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Actually this is a bit promo, doesnt seem like secondary sources cover any of their serviced
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tone down promotional material
 
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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = ST Engineering Aerospace Ltd
| name = ST Engineering Aerospace Ltd
| logo = ST Aerospace-Logo.png
| logo =
| logo_caption =
| logo_caption =
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|1975}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|1975}}
| location = [[Singapore]]
| location = [[Singapore]]
| area_served = [[Asia Pacific]], [[Europe]] and the [[United States]]
| area_served = [[Asia-Pacific]], [[Europe]] and the [[United States]]
| key_people = Vincent Chong (President & CEO)<ref name="staero3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stengg.com/en/about/leadership-team/|title = Leadership Team &#124; ST Engineering}}</ref>
| key_people = Vincent Chong (Group President & CEO)<ref name="staero3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stengg.com/en/about/leadership-team/|title = Leadership Team &#124; ST Engineering}}</ref><br />[[Jeffrey Lam]] (President, Commercial Aerospace)
| industry = [[Aerospace]]
| industry = [[Aerospace]]
| products =
| products =
| parent = [[ST Engineering]]
| parent = [[ST Engineering]]
| num_employees = 8,000
| num_employees =
| num_employees_year = {{small|(2010)}}
| num_employees_year =
| services =
| services = Aircraft Maintenance and Modificiation (AMM)<br />Component and Engine Total Support (CETS)
| website = https://www.stengg.com/
| website =
}}
}}
'''ST Engineering Aerospace''' ('''STE Aerospace'''), [[Trade name|doing business as]] '''ST Aerospace''', is an aviation-orientated subsidiary of [[ST Engineering]]. Headquartered in [[Singapore]], it has international offices and facilities located at aviation hubs in [[Asia Pacific]], [[Europe]] and the [[United States]].
'''ST Engineering Aerospace''', formerly known as '''ST Aerospace''', is the commercial aerospace entity of [[ST Engineering]]. Headquartered in [[Singapore]], it has international offices and facilities located at aviation hubs in [[Asia-Pacific]], [[Europe]] and the [[United States]]. ST Engineering's Commercial Aerospace business provides aircraft design and engineering, original equipment manufacturing, nose-to-tail aftermarket and maintenance services as well as assets management and leasing. And also passenger-to-freighter conversion or refurbishment.


ST Aerospace was established in 1975 to provide maintenance and support services to the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] (RSAF). Since then, it has diversified into various MRO capabilities for commercial and military aircraft through a number of strategic partnerships, acquisitions and investments. Major undertakings have included development of the [[ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk|A-4SU Super Skyhawk]], a highly modified model of the [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk#Variants|Douglas A-4S Skyhawk]], and the [[Eurocopter EC120 Colibri]] programme, a lightweight helicopter, in partnership with [[Airbus Helicopters]] and [[China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation]] (CATIC).
ST Engineering Aerospace was established in 1975 to provide maintenance and support services to the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] (RSAF). Since then, it has diversified into various MRO capabilities for commercial and military aircraft through a number of strategic partnerships, acquisitions and investments. Major undertakings have included development of the [[ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk|A-4SU Super Skyhawk]], a highly modified model of the [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk#Variants|Douglas A-4S Skyhawk]], and the [[Eurocopter EC120 Colibri]] programme, a lightweight helicopter, in partnership with [[Airbus Helicopters]] and [[China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation]] (CATIC).


Presently, ST Aerospace reportedly employs in excess of 8,000 certified engineers and administrative specialists around the world and has a global customer base that includes military forces, major airlines and freight carriers. ''Aviation Week'' ranked the aerospace company as the world's largest, independent, third party [[airframe]] [[Maintenance, repair and operations|MRO]] provider with an annual capacity of more than 11.5 million commercial airframe [[man-hour]]s in 2012.<ref>Tegtmeier, Lee Ann. [http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=/article-xml/awx_06_26_2013_p0-591584.xml&p=1 "Aviation Week Ranks Biggest MRO"], 26 June 2013</ref>
In 2021, ST Engineering Aerospace reportedly employs more than 8,500 certified engineers and administrative specialists around the world and has a global customer base that includes major airlines and freight carriers. ''Aviation Week'' ranked the aerospace company as the world's largest, independent, third party [[airframe]] [[Maintenance, repair and operations|MRO]] provider with an annual capacity of more than 13 million commercial airframe [[man-hour]]s in 2018.<ref>ST Engineering [https://www.stengg.com/en/newsroom/news-releases/st-engineering-maintains-leading-market-position-in-airframe-mro-with-top-global-ranking/ Press release.]</ref>


