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{{Short description|Type of British submarines in service before WWI}}
⚫
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2017}}
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{|{{Infobox ship begin|sclass=2}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[Image:HMS D1 (WWI).jpg|300px]]
|Ship image=HMS D1 (WWI).jpg
|Ship caption=HMS ''D1''
|Ship caption=HMS ''D1''
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=
|Name=D-class
|Builders=[[Vickers Limited|Vickers]], [[Barrow-in-Furness|Barrow]] <br/>
|Builders=*[[Vickers Limited|Vickers]], [[Barrow-in-Furness|Barrow]]
[[Chatham Dockyard|HM Dockyard, Chatham]]
*[[Chatham Dockyard|HM Dockyard, Chatham]]
|Operators={{navy|UK}}
|Operators={{navy|United Kingdom}}
|Class before=[[British C class submarine]]
|Class before=[[British C-class submarine|C class]]
|Class after=[[British E class submarine]]
|Class after=[[British E-class submarine|E class]]
|Subclasses=
|Subclasses=
|Cost=
|Cost=
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|In service range=
|In service range=
|In commission range=
|In commission range=
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=8
|Total ships completed=8
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=
|Total ships lost=4
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships retired=
|Total ships preserved=
|Total ships preserved=
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|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=D class submarine
|Ship type=[[Submarine]]
|Ship displacement=Surfaced= 483 tons / Submerged= 595 tons
|Ship displacement= 483 [[ton]]s surfaced / 595 tons submerged
|Ship length={{convert|163.0|ft|m|abbr=on}} (oa)
|Ship length={{convert|163.0|ft|m|abbr=on}} (oa)
|Ship beam={{convert|13.6|ft|m|abbr=on}} (oa)
|Ship beam={{convert|13.6|ft|m|abbr=on}} (oa)
|Ship draught=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draft=
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=550hp electric 1750hp diesel twin screws
|Ship propulsion={{convert|550|hp|abbr=on}} electric 1750 [[horsepower|hp]] diesel twin screws
|Ship speed=Surfaced=14.0 kts / Dived= 10.0 (design) 9.0 (service)
|Ship speed=14.0 [[knot (unit)|kn]] surfaced / 10.0 (design) 9.0 (service) submerged
|Ship range=Surface= 2500nm at 10 kts / Submerged=45nm at 5knots |Ship endurance=
|Ship range=2500 [[nautical mile|nmi]] at 10 kn, surface / 45 nmi at 5 kn, submerged |Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship complement=25
|Ship complement=25
|Ship sensors=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament= 3 x [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (45-cm) torpedo tubes]] (2 forward, one aft, 6 [[torpedo]]es)<ref>Fitzsimons, Bernard. ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'' (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 7, p.674, "''D.1''".</ref><br>
|Ship armament=*3 × [[British 18 inch torpedo|18-inch (45-cm) torpedo tubes]] (2 forward, one aft, 6 [[torpedo]]es)<ref>Fitzsimons, Bernard. ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'' (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 7, p.674, "''D.1''".</ref>
1 x [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12 pdr (76 mm) QF gun]]<ref>Fitzsimons, p.674.</ref>
*1 × [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder (76 mm) QF gun]]<ref>Fitzsimons, p.674.</ref>
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}
The '''D class submarine''' was the [[Royal Navy]]'s first class of submarines capable of operating significantly beyond coastal waters. They were also the first boats to be fitted with wireless transmitters. All ten were laid down between 1907 and 1910.
The '''D-class submarine''' was the [[Royal Navy]]'s first [[Ship class|class]] of [[submarine]]s capable of operating significantly beyond coastal waters. They were also the first boats to be fitted with [[wireless transmitter]]s. Ten were laid down between 1907 and 1910, though only 8 were completed as D-class boats. The final two hulls were completed as [[British E-class submarine]].


==Design and description==
==Specification==
The patrol submarines evolved from the [[British C class submarine|C class boats]]. They were designed to be propelled by diesel motors on the surface to avoid the problems with petrol engines experienced with the [[British A class submarine (1903)|A class]]. These boats were designed for foreign service with an endurance of 2500&nbsp;nmi at 10 knots on the surface and much improved living conditions for a larger crew.
The patrol submarines evolved from the [[British C-class submarine|C-class boats]]. They were designed to be propelled by diesel motors on the surface to avoid the problems with petrol engines experienced with the [[A-class submarine (1903)|A class]]. These boats were designed for foreign service with an endurance of {{convert|2500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn|lk=in}} on the surface and much improved living conditions for a larger crew.


