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GreatCell Solar Limited (ASX: GSL), previously known as Dyesol, was a solar energy company developing perovskite solar cell 3rd generation thin-film solar cell technologies and materials. The company was previously focused on developing dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC or DSSC) technology before shifting focus to perovskite solar cells, and had been since assisting manufacturing partners with the production of perovskite photovoltaic modules. The company was based in Queanbeyan, Australia and opened its manufacturing and research facilities in October 2008. It had expanded to several locations around the world, including the UK and Switzerland, and established joint ventures in South Korea and Singapore.^{[citation needed]}

The company was predominantly focused on perovskite solar cell and materials development, with numerous academic and corporate partnerships attempting to commercialize modules based on both glass and metal substrates by 2019 and 2020 respectively.^[1] In July 2017, a memorandum of understanding was signed with the world's largest solar panel manufacturer, Jinko Solar, a decision made in hopes of allowing for large-scale deployment of the technology.^[2] In October 2018, the Materials Division of Greatcell Solar was branched off into a new business, Greatcell Solar Materials (GSM), now based in Queanbeyan.^[3]

In December 2018, GreatCell Solar Limited entered administration^[4] and was put into liquidation in September 2019.^[5]

Greatcell Solar Materials still operates as a manufacturer and supplier of materials (including perovskite precursors, dyes and titania pastes) for renewable energy systems in cooperation with the photovoltaics research sector and the wider electronics industry.^[6]

DSC development and company history

Dye-sensitized solar cell technology was invented at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1988 by Brian O'Regan and Michael Grätzel. Their paper, "A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO₂ films", was published in 1991 in the journal Nature, and spawned a new research field to harvest electrical power from sunlight. Since that time, Michael Grätzel, now at Switzerland's École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), has received numerous awards and accolades in relation to the invention of DSCs, and maintained close links to Dyesol as Chairman of Dyesol's Technical Advisory Board.

From 1994, STI and Greatcell teams in Australia and Switzerland developed DSC technology and established the world's first DSC prototype manufacturing facility in Australia in 2000. Key to that development phase was the invention of processes, new materials, and equipment to manufacture DSC products. Dyesol acquired the laboratory, manufacturing equipment and intellectual property which has resulted in a large portfolio of patents. Dyesol further acquired STI in 2006 and Greatcell in 2007.

Dyesol Limited was formed in 2004 to accelerate the commercial development of DSC technology and build on the DSC work of previous 14 years carried out by Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd ("STI"), Greatcell Solar S.A. ("Greatcell"), and Switzerland's École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). It was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 2005 (DYE) and the German Open Market (D5I.F), and is trading on the OTCQX (DYSOY) through its depositary BNY Mellon.

In May 2013 Dyesol announced that Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) technology has achieved a technical breakthrough by achieving a solid-state DSC (ss-DSC) efficiency of 11.3% at full sun. The technology is particularly important in solar markets where light conditions are sub-optimal, such as Europe, North America and North-East Asia, or low-light conditions (such as indoor applications) where much higher efficiencies over 30% can be achieved.

On July 11, 2013, Dyesol /EPFL announced a new record DSC efficiency. Michael Grätzel stated "Our research work on solid-state Dye Solar Cells (ss-DSC) is now achieving efficiencies exceeding 15%".^[7] However, this is now considered a perovskite solar cell and the official accredited DSC solar cell efficiency is 11.9% determined by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.^[8] This efficiency is not expected to greatly increase as the DSC field has largely shifted to the development of perovskite solar cells which have achieved certified efficiencies over 23%.^[9]

Subsidiaries and Partnerships

Subsidiaries

Dyesol-Timo Co Ltd (ssDSC & Liquid DSC on Glass / Polymers / Steel), South Korea
Dyesol Automotive Bavaria GmbH (ssDSC & Liquid DSC for Automotive), Germany
Dyesol-Printed Power Pte Ltd (Research into Combined Energy Generation and Storage (CEGS)), Singapore

Academic and R&D Partners

EPFL On going research mainly into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Switzerland
Nanyang Technological University Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Singapore
CSIRO Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Australia
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation ANSTO, Australia
Bangor University
University of Sheffield
University of Manchester
Swansea University
SPECIFIC Wales
- AkzoNobel Performance Coatings
- TATA Steel Europe Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
- BASF Chemicles
- Alcro-Beckers AB Paint
- Nippon Sheet Glass Glass
- EPSRC
- Innovate UK