==Projects==
==Projects==
During the 1980s, ST Aerospace commenced work on a major upgrade programme on the [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk#Variants|Douglas A-4S Skyhawk]] attack aircraft then in service with the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] (RSAF). Referred to as the [[ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk|A-4SU Super Skyhawk]], the modification package involved replacing the original [[Wright J65]] [[turbojet]] engine with a non-afterburning model of the newer [[General Electric F404]]-GE-100D [[turbofan]] engine, along with a complete modernisation of the avionics suite and additional equipment being installed, including a [[Pave Penny]] laser seeker, an [[Inertial navigation system]] (INS), a [[Tactical air navigation system]] (TACAN), fore & aft [[Radar warning receiver]]s (RWR) and [[Chaff (countermeasure)|chaff]]/[[Flare (countermeasure)|flare]] [[countermeasure]]s) of the aircraft.<ref name="Frawley"/> The F404 engine provided 29% more thrust, resulting in a 30% reduction in [[takeoff]] time as well as an increase in usable payload, range and maximum speed of {{convert|610|kn|lk=in}} at sea level.<ref name="Frawley">Frawley 2002, p. 155.</ref><ref name=A-4SU_data>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080329003734/http://www.skyhawk.org/2c/techdata.htm "A-4 Technical data."] ''Skyhawk.org.'' Retrieved: 21 July 2011.</ref> In total, approximately 150 airframes (all A-4Bs and Cs) were acquired by Singapore.<ref name="A4S">{{cite web|url=http://a4skyhawk.org/2c/productionhistory.htm|title=Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Production History : Singapore A-4S/A-4SU|year=2012|publisher=a4skyhawk.org|accessdate=8 March 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005143/http://a4skyhawk.org/2c/productionhistory.htm|archivedate=22 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
During the 1980s, ST Engineering Aerospace commenced work on a major upgrade programme on the [[Douglas A-4 Skyhawk#Variants|Douglas A-4S Skyhawk]] attack aircraft then in service with the [[Republic of Singapore Air Force]] (RSAF). Referred to as the [[ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk|A-4SU Super Skyhawk]], the modification package involved replacing the original [[Wright J65]] [[turbojet]] engine with a non-afterburning model of the newer [[General Electric F404]]-GE-100D [[turbofan]] engine, along with a complete modernisation of the avionics suite and additional equipment being installed, including a [[Pave Penny]] laser seeker, an [[Inertial navigation system]] (INS), a [[Tactical air navigation system]] (TACAN), fore & aft [[Radar warning receiver]]s (RWR) and [[Chaff (countermeasure)|chaff]]/[[Flare (countermeasure)|flare]] [[countermeasure]]s) of the aircraft.<ref name="Frawley"/> The F404 engine provided 29% more thrust, resulting in a 30% reduction in [[takeoff]] time as well as an increase in usable payload, range and maximum speed of {{convert|610|kn|lk=in}} at sea level.<ref name="Frawley">Frawley 2002, p. 155.</ref><ref name=A-4SU_data>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080329003734/http://www.skyhawk.org/2c/techdata.htm "A-4 Technical data."] ''Skyhawk.org.'' Retrieved: 21 July 2011.</ref> In total, approximately 150 airframes (all A-4Bs and Cs) were acquired by Singapore.<ref name="A4S">{{cite web|url=http://a4skyhawk.org/2c/productionhistory.htm|title=Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Production History : Singapore A-4S/A-4SU|year=2012|publisher=a4skyhawk.org|accessdate=8 March 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005143/http://a4skyhawk.org/2c/productionhistory.htm|archivedate=22 March 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


[[File:Eurocopter EC-120B Colibri (D-HEHA) 03.jpg|thumb|left|An EC120 hovering, 2010]]
[[File:Eurocopter EC-120B Colibri (D-HEHA) 03.jpg|thumb|left|An EC120 hovering, 2010]]
Since the 1990s, ST Aerospace has been a partner involved in the [[Eurocopter EC120 Colibri]] programme. On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly-formed [[Eurocopter]], [[China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation]] (CATIC) and ST Aerospace.<ref name = "air hist"/> Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, ST Aerospace produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and [[hydraulic]] systems, and conducted the final assembly activity.<ref name = "light intern">Grey, Peter. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/light-flier-37102/ "Light flier."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064203/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/light-flier-37102/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 13 May 1998.</ref>
Since the 1990s, ST Engineering Aerospace has been a partner involved in the [[Eurocopter EC120 Colibri]] programme. On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly-formed [[Eurocopter]], [[China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation]] (CATIC) and ST Engineering Aerospace.<ref name = "air hist"/> Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, ST Engineering Aerospace produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and [[hydraulic]] systems, and conducted the final assembly activity.<ref name = "light intern">Grey, Peter. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/light-flier-37102/ "Light flier."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208064203/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/light-flier-37102/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 13 May 1998.</ref>


