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| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of trinitramide
| ImageAltR1 = Space-filling model of trinitramide
| IUPACName = ''N'',''N''-Dinitronitramide
| IUPACName = ''N'',''N''-Dinitronitramide
| OtherNames = Trinitroamine
| OtherNames = {{ubl|Trinitroamine|Trinitroammonia}}
| SystematicName = <!-- Trinitroamine (substitutive) OR Trinitronitrogen (additive) -->
| SystematicName = <!-- Trinitroamine (substitutive) OR Trinitronitrogen (additive) -->
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
Line 17: Line 17:
| ChemSpiderID = 24751851
| ChemSpiderID = 24751851
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| PubChem = 57459337
| SMILES = O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O
| SMILES = O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O
| SMILES1 = N([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
| SMILES1 = N([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem2|N(NO2)3}}
| N=4 | O=6}}
| N=4 | O=6}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = {{ubl|[[Ammonia]]|[[Nitramide]]|[[Dinitramide]]|[[Dinitrogen pentoxide]]|[[Tetranitromethane]]}}
}}
}}
}}
'''Trinitramide''' is a compound of [[nitrogen]] and [[oxygen]] with the molecular formula N(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] (KTH) in [[Sweden]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/anie.201007047 | volume=50 | issue=5 | title=Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3 | year=2010 | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition | pages=1145–1148 | author=Rahm Martin}}</ref> It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three nitro groups(-NO<sub>2</sub>).
'''Trinitramide''' is a compound of [[nitrogen]] and [[oxygen]] with the [[molecular formula]] {{chem2|N(NO2)3|auto=1}}. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the [[Royal Institute of Technology]] (KTH) in [[Sweden]].<ref name=Rahm>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/anie.201007047 | pmid=21268214 | volume=50 | issue=5 | title=Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3 | year=2010 | journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition | pages=1145–1148 | author=Rahm Martin| s2cid=32952729}}</ref> It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three [[nitro group]]s ({{chem2|\sNO2}}).


Earlier, there had been speculation{{By whom|date=January 2011}} whether trinitramide could exist.{{Request quotation|date=January 2011}}<!-- it is not clear that this assertion is supported by the end-of-paragraph cite of Montgomery and Michels, 1993. Can we have a short quotation added to the citation, please? --> Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Structure and stability of trinitramide |author=J. A. Montgomery Jr. |author2=H. H. Michels |last-author-amp=yes |journal=[[Journal of Physical Chemistry]] |volume= 97 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6775 |date=July 1993 |doi=10.1021/j100128a005}}<!--|accessdate=December 22, 2010 --></ref>
Earlier, there had been speculation{{By whom|date=January 2011}} whether trinitramide could exist.{{Request quotation|date=January 2011}}<!-- it is not clear that this assertion is supported by the end-of-paragraph cite of Montgomery and Michels, 1993. Can we have a short quotation added to the citation, please? --> Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Structure and stability of trinitramide |author=J. A. Montgomery Jr. |author2=H. H. Michels |name-list-style=amp |journal=[[Journal of Physical Chemistry]] |volume= 97 |issue=26 |pages=6774–6775 |date=July 1993 |doi=10.1021/j100128a005}}<!--|accessdate=December 22, 2010 --></ref>


== Preparation ==
Trinitramide is prepared by the [[nitration]] reaction of either potassium dinitramide or [[ammonium dinitramide]] with [[nitronium tetrafluoroborate]] in [[acetonitrile]] at low temperatures.<ref name="Rahm" />

:{{chem2|[NH4]+[N(NO2)2]− + [NO2]+[BF4]− → N(NO2)3 + [[Ammonium tetrafluoroborate|[NH4]+[BF4]−]]}}

== Uses ==
Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of [[Rocket propellant|rocket propellant oxidizers]], as it is [[chlorine]]-free.<ref name=sd20101222>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101222071831.htm Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel], ''[[Science Daily]]'', 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.</ref>
Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of [[Rocket propellant|rocket propellant oxidizers]], as it is [[chlorine]]-free.<ref name=sd20101222>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101222071831.htm Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel], ''[[Science Daily]]'', 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.</ref>
This is potentially an important development, because the [[Tsiolkovsky rocket equation]] implies that even small improvements in rocket [[delta-v]] can make large improvements in the size of practical rocket launch payloads.
This is potentially an important development, because the [[Tsiolkovsky rocket equation]] implies that even small improvements in [[specific impulse]] yields a similar change in [[delta-v]], which can make large improvements in the size of practical rocket launch payloads.
The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 per cent better than most existing formulations,<ref>http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/January/07011103.asp</ref> however the specific impulse (impulse per mass) of formulations with liquid oxygen is higher.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/anie.201007047/asset/supinfo/anie_201007047_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf?v=1&s=2b7789919ea7a0858400749fd4a8859942236a1e</ref>
The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 percent better than most existing formulations,<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2011/January/07011103.asp | title=New molecule could propel rockets}}</ref> however the [[specific impulse]] (impulse per mass) of formulations with [[liquid oxygen]] is higher.<ref name=Rahm/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


[[Category:Inorganic nitrogen compounds]]
[[Category:Nitrogen oxides]]
[[Category:Rocket oxidizers]]
[[Category:Rocket oxidizers]]
[[Category:Spacecraft propulsion]]
[[Category:Spacecraft propulsion]]

Latest revision as of 17:58, 2 May 2024

Trinitramide
Structural formula of trinitramide
Space-filling model of trinitramide
Names
IUPAC name
N,N-Dinitronitramide
Other names
  • Trinitroamine
  • Trinitroammonia
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/N4O6/c5-2(6)1(3(7)8)4(9)10 checkY
    Key: LZLKDWBQTGTOQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O
  • N([N+](=O)[O-])([N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
N(NO2)3
Molar mass 152.022 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Trinitramide is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen with the molecular formula N(NO2)3. The compound was detected and described in 2010 by researchers at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden.[1] It is made of a nitrogen atom bonded to three nitro groups (−NO2).

Earlier, there had been speculation[by whom?] whether trinitramide could exist.[need quotation to verify] Theoretical calculations by Montgomery and Michels in 1993 showed that the compound was likely to be stable.[2]

Preparation

[edit]

Trinitramide is prepared by the nitration reaction of either potassium dinitramide or ammonium dinitramide with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile at low temperatures.[1]

[NH4]+[N(NO2)2]− + [NO2]+[BF4]− → N(NO2)3 + [NH4]+[BF4]−

Uses

[edit]

Trinitramide has a potential use as one of the most efficient and least polluting of rocket propellant oxidizers, as it is chlorine-free.[3] This is potentially an important development, because the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation implies that even small improvements in specific impulse yields a similar change in delta-v, which can make large improvements in the size of practical rocket launch payloads. The density impulse (impulse per volume) of a trinitramide based propellant could be 20 to 30 percent better than most existing formulations,[4] however the specific impulse (impulse per mass) of formulations with liquid oxygen is higher.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Rahm Martin (2010). "Experimental Detection of Trinitramide, N(NO2)3". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 50 (5): 1145–1148. doi:10.1002/anie.201007047. PMID 21268214. S2CID 32952729.
  2. ^ J. A. Montgomery Jr. & H. H. Michels (July 1993). "Structure and stability of trinitramide". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (26): 6774–6775. doi:10.1021/j100128a005.
  3. ^ Discovery of New Molecule Could Lead to More Efficient Rocket Fuel, Science Daily, 2010-12-22, accessed 2011-01-03.
  4. ^ "New molecule could propel rockets".


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