Bothwell, Tasmania: Difference between revisions

Bothwell
Tasmania
Bothwell; Tasmania
	View north-east along Clyde River in Bothwell, Tasmania
	Bothwell
Coordinates	42°23′S 147°00′E / 42.383°S 147.000°E
Population	499 (2021 census)
Postcode(s)	7030
Elevation	352 m (1,155 ft)
Location	76 km (47 mi) N of Hobart ; 51 km (32 mi) NW of Brighton ; 16 km (10 mi) W of Melton Mowbray ;
LGA(s)	Central Highlands Council
State electorate(s)	Lyons
Federal division(s)	Lyons

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Bothwell, Tasmania is a small town with a population at the 2021 census of 499.^[1] Situated in central Tasmania on the River Clyde in a broad valley, it is notable for hunting and being a lake district. It is part of the municipality of Central Highlands Council and celebrated the bicentenary of its founding in 2022.^[2] Nearby locations include Hollow Tree, Hamilton, Ouse and Kempton.

The citation for Bothwell in the Australian Register of The National Estate describes Bothwell as:

"... an agricultural settlement on the Clyde River, set in a modified landscape, surrounded by low naturally vegetated hills. Consistently it is a loose grid plan settlement with large lot sizes. Civic details include avenue plantings and Queens Square. Dense pine plantings occur en route to the showground. Important homesteads occur on the west side of the river. It has two village centres, with fine churches and cemeteries grouped about Queen's Square. The general character of the town is one of looseness, internal open spaces being important, with consistent architecture generally in good condition. The settlement is important for its formal layout which is emphasised by continuing civic consciousness in building and landscape."^[3]

History

For many thousands of years before European colonisation, the Bothwell area was the home of the Mairremmener people, who migrated seasonally between the mountains and the coast.^[4] Led by Tongerlongerter, they fiercely resisted the occupation of their territory, as part of what is known as the Black War.^[5]

Bothwell traces its formal founding to 1822,^[6] when several families of Scottish origin settled in the area that was to become the town.^[7]^[8]^[9] It was named after Bothwell in Lanarkshire, Scotland.

It was laid out in 1824 by surveyor Thomas Scott,^[3] with a more detailed plan designed in 1837 allocating space for a market place, school, police, magistrate and parsonage. The town extended as far east as the blocks on the east side of Kent Street and north to Alexander Street.^[10] A further plan was drawn up in 1900, the town had by then extended further east to William Street and north to Elizabeth Street and the market place now named as Queen's Square. The school was granted a larger site in this plan, between Mary and Michael Streets, where it is located currently.^[11]

The heritage registered^[12]^[13] hotel at the corner of William and Patrick Streets, currently called The Castle Hotel, dates from 1829^[14] and is the second oldest continuously licensed hotel in Tasmania.^[15]

St Luke's Presbyterian, now Uniting, Church opened in 1831. It faces east and is prominently located on Market Place adjacent to Queen's Square, at the end of Alexander Street. It was used by both Anglicans and Presbyterians until the Anglican church, St Michael and All Angels, opened in 1889.^[16]

Bothwell Post Office opened on 1 June 1832.^[17]

At the first census of population in Tasmania, taken on 1 January 1842, Bothwell had a population of 947, comprising 672 males and 274 females.^[18] In 1870, Bothwell had a population of 1300, in 1881 it was 1049^[19] and in 1891 it was 1482.^[20]

For some years after 1848, Bothwell was the place of exile of the Irish nationalist leaders John Mitchel and John Martin; their lodging Mitchel's Cottage still stands on the Nant property.^[21]

Bothwell was also the site of a radio telescope, built in the 1960s, in nearby Dennistoun, by one of the pioneers of radio astronomy, Grote Reber.

Golf

The first game of golf in Tasmania, and among the earliest games of golf in Australia, was played in Bothwell. The course at the Ratho property was until recently thought to be the oldest golf course in Australia, which was thought to have been built in the mid-1850s. Jane Williams, daughter of Ratho's first owner Alexander Reid,^[7] wrote in 1890 that golf was first played in the area sometime before 1860:

"...it (golf) was introduced over 30 years ago by Mr. William Wood, brother of Mr. Dennistoun Wood, of Dennistoun, and that it flourished as long as the Scottish element prevailed in the Bothwell district, when through death and other changes golf ceased to be practised in Bothwell."^[22]

Alexander Arthur Reid of Ratho, grandson of the above-mentioned Alexander Reid,^[7] wrote in 1930 that his father, Alexander Reid Jr., penned a letter written in the early 1860s stating that he was starting a golf club in Bothwell with 15 or 16 members. Arthur Alexander Reid also mentioned that he remembered the "queer-shaped old clubs."^[23]