From the programme's onset, the EC120 had been intended to be co-produced, with partners sought in China, Singapore, and Australia.<ref name = "air hist">[https://www.airbushelicopters.com/website/en/ref/History_153.html "History: From Eurocopter to Airbus Helicopters."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926154602/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/website/en/ref/History_153.html |date=26 September 2015 }} ''Airbus Helicopters'', Retrieved: 29 November 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1989/1989%20-%203662.PDF "Australia pulls out of Aerospatiale P120."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081026/https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1989/1989%20-%203662.PDF |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 5 December 1989.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160220121728/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10949159.html "Aerospatiale to build light helicopters with China and Singapore. (P-120 helicopter)."] ''Defense Daily'', 3 July 1991.</ref> By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading to the production rate being increased from four helicopters per month to six.<ref name = "six product">Moxon, Julian. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/growing-demand-for-colibri-prompts-production-incr-44078/ "'Growing demand' for Colibri prompts production increase."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075104/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/growing-demand-for-colibri-prompts-production-incr-44078/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 21 October 1998.</ref> In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]].<ref>[http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/news-media/press-releases/Airbus-Group/Financial_Communication/2002/07/en_20020705_australia_e.html "Australian Prime Minister Inspects Eurocopter Helicopters during his State Visit to Germany."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208130123/http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/news-media/press-releases/Airbus-Group/Financial_Communication/2002/07/en_20020705_australia_e.html |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Airbus Helicopters'', 4 July 2002.</ref> On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China.<ref name = "china prod 04">Sobie, Brendan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/chinese-army-ready-to-launch-hc120-after-production-183207/ "Chinese army ready to launch HC120 after production deal."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081712/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/chinese-army-ready-to-launch-hc120-after-production-183207/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 22 June 2014.</ref> In June 2014, the [[People's Liberation Army]] of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.<ref name = "china prod 04"/>
From the programme's onset, the EC120 had been intended to be co-produced, with partners sought in China, Singapore, and Australia.<ref name = "air hist">[https://www.airbushelicopters.com/website/en/ref/History_153.html "History: From Eurocopter to Airbus Helicopters."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926154602/http://www.airbushelicopters.com/website/en/ref/History_153.html |date=26 September 2015 }} ''Airbus Helicopters'', Retrieved: 29 November 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1989/1989%20-%203662.PDF "Australia pulls out of Aerospatiale P120."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081026/https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1989/1989%20-%203662.PDF |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 5 December 1989.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160220121728/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-10949159.html "Aerospatiale to build light helicopters with China and Singapore. (P-120 helicopter)."] ''Defense Daily'', 3 July 1991.</ref> By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading to the production rate being increased from four helicopters per month to six.<ref name = "six product">Moxon, Julian. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/growing-demand-for-colibri-prompts-production-incr-44078/ "'Growing demand' for Colibri prompts production increase."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208075104/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/growing-demand-for-colibri-prompts-production-incr-44078/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 21 October 1998.</ref> In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]].<ref>[http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/news-media/press-releases/Airbus-Group/Financial_Communication/2002/07/en_20020705_australia_e.html "Australian Prime Minister Inspects Eurocopter Helicopters during his State Visit to Germany."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208130123/http://www.airbusgroup.com/int/en/news-media/press-releases/Airbus-Group/Financial_Communication/2002/07/en_20020705_australia_e.html |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Airbus Helicopters'', 4 July 2002.</ref> On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China.<ref name = "china prod 04">Sobie, Brendan. [https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/chinese-army-ready-to-launch-hc120-after-production-183207/ "Chinese army ready to launch HC120 after production deal."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208081712/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/chinese-army-ready-to-launch-hc120-after-production-183207/ |date=8 December 2015 }} ''Flight International'', 22 June 2014.</ref> In June 2014, the [[People's Liberation Army]] of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.<ref name = "china prod 04"/>