D boats were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and were fitted with [[Saddle tank (submarine)|saddle tank]]s. The D class were the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the conning tower beginning with ''D6''. Also, reserve buoyancy was increased to 20.6%. Armament also included three 18 inch torpedo tubes (2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern). D class was also the first class of British submarine to have standard radio fitted. The aerial was attached to the mast of the conning tower that was lowered before diving.
D-class boats were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and were fitted with [[Saddle tank (submarine)|saddle tank]]s. The D class were the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the [[conning tower]] beginning with ''D6''. Also, reserve buoyancy was increased to 20.6%. Armament also included three {{convert|18|in|mm|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern). The D class was also the first class of British submarines to have standard radio fitted. The aerial was attached to the mast of the conning tower that was lowered before diving.


With their enlarged bridge structure the boat profile was recognisably that of the modern submarine. The D Class submarines were considered to be so innovative that the prototype ''D1'' was built in utmost secrecy in a securely guarded building shed. She was launched at Barrow with equal secrecy, with only departmental heads and a few officers from the cruiser [[HMS Mercury (1878)|HMS ''Mercury'']], that was currently in dock being present. Once moved to the fitting out berth, she was once again screened from view.
With their enlarged bridge structure the boat profile was recognisably that of the modern submarine. The D-class submarines were considered to be so innovative that the prototype, ''D1'', was built in utmost secrecy in a securely guarded building shed. She was launched at Barrow with equal secrecy, with only departmental heads and a few officers from the cruiser {{HMS|Mercury|1878|6}}, that was currently in dock being present. Once moved to the fitting out berth, she was once again screened from view.


The boats cost between £79,910 and £89,410 each excluding the deck gun.
The boats cost between £79,910 and £89,410 each excluding the deck gun.
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The D class were based at [[Harwich]], [[Immingham]], [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]] and [[Dover]]. Their wartime role was to sink German warships. In the latter stages of [[World War I]] the D class were used for training crews based at [[Portsmouth]].
The D class were based at [[Harwich]], [[Immingham]], [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]] and [[Dover]]. Their wartime role was to sink German warships. In the latter stages of [[World War I]] the D class were used for training crews based at [[Portsmouth]].


During WWI the boats patrolled the [[North Sea]] and the [[Heligoland Bight]], and protected cross channel troopships. During the war, four boats (''D2'', ''D3'', ''D5'', and ''D6'') were lost, and the remainder (''D4'', ''D7'', and ''D8'') were paid off in July 1919.
During World War I the boats patrolled the [[North Sea]] and the [[Heligoland Bight]], and protected cross channel troopships. During the war, four boats (''D2'', ''D3'', ''D5'', and ''D6'') were lost, and the remainder (''D4'', ''D7'', and ''D8'') were paid off in July 1919.


==Boats==
==Boats==
[[File:HMS d1 rnsm.jpg|thumb|right|A model of HMS D1]]
[[File:HMS d1 rnsm.jpg|thumb|right|A model of HMS ''D1'']]
Eight D-class boats were built:
Eight D-class boats were built:
* {{HMS|D1}}
{{columns |bgcol=white |width=8.5em |gap=3.25em
* {{HMS|D2}}
|col1 =
* [[HMS D1|HMS ''D1'']]
* {{HMS|D3}}
* [[HMS D5|HMS ''D5'']]
* {{HMS|D4}}
* {{HMS|D5}}
|col2 =
* [[HMS D2|HMS ''D2'']]
* {{HMS|D6}}
* [[HMS D6|HMS ''D6'']]
* {{HMS|D7}}
* {{HMS|D8}}
|col3 =
⚫
There were plans for a further two, ''D9'' and ''D10'', but these were launched at Chatham Dockyard as {{HMS|E1}} and {{HMS|E2}}.
* [[HMS D3|HMS ''D3'']]
* [[HMS D7|HMS ''D7'']]
|col4 =
* [[HMS D4|HMS ''D4'']]
* [[HMS D8|HMS ''D8'']]
}}

⚫
There were plans for a further two, ''D9'' and ''D10'', but these were launched at Chatham Dockyard as [[HMS E1|HMS ''E1'']] and [[HMS E2|HMS ''E2'']].


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* Not to be confused with the [[United States D-class submarine]] of 1909-1910.
⚫
{{Commons category|British D class submarines}}
⚫
*Not to be confused with the [[United States D class submarine]] of 1909-1910.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}


===Notes===
===Works cited===
* {{cite book|last=Akermann|first=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of British Submarines 1901–1955|edition=reprint of the 1989|year=2002|publisher=Periscope Publishing|location=Penzance, Cornwall|isbn=1-904381-05-7}}
{{reflist}}
*{{Cite Colledge2006}}

* {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|name-list-style=amp}}
===Sources===
*{{cite web|url=http://rnsubs.co.uk/dits-bits/br-3043.html |title=The Development of HM Submarines From Holland No. 1 (1901) to Porpoise (1930) (BR3043) |last=Harrison |first=A. N. |date=January 1979 |publisher=RN Subs |access-date=27 September 2022}}
* ''Submarines, war beneath the waves, from 1776 to the present day'', by Robert Hutchinson
*Fitzsimons, Bernard. ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'' (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 7, pp.&nbsp;673–4, "''D.1''".