The newly opened links at Ratho were reported in The Tasmanian Mail in August 1911:

"Mr and Mrs. Reid gave a golf afternoon on the newly laid-out Ratho links, at Bothwell, on Saturday, when a handicap mixed foursomes for trophies given by the host and hostess was played... The new course is a really excellent one, the turf being naturally suitable for golf, and the grass greens are all wonderfully good. Every hole has its difficulties, and the spoiling nature of the course adds to its attractiveness. The length of the course (9 holes) is 2,551 yards.^[24]

Golf in Australia started at Grose Farm in Sydney, with the first reliably documented match played in 1839 by A.B. Spark.^[25]

Bothwell is home to the Australian Golf Museum, housed in the sandstone former school house.

Bothwell Literary Society

Australia's first country-town literary society was established in Bothwell in 1834 as a debating society by the Scottish born minister Rev. James Garrett.^[26] The society built a meeting place in 1837, the same year that Sir John Franklin became its patron. In this building the society established one of Australia's earliest public libraries.^[27] John Mitchel wrote about the library in 1852, stating that:

"Bothwell has a very tolerable public library, such library as no village of similar population in Ireland had."^[26]

The library's last major acquisition was in 1892, when the MLC for Derwent, Walter Gellibrand, donated 81 books.^[26] In 2017, the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston acquired the full collection of the library.^[28]

Architecture

Bothwell features several distinctive styles of architecture, including Georgian, Queen Anne Revival and Victorian. It has many buildings listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register, Register of the National Estate and the National Trust, from stone cottages to churches.

Wentworth House

One of the larger houses is the two storey Georgian Wentworth House, located on Wentworth Street on the west side of the Clyde River. Construction, at a cost of £560 was started in 1830 by convict builders, for Captain, later Major, D'Arcy Wentworth, brother of explorer William Wentworth, and one of Bothwell's early police magistrates. The house was originally called Inverhall and was single storey.^[29] The house was further added to by Major Charles Schaw, an assistant police magistrate in Bothwell, at a cost of £4000.^[30] The citation in the Australian Register of the National Estate describes Wentworth as:

"A very unusual two storey Georgian house... Main north facade has off-centre portico with grouped casement windows flanked by pilasters to one side and a single window at level two to the other side. The east facade is possibly the most attractive, with three pairs of French doors with bracketed cornice and heavy 3 dormer window (with pilasters) above the eaves line. Central Decorative chimney. Fine garden and setting.^[31]

St Luke's

St Luke's is the second oldest Presbyterian church in Australia, the oldest being the Ebenezer Church in the Hawkesbury region of New South Wales, which is also the oldest extant church building in Australia.^[14] It is a sandstone Georgian style chapel, constructed between 1828–31 and designed by John Lee Archer.^[32] It has a square, Norman style tower with a castellated parapet, lancet windows and a Gothic doorway which was restored by the National Trust in 1968.^[16] Of particular interest are the carvings above the main doorway:

"Daniel Herbert, the genius convict stonemason-sculptor who carved the images on the sides of the bridge at Ross, is credited with creating these strange images which may depict a Celtic pagan god and goddess. Herbert was known for his droll sense of humour. If they are pagan it is amusing to note that Governor Arthur upon inspecting the church ordered the architect, John Lee Archer, to change the rounded windows because they were 'unchristian'."^[29]

Nant Mill

The Nant property was established by Edward Nicholas of Nant, Monmouthshire, Wales, in 1821. The Nicholas family were among the earliest European settlers in Bothwell. The buildings on the property comprise a homestead, outbuildings, cottage and mill.

The heritage registered watermill^[12] was built in 1857 and is powered by the waters of the Clyde River. It is a two-storey sandstone Georgian style building. There was an earlier mill on the property built in 1825, the only remnant of which is a brick barn adjacent to the 1857 building.^[33] In 2007 a significant restoration and conversion to a whiskey distillery were undertaken by noted Tasmanian architectural firm Circa Morris-Nunn.^[34]^[35]

Notable residents

In alphabetical order by surname.