==Subsidiaries/Divisions==
==Subsidiaries/Divisions==
*'''ST Aerospace Engineering Pte Ltd''' - provides depot level maintenance, aircraft upgrading, refurbishment, major structural repair and life extension programmes for a wide range of military and general aviation aircraft including helicopters. they also provide extensive base and line maintenance services for commercial aircraft such as the [[Boeing 737|B737]] and [[Airbus A320|A320]].<ref name="staero5">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDA :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526182625/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDA |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref><ref name="staero6">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDE :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: STA Engineering] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327121425/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDE |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Engineering Pte Ltd''' - provides depot level maintenance, aircraft upgrading, refurbishment, major structural repair and life extension programmes for a wide range of military and general aviation aircraft including helicopters. they also provide extensive base and line maintenance services for commercial aircraft such as the [[Boeing 737|B737]] and [[Airbus A320|A320]].<ref name="staero5">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDA :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526182625/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDA |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref><ref name="staero6">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDE :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: STA Engineering] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327121425/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDE |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''ST Aerospace Services Co Pte Ltd (SASCO)''' - operates from Singapore's Changi and Paya Lebar airports, specialises in airframe heavy maintenance and modification for wide-body aircraft, including [[Boeing 747|B747]] Section 41 modification, Passenger-to-Freighter (PTF) conversion and fleet standardisation<ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero7">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDA :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: SASCO] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430131223/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDA |date=2008-04-30 }}</ref>
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Services Co Pte Ltd''' - operates from Singapore's Changi and Paya Lebar airports, specialises in airframe heavy maintenance and modification for wide-body aircraft, including [[Boeing 747|B747]] Section 41 modification, Passenger-to-Freighter (PTF) conversion and fleet standardisation<ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero7">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDA :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: SASCO] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430131223/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDA |date=2008-04-30 }}</ref>
*'''VT Aerospace Mobile''' - located at the [[Brookley Aeroplex]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]], United States, they specialise in aircraft heavy maintenance and repair of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. They are also equipped for aircraft interior modification work, subsidiary business of [[VT Systems]]<ref name="staero5" /><ref name="staero8">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDI :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: MAE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110014617/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDI |date=2008-01-10 }}</ref>
*'''VT Aerospace Mobile''' - located at the [[Brookley Aeroplex]] in [[Mobile, Alabama]], United States, they specialise in aircraft heavy maintenance and repair of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. They are also equipped for aircraft interior modification work, subsidiary business of [[VT Systems]]<ref name="staero5" /><ref name="staero8">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDI :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: MAE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110014617/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDI |date=2008-01-10 }}</ref>
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*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Engines Pte Ltd'''- provides repair and overhaul services for military and civil aero-engines and accessories.<ref name="staero14">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDM :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526182629/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDM |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref><ref name="staero15">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDc :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Engines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419034827/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDc |date=2008-04-19 }}</ref>
*'''VT Volant Aerospace''' - operating in Burlington, Washington, United States, Volant specializes in the supply, repair, design and manufacturing of interior aerospace parts, subsidiary business of [http://www.vt-systems.com/ VT Systems].
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*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Technologies (Xiamen) Co (STATCO)''' - provides engine MRO services, located in Xiamen, China
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*'''ST Aerospace Engines''' - provides repair and overhaul services for military and civil aero-engines and accessories.<ref name="staero14">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDM :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526182629/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssegment.asp?bussubid=NTAwMDM |date=2008-05-26 }}</ref><ref name="staero15">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDc :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Engines] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419034827/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDc |date=2008-04-19 }}</ref>
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*'''ST Aerospace Technologies (Xiamen) Co (STATCO)''' - provides engine MRO services, located in Xiamen, China
*'''ECO Services LLC''' - joint investment with Pratt & Whitney, provides ECO power engine wash services, subsidiary business of [[VT Systems]]
*'''ECO Services LLC''' - joint investment with Pratt & Whitney, provides ECO power engine wash services, subsidiary business of [[VT Systems]]
*'''ST Aerospace Systems''' - Asia Pacific's largest independent component repair and overhaul company, specializes in aircraft avionics repair and overhaul, components and systems. T .<ref name="staero14"/><ref name="staero16">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDg :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Systems] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104085849/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDg |date=2007-01-04 }}</ref>
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Systems''' - Asia Pacific's largest independent component repair and overhaul company, specializes in aircraft avionics repair and overhaul, components and systems. T .<ref name="staero14"/><ref name="staero16">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDg :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Systems] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104085849/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDg |date=2007-01-04 }}</ref>
*'''Precision Products Services (PPS)''' - manufactures casting and mould tooling for customers in the aerospace, oil ad gas, defense and commercial industries.
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Precision Products Pte Ltd''' - manufactures casting and mould tooling for customers in the aerospace, oil ad gas, defense and commercial industries.
