]'' <small>Kulczynski, 1911</small> – Syria, Israel
+* ''[[Evarcha villosa]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Haddad, 2018</small> – South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha vitosa]]'' <small>Próchniewicz, 1989</small> – Central, East Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha vittula]]'' <small>Haddad & Wesołowska, 2011</small> – South Africa
-* ''[[Evarcha wenxianensis]]'' <small>Tang & Yang, 1995</small> – China
+* ''[[Evarcha werneri]]'' <small>(Simon, 1906)</small> (syn. ''Evarcha elegans'') – Ethiopia, Sudan to Uganda, Tanzania, Namibia, South Africa
 * ''[[Evarcha wulingensis]]'' <small>Peng, Xie & Kim, 1993</small> – China
+* ''[[Evarcha zayu]]'' <small>Wang, Mi & Li, 2024</small> – China
 * ''[[Evarcha zimbabwensis]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Cumming, 2008</small> – Zimbabwe
+* ''[[Evarcha zougoussi]]'' <small>Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2022</small> – Ivory Coast
+{{Div col end}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|refs=
-<ref name=WSC_g2645>{{citation |title=Gen. ''Evarcha'' Simon, 1902 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/2645 |accessdate=2017-02-25 }}</ref>
+<ref name=WSC_g2645>{{citation |title=Gen. ''Evarcha'' Simon, 1902 |work=World Spider Catalog |version=25.0|publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/2645 |access-date=24 April 2024| doi=10.24436/2}}</ref>
 }}
+==Further reading==
+* Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson & Simon D. Pollard (2008), "Complex display behaviour of ''Evarcha culicivora'', an East African mosquito‐eating jumping spider", ''New Zealand Journal of Zoology'', 35(2), 151–187, {{doi|10.1080/03014220809510112}}
 ==External links==
 {{Commons|Evarcha}}
-* [http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/prae-yph.htm Photograph of ''E. praeclara'']
+* [http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/prae-yph.htm Photograph of ''E. praeclara''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829061156/http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/prae-yph.htm |date=2011-08-29 }}
-* [http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/cara-yph.htm Photograph of ''E. cara'']
+* [http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/cara-yph.htm Photograph of ''E. cara''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829050158/http://salticus.zoology.ubc.ca/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/cara-yph.htm |date=2011-08-29 }}
-* [http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/hoyi-gb.htm Photograph of ''E. hoyi'']
+* [http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/hoyi-gb.htm Photograph of ''E. hoyi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050114100849/http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/diagnost/evarcha/hoyi-gb.htm |date=2005-01-14 }}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q579424}}
@@ Line 132: / Line 141: @@
 [[Category:Salticidae genera]]
 [[Category:Cosmopolitan spiders]]
+[[Category:Salticidae]]