Commercial Partners

Merck KGaA (Supplying electrolytes, ionic liquids)
Sigma-Aldrich (Global Distribution of DSC and ssDSC Materials)
TASNEE (Assistance with future funding and guarantees), Saudi Arabia
Cristal (Supplying Nano-Titania for use by Dyesol partners), Saudi Arabia

Suppliers

Sefar AG Supplying transparent conducting film for use by Dyesol partners
Pilkington Supplying Transparent Conductive Oxides for use by Dyesol partners
Umicore Supplying liquid DSC dyes for use by Dyesol partners
SIA Engineering Company/Meerkat Manufacturing facilities for use by Dyesol Partners

Industrial Consumers

G24 Innovations Ltd. (Dyes)
Nesli DSC (Turkey)

Distribution

TATA Steel Europe Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
ThyssenKrupp
CSR Viridian

References

^ "GreatCell Solar » Projects". Archived from the original on 2018-10-27. Retrieved 2018-10-15.
^ "JinkoSolar starts perovskite cell R&D collaboration". 20 July 2017.
^ "Interview with Greatcell Solar Materials' GM Yanek Hebting | Perovskite-Info".
^ "Australia solar pioneer collapses after funding failure, death of lead scientist". 11 December 2018.
^ "Notice Details".
^ "Home". greatcellsolarmaterials.com.
^ Papageorgiou, Nik (7 November 2013). "Dye-sensitized solar cells rival conventional cell efficiency".
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links

[1] "GreatCell Solar » Projects". Archived from the original on 2018-10-27. Retrieved 2018-10-15.

[2] "JinkoSolar starts perovskite cell R&D collaboration". 20 July 2017.

[3] "Interview with Greatcell Solar Materials' GM Yanek Hebting | Perovskite-Info".

[4] "Australia solar pioneer collapses after funding failure, death of lead scientist". 11 December 2018.

[5] "Notice Details".

[6] "Home". greatcellsolarmaterials.com.

[7] Papageorgiou, Nik (7 November 2013). "Dye-sensitized solar cells rival conventional cell efficiency".