*'''ST Aerospace Solutions''' - provides aircraft component repair, management and logistics services, it has facilities in various airports in Copenhagen, Denmark; Arlanda, Sweden; Gardermoen, Norway; and Stansted, United Kingdom. Originated in 2008 from the acquisition of SAS Components A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark <ref name="staero14" /><ref name="staero17">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjM :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Solutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516141108/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjM |date=2008-05-16 }}</ref>
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace Solutions''' - provides aircraft component repair, management and logistics services, it has facilities in various airports in Copenhagen, Denmark; Arlanda, Sweden; Gardermoen, Norway; and Stansted, United Kingdom. Originated in 2008 from the acquisition of SAS Components A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark <ref name="staero14" /><ref name="staero17">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjM :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Solutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516141108/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjM |date=2008-05-16 }}</ref>
*'''ST Aerospace Supplies''' - source of aircraft supplies, providing inventory management services and logistics support. They have a fully computerised inventory system that allows for real-time stock positioning and retrieval.<ref name="staero14"/><ref name="staero18">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTM :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Supplies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419030141/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTM |date=2008-04-19 }}</ref> Major customers in the Asia Pacific region include AirAsia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stengg.com/press-centre/press-releases/st-engineerings-aerospace-arm-seals-component-repair-management-mbhtm-contract-with-airasia |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019185842/http://www.stengg.com/press-centre/press-releases/st-engineerings-aerospace-arm-seals-component-repair-management-mbhtm-contract-with-airasia |archive-date=2014-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Spring Airlines.<ref>http://www.stengg.com/press-centre/press-releases/st-engineering's-aerospace-arm-expands-component-mbh-support-for-spring-airlines-in-us$105m-contract{{Dead link|date=April 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*'''Guangzhou Aerospace Technologies & Engineering (GATE)''' - import and export facility in China, serves as one of the ST Engineering Aerospace global distribution centres for rotables distribution.<ref name="staero14" /><ref>[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjc :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: GATE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416165218/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjc |date=2008-04-16 }}</ref>
*'''Guangzhou Aerospace Technologies & Engineering (GATE)''' - import and export facility in China, serves as one of the ST Aerospace global distribution centres for rotables distribution.<ref name="staero14"/><ref>[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjc :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: GATE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416165218/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjc |date=2008-04-16 }}</ref>
*'''Engineering & Development Centre (EDC)''' - provides avionics integration, engineering design solutions, Supplementary Type Certificates (STC), technical services <ref name="staero5" /><ref name="staero11">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjI :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: EDC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327121838/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjI |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''Middle River Aerostructure Systems (MRAS)''' - operates in Baltimore, Maryland, US. MRAS specialises in the production of engine nacelle systems and their thrust reversers, along with complex aerostructures for applications on commercial and military aircraft.
*'''Pacific Flight Services Pte Ltd (PFS)''' - provides jet charter services (executive, leisure, aeromedical) for companies. Charter aircraft includes EC-120, King Air turboprop, Gulfstream and Learjet <ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero10">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDU :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: PFS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928094633/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMDU |date=2008-09-28 }}</ref>
*'''Helicopter Flight Services (HFS)''' - provides helicopter general charter services throughout Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and the other ASEAN countries.<ref name="staero15"/><ref name="staero21">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjE :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: GATE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928095800/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjE |date=2008-09-28 }}</ref>
*'''ST Aerospace Academy Pte Ltd (STAA)''' - provides pilot training leading to multi-crew pilot licence and commercial pilot licence for network airlines, commercial airlines and individuals, located in Ballarat Airport, Australia and Seletar Airbase, Singapore
*'''VT AAA (Aviation Academy of America)''' - provides pilot training for private, instrument, commercial, CFI, CFII and MEI. There are two location in the San Antonio, Texas area: South Texas Regional Airport, Hondo, Texas and New Braunfels Regional airport, New Braunfels, Texas. VT AAA offers a path to the airlines through regional airline partners: SkyWest, ExpressJet, GoJet, Compass, Trans States Airlines and Republic. GI Bill and other financing available. www.vt-aaa.com
*'''ST Aerospace Technical Training Centre (STATTC)''' - provides technical training programmes under Singapore NITEC and Part-66 basic and type training
*'''Engineering & Development Centre (EDC)''' - provides avionics integration, engineering design solutions, Supplementary Type Certificates (STC), technical services <ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero11">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjI :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: EDC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327121838/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMjI |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''ST Aerospace Int'l Structures Pte Ltd (STAIS)''' - specialises in design, prototyping, modifications and production management of aircraft structural components and assemblies.<ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero12">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTY :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: STAIS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327174719/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTY |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''VisionTech Engineering Pte Ltd (VTE)''' - provides engineering services including maintenance, repair and modifications of aircraft, aircraft equipment and components.<ref name="staero5"/><ref name="staero13">[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTc :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: VTE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080327121820/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTc |date=2008-03-27 }}</ref>
*'''AERIA Luxury Interiors''' - provides VIP aircraft interior conversion including design and maintenance, based in San Antonio, Texas, US.
*'''DRB Aviation Consultants, Inc.''' provides services such as engineering design, flame testing, kitting, and static and pull testing. Located in San Antonio, Texas, US.
*'''ST Aerospace Rotables''' - global asset services company
*'''iShopAero''' <ref name="staero14"/><ref>[http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTU :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: iShopAero] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615134536/http://www.staero.aero/www/businesssubsidiary.asp?subid=MTAwMDAwMDAwMTU |date=2008-06-15 }}</ref>


