Trinitramide: Difference between revisions
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| verifiedrevid = 405508799 |
| verifiedrevid = 405508799 |
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| ImageFileL1 = trinitramide.svg |
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| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 121 |
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| ImageAltL1 = Structural formula of trinitramide |
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| ImageFileR1 = Trinitramide-3D-spacefill.png |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 121 |
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| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of trinitramide |
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| IUPACName = ''N'',''N''-Dinitronitramide |
| IUPACName = ''N'',''N''-Dinitronitramide |
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| OtherNames = Trinitroamine |
| OtherNames = {{ubl|Trinitroamine|Trinitroammonia}} |
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| SystematicName = <!-- Trinitroamine (substitutive) OR Trinitronitrogen (additive) --> |
| SystematicName = <!-- Trinitroamine (substitutive) OR Trinitronitrogen (additive) --> |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 113282-38-5 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 24751851 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| SMILES = O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O |
| PubChem = 57459337 |
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| SMILES = O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O |
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| SMILES1 = N([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] |
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| StdInChI = 1S/N4O6/c5-2(6)1(3(7)8)4(9)10 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = LZLKDWBQTGTOQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = {{chem2|N(NO2)3}} |
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| N = 4 |
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| N=4 | O=6}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| ExactMass = 151.981783752 g mol<sup>-1</sup>}} |
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| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|[[Ammonia]]|[[Nitramide]]|[[Dinitramide]]|[[Dinitrogen pentoxide]]|[[Tetranitromethane]]}} |
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'''Trinitramide''' is a compound of [[nitrogen]] and [[oxygen]] with the molecular formula N( |
'''Trinitramide''' is a compound of [[nitrogen]] and [[oxygen]] with the [[molecular formula]] {{chem2|N(NO2)3|auto=1}}. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] (KTH) in [[Sweden]].<ref name=Rahm>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/anie.201007047 | pmid=21268214 | volume=50 | issue=5 | title=Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3 | year=2010 | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition | pages=1145–1148 | author=Rahm Martin| s2cid=32952729}}</ref> It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three [[nitro group]]s ({{chem2|\sNO2}}). |
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Earlier, there had been speculation{{By whom|date=January 2011}} whether trinitramide could exist.{{Request quotation|date=January 2011}}<!-- it is not clear that this assertion is supported by the end-of-paragraph cite of Montgomery and Michels, 1993. |
Earlier, there had been speculation{{By whom|date=January 2011}} whether trinitramide could exist.{{Request quotation|date=January 2011}}<!-- it is not clear that this assertion is supported by the end-of-paragraph cite of Montgomery and Michels, 1993. Can we have a short quotation added to the citation, please? --> Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Structure and stability of trinitramide |author=J. A. Montgomery Jr. |author2=H. H. Michels |name-list-style=amp |journal=[[Journal of Physical Chemistry]] |volume= 97 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6775 |date=July 1993 |doi=10.1021/j100128a005}}<!--|accessdate=December 22, 2010 --></ref> |
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== Preparation == |
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| ⚫ | Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of [[Rocket propellant|rocket propellant oxidizers]], as it is [[chlorine]]-free.<ref name=sd20101222> |
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Trinitramide is prepared by the [[nitration]] reaction of either potassium dinitramide or [[ammonium dinitramide]] with [[nitronium tetrafluoroborate]] in [[acetonitrile]] at low temperatures.<ref name="Rahm" /> |
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| ⚫ | The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 |
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:{{chem2|[NH4]+[N(NO2)2]− + [NO2]+[BF4]− → N(NO2)3 + [[Ammonium tetrafluoroborate|[NH4]+[BF4]−]]}} |
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== Uses == |
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| ⚫ | Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of [[Rocket propellant|rocket propellant oxidizers]], as it is [[chlorine]]-free.<ref name=sd20101222>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101222071831.htm Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel], ''[[Science Daily]]'', 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 percent better than most existing formulations,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/January/07011103.asp | title=New molecule could propel rockets}}</ref> however the [[specific impulse]] (impulse per mass) of formulations with [[liquid oxygen]] is higher.<ref name=Rahm/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Nitrogen oxides]] |
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[[Category:Inorganic nitrogen compounds]] |
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[[Category:Rocket oxidizers]] |
[[Category:Rocket oxidizers]] |
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[[Category:Spacecraft propulsion]] |
[[Category:Spacecraft propulsion]] |
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[[Category:Nitroamines]] |
[[Category:Nitroamines]] |
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[[da:Trinitramid]] |
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[[de:Trinitramid]] |
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[[es:Trinitramida]] |
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[[fr:Trinitramide]] |
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[[ru:Тринитрамид]] |
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[[zh:三硝基胺]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:58, 2 May 2024
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC name
N,N-Dinitronitramide
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Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| N(NO2)3 | |||
| Molar mass | 152.022 g·mol−1 | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Trinitramide is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen with the molecular formula N(NO2)3. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden.[1] It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three nitro groups (−NO2).
Earlier, there had been speculation[by whom?] whether trinitramide could exist.[need quotation to verify] Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.[2]
Preparation
[edit]Trinitramide is prepared by the nitration reaction of either potassium dinitramide or ammonium dinitramide with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile at low temperatures.[1]
- [NH4]+[N(NO2)2]− + [NO2]+[BF4]− → N(NO2)3 + [NH4]+[BF4]−
Uses
[edit]Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of rocket propellant oxidizers, as it is chlorine-free.[3] This is potentially an important development, because the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation implies that even small improvements in specific impulse yields a similar change in delta-v, which can make large improvements in the size of practical rocket launch payloads. The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 percent better than most existing formulations,[4] however the specific impulse (impulse per mass) of formulations with liquid oxygen is higher.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Rahm Martin (2010). "Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (5): 1145–1148. doi:10.1002/anie.201007047. PMID 21268214. S2CID 32952729.
- ^ J. A. Montgomery Jr. & H. H. Michels (July 1993). "Structure and stability of trinitramide". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (26): 6774–6775. doi:10.1021/j100128a005.
- ^ Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel, Science Daily, 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.
- ^ "New molecule could propel rockets".
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