[8] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[9] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-10-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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+{{Short description|Former solar energy company}}
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+{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2014}}
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+'''GreatCell Solar Limited''' ({{ASX|GSL}}), previously known as '''Dyesol''', was a [[solar energy]] company developing [[perovskite solar cell]] 3rd generation [[thin-film solar cell]] technologies and materials. The [[company]] was previously focused on developing [[dye-sensitized solar cell]] (DSC or DSSC) [[technology]] before shifting focus to perovskite solar cells, and had been since assisting [[manufacturing]] partners with the production of perovskite photovoltaic modules. The company was based in [[Queanbeyan]], [[Australia]] and opened its manufacturing and [[research]] facilities in October 2008. It had expanded to several locations around the world, including the [[UK]] and [[Switzerland]], and established joint ventures in [[South Korea]] and [[Singapore]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
+The company was predominantly focused on [[perovskite solar cell]] and materials development, with numerous academic and corporate partnerships attempting to commercialize modules based on both glass and metal substrates by 2019 and 2020 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greatcellsolar.com/projects/ |title=GreatCell Solar » Projects |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027030931/http://www.greatcellsolar.com/projects/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2017, a [[memorandum of understanding]] was signed with the world's largest solar panel manufacturer, [[Jinko Solar]], a decision made in hopes of allowing for large-scale deployment of the technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pv-tech.org/news/jinkosolar-starts-perovskite-cell-rd-collaboration|title = JinkoSolar starts perovskite cell R&D collaboration|date = 20 July 2017}}</ref> In October 2018, the Materials Division of Greatcell Solar was branched off into a new business, Greatcell Solar Materials (GSM), now based in Queanbeyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perovskite-info.com/interview-greatcell-solar-materials-gm-yanek-hebting|title=Interview with Greatcell Solar Materials' GM Yanek Hebting &#124; Perovskite-Info}}</ref>
-'''GreatCell Solar Limited''' ({{ASX|GSL}}) previously known as '''Dyesol''', was a [[solar energy]] company developing [[perovskite solar cell]] 3rd generation [[thin-film solar cell]] technologies and materials. The company was previously focused on developing [[dye-sensitized solar cell]] (DSC or DSSC) technology but then focused on perovskite solar cells, and assisted manufacturing partners to produce perovskite photovoltaic modules. The company was based in [[Queanbeyan]], [[Australia]] and opened its manufacturing and research facilities in October 2008. It expanded to several locations around the world, including the [[UK]] and [[Switzerland]], and established joint ventures in [[South Korea]] and [[Singapore]].
+In December 2018, GreatCell Solar Limited entered administration<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/australia-solar-pioneer-collapses-after-funding-failure-death-of-lead-scientist-52568/|title=Australia solar pioneer collapses after funding failure, death of lead scientist|date=11 December 2018}}</ref> and was put into liquidation in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insolvencynotices.asic.gov.au/browsesearch-notices/notice-details/Greatcell-Solar-Limited-111723883/f484120f-ef19-4a93-aee0-3e568dd29e30|title=Notice Details}}</ref>
-The company was predominantly focused on [[perovskite solar cell]] and materials development, with numerous academic and corporate partnerships trying to commercialise modules based on both glass and metal substrates by 2019 and 2020 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greatcellsolar.com/projects/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027030931/http://www.greatcellsolar.com/projects/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2017, a [[memorandum of understanding]] was signed with the world's largest solar panel manufacturer [[Jinko Solar]] which was hoped to lead to large scale deployment of the technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pv-tech.org/news/jinkosolar-starts-perovskite-cell-rd-collaboration|title = JinkoSolar starts perovskite cell R&D collaboration|date = 20 July 2017}}</ref> In October 2018, the Materials Division of Greatcell Solar was spun off, in a new business called Greatcell Solar Materials (GSM), based in Queanbeyan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perovskite-info.com/interview-greatcell-solar-materials-gm-yanek-hebting|title=Interview with Greatcell Solar Materials' GM Yanek Hebting &#124; Perovskite-Info}}</ref>
+Greatcell Solar Materials still operates as a manufacturer and supplier of materials (including perovskite precursors, dyes and titania pastes) for [[renewable energy]] systems in cooperation with the photovoltaics research sector and the wider electronics industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.greatcellsolarmaterials.com/ |title=Home |website=greatcellsolarmaterials.com}}</ref>