==Associated companies==
==Associated companies==


*''' Singapore Precision Repair and Overhaul (SPRO)''' - joint venture (50% shareholding), provides maintenance, repair and overhaul of landing gear components
*'''Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Company (STARCO)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with [[China Eastern Airlines]], provides aircraft MRO services, located in Shanghai, China
*'''Madrid Aerospace Service A/S (MAeS)''' - joint venture (50% shareholding) with Iberia Maintenance, provides landing gear MRO services, located in Madrid, Spain.
*'''ST Engineering Aerospace (Guangzhou) Aviation Services Co. Ltd. (STAG)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with Guangdong Airport Management Corp, provides aircraft MRO services, located in Guangzhou, China
*''' Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Company (STARCO)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with [[China Eastern Airlines]], provides aircraft MRO services, located in Shanghai, China
*'''Turbine Overhaul Services (TOS)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with [[Pratt & Whitney]], specialises in the repair of gas and steam-related components.
*'''ST Aerospace (Guangzhou) Aviation Services Co. Ltd. (STAG)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with Guangdong Airport Management Corp, provides aircraft MRO services, located in Guangzhou, China
*''' Turbine Overhaul Services (TOS)''' - joint venture (49% shareholding) with [[Pratt & Whitney]], specialises in the repair of gas and steam-related components.
*'''Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH''' or [[EADS EFW]] - invested equity interest (35%), capabilities include passenger-to-freighter conversions, aircraft maintenance and repair, as well as engineering services. It also manufactures and supplies composite flat sandwich panels to Airbus.
*'''Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH''' or [[EADS EFW]] - invested equity interest (35%), capabilities include passenger-to-freighter conversions, aircraft maintenance and repair, as well as engineering services. It also manufactures and supplies composite flat sandwich panels to Airbus.
*''' Composite Technology International (CTI)''' - joint venture (33.3% shareholding), provides overhaul, repair and modification services for helicopter rotor blades.
*'''Composite Technology International (CTI)''' - joint venture (33.3% shareholding), provides overhaul, repair and modification services for helicopter rotor blades.

*''' Eurocopter South East Asia, now called Airbus Helicopter South East Asia''' - joint venture (25% shareholding) with [[Eurocopter Group]], provides sales, repair, overhaul, logistics and product support for Eurocopter helicopters and related spares.
''' Turbine Casting Services (TCS)''' - joint venture (24.5% shareholding), specialises in the repair of PW4000 turbine airfoils by using advanced coating technologies.
* '''Turbine Casting Services (TCS)''' - joint venture (24.5% shareholding), specialises in the repair of PW4000 turbine airfoils by using advanced coating technologies.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080508034728/http://www.staero.aero/ Official ST Aerospace Website]
*[http://www.stengg.com/ ST Engineering]
*[http://www.aviationtoday.com/regions/usa/83.html Aviation Today: ST Aerospace: Balancing A Global Reach With Consistent Quality And Service]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111003121301/http://www.digitalboomerang.com/2007/index.php/our-clients/sample-work-2/st-aerospace Digital Boomerang: Work Samples: ST Aerospace]


{{Singapore-designed weapons}}
{{Singapore-designed weapons}}
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[[Category:Aerospace companies of Singapore]]
[[Category:Aerospace companies of Singapore]]
[[Category:Aircraft engineering companies]]
[[Category:Aircraft engineering companies]]
[[Category:Defence companies of Singapore]]