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Commons category|British D class submarines}}
*[http://www.submariners.co.uk/Boats/Barrowbuilt/D_Class/ D Class details]
*[http://rnsubs.co.uk/boats/subs/d-class.html RN Subs 1907–1919: D Class]
*[http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/submarines/pages/class_overviews/d_class_overview.htm MaritimeQuest D Class Overview]
*[http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/submarines/pages/class_overviews/d_class_overview.htm MaritimeQuest D Class Overview]


{{British D class submarine}}
{{British D class submarine}}
{{WWI British ships}}
{{WWIBritishShips}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:British D Class Submarine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:British D Class Submarine}}
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:Submarine classes]]
[[Category:British D class submarines| ]]
[[Category:British D-class submarines| ]]

[[fr:Classe D (sous-marin)]]
[[hr:Britanske podmornice klase D]]
[[it:Classe D (sommergibile Regno Unito)]]
[[vi:Tàu ngầm lớp D (Vương quốc Anh)]]

Latest revision as of 13:06, 4 May 2024

HMS D1
Class overview
NameD-class
Builders
Operators Royal Navy
Preceded byC class
Succeeded byE class
Completed8
Lost4
General characteristics
TypeSubmarine
Displacement483 tons surfaced / 595 tons submerged
Length163.0 ft (49.7 m) (oa)
Beam13.6 ft (4.1 m) (oa)
Propulsion550 hp (410 kW) electric 1750 hp diesel twin screws
Speed14.0 kn surfaced / 10.0 (design) 9.0 (service) submerged
Range2500 nmi at 10 kn, surface / 45 nmi at 5 kn, submerged
Complement25
Armament

The D-class submarine was the Royal Navy's first class of submarines capable of operating significantly beyond coastal waters. They were also the first boats to be fitted with wireless transmitters. Ten were laid down between 1907 and 1910, though only 8 were completed as D-class boats. The final two hulls were completed as British E-class submarine.

Design and description

[edit]

The patrol submarines evolved from the C-class boats. They were designed to be propelled by diesel motors on the surface to avoid the problems with petrol engines experienced with the A class. These boats were designed for foreign service with an endurance of 2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km; 2,900 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) on the surface and much improved living conditions for a larger crew.

D-class boats were fitted with twin screws for greater manoeuvrability and were fitted with saddle tanks. The D class were the first submarines to be equipped with deck guns forward of the conning tower beginning with D6. Also, reserve buoyancy was increased to 20.6%. Armament also included three 18-inch (460 mm) torpedo tubes (2 vertically in the bow and 1 in the stern). The D class was also the first class of British submarines to have standard radio fitted. The aerial was attached to the mast of the conning tower that was lowered before diving.

With their enlarged bridge structure the boat profile was recognisably that of the modern submarine. The D-class submarines were considered to be so innovative that the prototype, D1, was built in utmost secrecy in a securely guarded building shed. She was launched at Barrow with equal secrecy, with only departmental heads and a few officers from the cruiser HMS Mercury, that was currently in dock being present. Once moved to the fitting out berth, she was once again screened from view.

The boats cost between £79,910 and £89,410 each excluding the deck gun.

Operations

[edit]

The D class were based at Harwich, Immingham, Blyth and Dover. Their wartime role was to sink German warships. In the latter stages of World War I the D class were used for training crews based at Portsmouth.

During World War I the boats patrolled the North Sea and the Heligoland Bight, and protected cross channel troopships. During the war, four boats (D2, D3, D5, and D6) were lost, and the remainder (D4, D7, and D8) were paid off in July 1919.

Boats

[edit]
A model of HMS D1

Eight D-class boats were built:

There were plans for a further two, D9 and D10, but these were launched at Chatham Dockyard as HMS E1 and HMS E2.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Fitzsimons, Bernard. Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare (London: Phoebus, 1978), Volume 7, p.674, "D.1".
  2. ^ Fitzsimons, p.674.

Works cited

[edit]
  • Akermann, Paul (2002). Encyclopaedia of British Submarines 1901–1955 (reprint of the 1989 ed.). Penzance, Cornwall: Periscope Publishing. ISBN 1-904381-05-7.
  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Harrison, A. N. (January 1979). "The Development of HM Submarines From Holland No. 1 (1901) to Porpoise (1930) (BR3043)". RN Subs. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
[edit]
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