-In December 2018, GreatCell Solar Limited entered administration <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://reneweconomy.com.au/australia-solar-pioneer-collapses-after-funding-failure-death-of-lead-scientist-52568/|title=Australia solar pioneer collapses after funding failure, death of lead scientist|date=11 December 2018}}</ref> and was put into liquidation in September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insolvencynotices.asic.gov.au/browsesearch-notices/notice-details/Greatcell-Solar-Limited-111723883/f484120f-ef19-4a93-aee0-3e568dd29e30|title=Notice Details}}</ref>
-Greatcell Solar Materials still operates as a manufacturer and supplier of materials (including perovskite precursors, dyes and titania pastes) for renewable energy systems applications to the photovoltaics research sector and the electronics industry.<ref>https://www.greatcellsolarmaterials.com</ref>
 == DSC development and company history ==
-[[Dye-sensitized solar cell]] technology was invented at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1988 by Brian O'Regan and [[Michael Graetzel]]. Their paper '''A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO<sub>2</sub> films''', published in 1991 in the journal, ''Nature'', spawned a new research field and a new route to harvest electrical power from sunlight. Since that time [[Michael Grätzel]], now at Switzerland's École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), has received numerous awards and accolades in relation to the invention of DSCs, and maintained close links to Dyesol as Chairman of Dyesol's Technical Advisory Board.
+[[Dye-sensitized solar cell]] technology was invented at the Institute of [[Physical chemistry|Physical Chemistry]], Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in [[Lausanne]], Switzerland in 1988 by [[Brian O'Regan (chemist)|Brian O'Regan]] and [[Michael Grätzel]]. Their paper, "''A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO<sub>2</sub> films''", was published in 1991 in the journal ''Nature'', and spawned a new research field to harvest electrical power from sunlight. Since that time, Michael Grätzel, now at Switzerland's [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (EPFL), has received numerous [[Award|awards]] and accolades in relation to the invention of DSCs, and maintained close links to Dyesol as Chairman of Dyesol's Technical Advisory Board.
-[[File:Liquid DSC vs solid state DSC.jpg|thumb|Major differences between DSC & ssDSC]]
+[[File:Liquid DSC vs solid state DSC.jpg|thumb|Major differences between DSC & ss-DSC]]
-From 1994, STI and Greatcell teams in Australia and Switzerland developed DSC technology and established the world's first DSC prototype manufacturing facility in Australia in 2000.  Key to that development phase was the invention of processes, new materials, and equipment to manufacture DSC products. Dyesol acquired the laboratory, manufacturing equipment and intellectual property which has resulted in a large portfolio of patents.  Dyesol further acquired STI in 2006 and Greatcell in 2007.
+From 1994, STI and Greatcell teams in Australia and Switzerland developed DSC technology and established the world's first DSC prototype manufacturing facility in Australia in 2000. Key to that development phase was the invention of processes, new materials, and equipment to manufacture DSC products. Dyesol acquired the laboratory, manufacturing equipment and intellectual property which has resulted in a large portfolio of patents. Dyesol further acquired STI in 2006 and Greatcell in 2007.
 Dyesol Limited was formed in 2004 to accelerate the commercial development of DSC technology and build on the DSC work of previous 14 years carried out by Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd ("STI"), Greatcell Solar S.A. ("Greatcell"), and Switzerland's École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). It was listed on the [[Australian Stock Exchange]] in 2005 (DYE) and the German Open Market (D5I.F), and is trading on the OTCQX (DYSOY) through its depositary BNY Mellon.
 [[File:Transperant Tandem DSC on Glass.gif|thumb|Transparent Tandem DSC on Glass]]
-In May 2013 Dyesol announced that Dye-sensitized Solar Cell ([[Dye-sensitized solar cell|DSC]]) technology has achieved a technical breakthrough by achieving a solid-state DSC ('''ss-DSC''') efficiency of 11.3% at full sun. The technology is particularly important in solar markets where light conditions are sub-optimal, such as Europe, North America and North-East Asia, or low-light conditions (such as indoor applications) where much higher efficiencies over 30% can be achieved.
+In May 2013 Dyesol announced that Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) technology has achieved a technical breakthrough by achieving a solid-state DSC ('''ss-DSC''') efficiency of 11.3% at full sun. The technology is particularly important in solar markets where light conditions are sub-optimal, such as Europe, North America and North-East Asia, or low-light conditions (such as indoor applications) where much higher [[Efficiency|efficiencies]] over 30% can be achieved.
 [[File:SsDSC vs DSC.gif|thumb|Solid State DSC efficiency against Liquid DSC]]