Latest revision as of 21:59, 5 May 2024

ST Engineering Aerospace Ltd
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAerospace
Founded1975; 49 years ago (1975)
HeadquartersSingapore
Area served
Asia-Pacific, Europe and the United States
Key people
Vincent Chong (Group President & CEO)[1]
Jeffrey Lam (President, Commercial Aerospace)
ParentST Engineering

ST Engineering Aerospace, formerly known as ST Aerospace, is the commercial aerospace entity of ST Engineering. Headquartered in Singapore, it has international offices and facilities located at aviation hubs in Asia-Pacific, Europe and the United States. ST Engineering's Commercial Aerospace business provides aircraft design and engineering, original equipment manufacturing, nose-to-tail aftermarket and maintenance services as well as assets management and leasing. And also passenger-to-freighter conversion or refurbishment.

ST Engineering Aerospace was established in 1975 to provide maintenance and support services to the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). Since then, it has diversified into various MRO capabilities for commercial and military aircraft through a number of strategic partnerships, acquisitions and investments. Major undertakings have included development of the A-4SU Super Skyhawk, a highly modified model of the Douglas A-4S Skyhawk, and the Eurocopter EC120 Colibri programme, a lightweight helicopter, in partnership with Airbus Helicopters and China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC).

In 2021, ST Engineering Aerospace reportedly employs more than 8,500 certified engineers and administrative specialists around the world and has a global customer base that includes major airlines and freight carriers. Aviation Week ranked the aerospace company as the world's largest, independent, third party airframe MRO provider with an annual capacity of more than 13 million commercial airframe man-hours in 2018.[2]

Projects

[edit]

During the 1980s, ST Engineering Aerospace commenced work on a major upgrade programme on the Douglas A-4S Skyhawk attack aircraft then in service with the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF). Referred to as the A-4SU Super Skyhawk, the modification package involved replacing the original Wright J65 turbojet engine with a non-afterburning model of the newer General Electric F404-GE-100D turbofan engine, along with a complete modernisation of the avionics suite and additional equipment being installed, including a Pave Penny laser seeker, an Inertial navigation system (INS), a Tactical air navigation system (TACAN), fore & aft Radar warning receivers (RWR) and chaff/flare countermeasures) of the aircraft.[3] The F404 engine provided 29% more thrust, resulting in a 30% reduction in takeoff time as well as an increase in usable payload, range and maximum speed of 610 knots (1,130 km/h; 700 mph) at sea level.[3][4] In total, approximately 150 airframes (all A-4Bs and Cs) were acquired by Singapore.[5]

An EC120 hovering, 2010

Since the 1990s, ST Engineering Aerospace has been a partner involved in the Eurocopter EC120 Colibri programme. On 20 October 1992, a contract for the joint development contract of the new helicopter was signed by the three principle partners of the project, the newly-formed Eurocopter, China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC) and ST Engineering Aerospace.[6] Under the joint development agreement, Eurocopter received a 61% controlling interest and technical leader in the programme, CATIC received a 24% work share and STAero received a 15% work share; CATIC designed and produced the cabin structure and fuel system, ST Engineering Aerospace produced the tail boom, access doors, and composite materials, while Eurocopter produced the dynamic assemblies, installed the avionics, electrical and hydraulic systems, and conducted the final assembly activity.[7]

From the programme's onset, the EC120 had been intended to be co-produced, with partners sought in China, Singapore, and Australia.[6][8][9] By October 1998, more than 100 orders had been received for the type, leading to the production rate being increased from four helicopters per month to six.[10] In 2002, Eurocopter was in the process of establishing a second assembly line for the EC120 at Australian Aerospace's facility in Brisbane, Australia.[11] On 11 June 2004, a final production agreement was signed; under the agreement, CATIA and HAIG received exclusive market rights in China, and Eurocopter agreed to stop selling French-built EC120s in mainland China.[12] In June 2014, the People's Liberation Army of China became the launch customer for the Harbin-produced HC120, reportedly placing an order for eight of the type with options for fifty more.[12]