-On July 11, 2013 Dyesol /[[EPFL]] announced a new record DSC efficiency. [[Michael Grätzel]] stated "Our research work on solid-state Dye Solar Cells ('''ss-DSC''') is now achieving efficiencies exceeding 15%".<ref>{{Cite document|url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/dye-sensitized-solar-cells-rival-conventional-ce-2/|title = Dye-sensitized solar cells rival conventional cell efficiency|date = 7 November 2013|last1 = Papageorgiou|first1 = Nik}}</ref> However, this is now considered a perovskite solar cell and the official accredited DSC [[solar cell efficiency]] is 11.9% determined by the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032645/https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This efficiency is not expected to greatly increase as the DSC field has largely shifted to the development of perovskite solar cells which have achieved certified efficiencies over 23%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032645/https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+On July 11, 2013, Dyesol /[[EPFL]] announced a new record DSC efficiency. Michael Grätzel stated "Our research work on solid-state Dye Solar Cells ('''ss-DSC''') is now achieving efficiencies exceeding 15%".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/dye-sensitized-solar-cells-rival-conventional-ce-2/|title = Dye-sensitized solar cells rival conventional cell efficiency|date = 7 November 2013|last1 = Papageorgiou|first1 = Nik}}</ref> However, this is now considered a perovskite solar cell and the official accredited DSC [[solar cell efficiency]] is 11.9% determined by the [[National Renewable Energy Laboratory]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032645/https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This efficiency is not expected to greatly increase as the DSC field has largely shifted to the development of perovskite solar cells which have achieved certified efficiencies over 23%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-10-15 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032645/https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/pv-efficiencies-07-17-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 [[File:Dyesol_ssDSC_on_Steel.png|thumb|Dyesol ssDSC on Steel (Solar Steel)]]
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 Subsidiaries
-* Dyesol-Timo Co Ltd ( ssDSC & Liquid DSC on Glass / Polymers / Steel ) South Korea
+* Dyesol-Timo Co Ltd (ssDSC & Liquid DSC on Glass / Polymers / Steel), South Korea
-* Dyesol Automotive Bavaria GmbH ( ssDSC & Liquid DSC for Automotive) Germany
+* Dyesol Automotive Bavaria GmbH (ssDSC & Liquid DSC for Automotive), Germany
-* Dyesol-Printed Power Pte Ltd (Research into Combined Energy Generation and Storage ([[CEGS]])). Singapore
+* Dyesol-Printed Power Pte Ltd (Research into Combined Energy Generation and Storage (CEGS)), Singapore
 Academic and R&D Partners
-* [[EPFL]] On going Research mainly into Solid State DSC (ssDSC).  Switzerland
+* [[EPFL]] On going research mainly into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Switzerland
-* [[Nanyang Technological University]] Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC) Singapore
+* [[Nanyang Technological University]] Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Singapore
-* [[CSIRO]] Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC) Australia
+* [[CSIRO]] Research into Solid State DSC (ssDSC), Australia
-* [[Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation]] ANSTO  Australia
+* [[Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation]] ANSTO, Australia
 * [[Bangor University]]
 * [[University of Sheffield]]
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 * [[Swansea University]]
 * [[SPECIFIC]] Wales
-** [[AkzoNobel]]  Performance Coatings
+** [[AkzoNobel]] Performance Coatings
-** TATA Steel Europe   Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
+** TATA Steel Europe Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
 ** [[BASF]] Chemicles
-** Alcro-Beckers AB   Paint
+** Alcro-Beckers AB Paint
-** [[Nippon Sheet Glass]]   Glass
+** [[Nippon Sheet Glass]] Glass
 ** [http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/ EPSRC]
 ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728190436/https://www.innovateuk.org/energy Innovate UK]
 Commercial Partners
-* [[Merck KGaA]]  (Supplying electrolytes, ionic liquids)
+* [[Merck KGaA]] (Supplying electrolytes, ionic liquids)
 * [[Sigma-Aldrich]] (Global Distribution of DSC and ssDSC Materials)
-* TASNEE ( Assistance with future funding and guarantees) Saudi Arabia
+* TASNEE (Assistance with future funding and guarantees), Saudi Arabia
-* Cristal ( Supplying Nano-Titania for use by Dyesol partners )  Saudi Arabia
+* Cristal (Supplying Nano-Titania for use by Dyesol partners), Saudi Arabia
 Suppliers
 * Sefar AG Supplying [[transparent conducting film]] for use by Dyesol partners
 * [[Pilkington]] Supplying Transparent Conductive Oxides for use by Dyesol partners
-* [[Umicore]]  Supplying liquid DSC dyes for use by Dyesol partners
+* [[Umicore]] Supplying liquid DSC dyes for use by Dyesol partners
 * SIA Engineering Company/Meerkat Manufacturing facilities for use by Dyesol Partners
 Industrial Consumers
-* G24 Innovations Ltd.   ( Dyes )
+* G24 Innovations Ltd. (Dyes)
-* [http://www.nesli.com.tr/solar.energy.html Nesli DSC]  ( Turkey )
+* [http://www.nesli.com.tr/solar.energy.html Nesli DSC] (Turkey)
 Distribution
-* TATA Steel Europe   Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
+* TATA Steel Europe Colorcoat Steel Roofing & Siding
 * ThyssenKrupp''' '''
 * CSR Viridian
-.
 == References ==
@@ Line 84: / Line 83: @@
 == External links ==
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071218070759/http://www.dyesol.com/ Dyesol]
-* [http://www.sciencemag.org/content/342/6165/1438.2 Science Magazine:- Newcomer Juices Up the Race to Harness Sunlight]
+* [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.342.6165.1438-b Science Magazine:- Newcomer Juices Up the Race to Harness Sunlight]
 * [http://hotcopper.com.au/announcementFiles/2014/DYE/4bd8ff5c-a464-4ec2-845e-1eb24bc1c5e3-DYE666790.pdf Turkey Takes Important DSC Commercialisation Steps]
 * [http://prwire.com.au/pr/45910/dyesol-and-sigma-aldrich-sign-global-distribution-agreement-for-dsc-and-ssdsc-materials   Dyesol Limited has signed a Global Distribution Agreement with Sigma-Aldrich® Corporation ]