Subsidiaries/Divisions

[edit]
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Engineering Pte Ltd - provides depot level maintenance, aircraft upgrading, refurbishment, major structural repair and life extension programmes for a wide range of military and general aviation aircraft including helicopters. they also provide extensive base and line maintenance services for commercial aircraft such as the B737 and A320.[13][14]
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Services Co Pte Ltd - operates from Singapore's Changi and Paya Lebar airports, specialises in airframe heavy maintenance and modification for wide-body aircraft, including B747 Section 41 modification, Passenger-to-Freighter (PTF) conversion and fleet standardisation[13][15]
  • VT Aerospace Mobile - located at the Brookley Aeroplex in Mobile, Alabama, United States, they specialise in aircraft heavy maintenance and repair of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. They are also equipped for aircraft interior modification work, subsidiary business of VT Systems[13][16]
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Engines Pte Ltd- provides repair and overhaul services for military and civil aero-engines and accessories.[17][18]
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Technologies (Xiamen) Co (STATCO) - provides engine MRO services, located in Xiamen, China
  • ECO Services LLC - joint investment with Pratt & Whitney, provides ECO power engine wash services, subsidiary business of VT Systems
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Systems - Asia Pacific's largest independent component repair and overhaul company, specializes in aircraft avionics repair and overhaul, components and systems. T .[17][19]
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Precision Products Pte Ltd - manufactures casting and mould tooling for customers in the aerospace, oil ad gas, defense and commercial industries.
  • ST Engineering Aerospace Solutions - provides aircraft component repair, management and logistics services, it has facilities in various airports in Copenhagen, Denmark; Arlanda, Sweden; Gardermoen, Norway; and Stansted, United Kingdom. Originated in 2008 from the acquisition of SAS Components A/S in Copenhagen, Denmark [17][20]
  • Guangzhou Aerospace Technologies & Engineering (GATE) - import and export facility in China, serves as one of the ST Engineering Aerospace global distribution centres for rotables distribution.[17][21]
  • Engineering & Development Centre (EDC) - provides avionics integration, engineering design solutions, Supplementary Type Certificates (STC), technical services [13][22]
  • Middle River Aerostructure Systems (MRAS) - operates in Baltimore, Maryland, US. MRAS specialises in the production of engine nacelle systems and their thrust reversers, along with complex aerostructures for applications on commercial and military aircraft.

Associated companies

[edit]
  • Shanghai Technologies Aerospace Company (STARCO) - joint venture (49% shareholding) with China Eastern Airlines, provides aircraft MRO services, located in Shanghai, China
  • ST Engineering Aerospace (Guangzhou) Aviation Services Co. Ltd. (STAG) - joint venture (49% shareholding) with Guangdong Airport Management Corp, provides aircraft MRO services, located in Guangzhou, China
  • Turbine Overhaul Services (TOS) - joint venture (49% shareholding) with Pratt & Whitney, specialises in the repair of gas and steam-related components.
  • Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH or EADS EFW - invested equity interest (35%), capabilities include passenger-to-freighter conversions, aircraft maintenance and repair, as well as engineering services. It also manufactures and supplies composite flat sandwich panels to Airbus.
  • Composite Technology International (CTI) - joint venture (33.3% shareholding), provides overhaul, repair and modification services for helicopter rotor blades.
  • Turbine Casting Services (TCS) - joint venture (24.5% shareholding), specialises in the repair of PW4000 turbine airfoils by using advanced coating technologies.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Leadership Team | ST Engineering".
  2. ^ ST Engineering Press release.
  3. ^ a b Frawley 2002, p. 155.
  4. ^ "A-4 Technical data." Skyhawk.org. Retrieved: 21 July 2011.
  5. ^ "Douglas A-4 Skyhawk Production History : Singapore A-4S/A-4SU". a4skyhawk.org. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
  6. ^ a b "History: From Eurocopter to Airbus Helicopters." Archived 26 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Airbus Helicopters, Retrieved: 29 November 2015.
  7. ^ Grey, Peter. "Light flier." Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 13 May 1998.
  8. ^ "Australia pulls out of Aerospatiale P120." Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 5 December 1989.
  9. ^ "Aerospatiale to build light helicopters with China and Singapore. (P-120 helicopter)." Defense Daily, 3 July 1991.
  10. ^ Moxon, Julian. "'Growing demand' for Colibri prompts production increase." Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 21 October 1998.
  11. ^ "Australian Prime Minister Inspects Eurocopter Helicopters during his State Visit to Germany." Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Airbus Helicopters, 4 July 2002.
  12. ^ a b Sobie, Brendan. "Chinese army ready to launch HC120 after production deal." Archived 8 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Flight International, 22 June 2014.
  13. ^ a b c d :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: STA Engineering Archived 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: SASCO Archived 2008-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: MAE Archived 2008-01-10 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ a b c d :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS Archived 2008-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Engines Archived 2008-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Systems Archived 2007-01-04 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: STA Solutions Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :CETS: GATE Archived 2008-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ :ST Aerospace: Our Businesses :AMM: EDC Archived 2008-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
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