John Frost chartist and convict, lived in Bothwell when he was assigned to W. Chester
Keith Sydney Isles academic economist and vice chancellor of the University of Tasmania, born in Bothwell
Maria Lord wealthy entrepreneur and convict, ran a shop in Bothwell and died in the town in 1859
John Martin Irish nationalist leader and convict, lived in Bothwell with John Mitchell
John Mitchel Irish nationalist leader and convict, lived in Bothwell with John Martin
Harold Sprent Nicholas judge in the New South Wales Supreme Court, spent his childhood in Bothwell at his family property, Nant
Sir Robert Officer politician and medical officer, lived in Bothwell
Charles Myles Officer grazier and politician, lived in Bothwell
Grote Reber radio astronomer, lived in Bothwell and constructed a radio telescope on the Dennistoun farm
Charles Rowcroft novelist, one of the earliest settlers in Bothwell
D'Arcy Wentworth Jr. soldier and politician, police magistrate of Bothwell
William Weston 3rd Premier of Tasmania, lived in Bothwell for a time after his marriage to Ann Elphinstone, daughter of Captain William Clark of Bothwell
John Dennistoun Wood Australian politician born at Dennistoun farm in Bothwell^[8]

Climate

Climate data for Bothwell
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	37.5 (99.5)	36.0 (96.8)	36.1 (97.0)	28.6 (83.5)	23.1 (73.6)	17.9 (64.2)	17.5 (63.5)	21.5 (70.7)	25.0 (77.0)	32.3 (90.1)	33.0 (91.4)	34.0 (93.2)	37.5 (99.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	22.5 (72.5)	23.2 (73.8)	20.6 (69.1)	17.6 (63.7)	13.5 (56.3)	10.9 (51.6)	10.6 (51.1)	11.7 (53.1)	13.6 (56.5)	16.9 (62.4)	18.4 (65.1)	20.4 (68.7)	16.7 (62.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	7.5 (45.5)	7.4 (45.3)	6.5 (43.7)	5.1 (41.2)	2.2 (36.0)	0.1 (32.2)	−0.2 (31.6)	0.6 (33.1)	2.2 (36.0)	3.8 (38.8)	5.6 (42.1)	6.7 (44.1)	4.0 (39.2)
Record low °C (°F)	−2.9 (26.8)	−3.6 (25.5)	−4.0 (24.8)	−7.0 (19.4)	−8.9 (16.0)	−12.5 (9.5)	−9.4 (15.1)	−6.9 (19.6)	−7.0 (19.4)	−7.7 (18.1)	−5.0 (23.0)	−3.1 (26.4)	−12.5 (9.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	37.7 (1.48)	37.7 (1.48)	37.2 (1.46)	45.8 (1.80)	42.0 (1.65)	42.8 (1.69)	44.5 (1.75)	49.0 (1.93)	46.9 (1.85)	52.4 (2.06)	50.9 (2.00)	50.4 (1.98)	536.9 (21.14)
Average precipitation days	8.0	7.2	8.3	9.7	10.8	11.6	12.7	13.1	12.6	12.6	11.8	10.2	128.6
Source: ^[36]

References

^ ^a ^b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Bothwell (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
^ "Bothwell Bi-Centenary Festival 2022". Central Highlands Council. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bothwell Historic Town". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Bothwell and its Chronology". Bothwell Historical Society.
^ Clements, Nicholas. "Reconciliation in Tasmania: War, Memory and Empathy". Right Now Inc. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
^ Ramsay, Mary. "Bothwell". The Companion to Tasmanian History. University of Tasmania. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Pike, A. F. "Reid, Alexander (1783–1858)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Eastwood, Jill. "Wood, John Dennistoun 1829–1914)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ Brown, P. L. "Russell, George (1812–1888)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
^ "Map - B/43 - Bothwell". Libraries Tasmania. Government of Tasmania. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ "Map - Bothwell B37". Libraries Tasmania. Government of Tasmania. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Tasmanian Heritage Register" (PDF). Heritage Tasmania. Government of Tasmania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ "Castle Hotel & Hall". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b "Bothwell". Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. 8 February 2004. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ Harrison, J. N. D. (1976). The Country towns and villages of Tasmania. Hobart: National Trust of Australia (Tasmania). p. 60. ISBN 0909575029.
^ ^a ^b "St Lukes Uniting Church". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
^ "ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS OF VAN DIEMEN'S LAND FOR 1842, AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE PRECEDING YEAR". The Courier (Hobart). Vol. XVI, no. 909. Tasmania, Australia. 28 April 1843. p. 2. Retrieved 18 January 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
^ "HAMILTON". The Mercury. No. 6220. Tasmania, Australia. 20 May 1881. p. 3. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "The Census Returns". Tasmanian News. No. 3195. 28 April 1891. p. 3. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "Mitchels Cottage". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ Williams, Jane (28 July 1890). "GOLF IN TASMANIA". The Mercury. No. 6374. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ Culliton, Harry (8 March 1930). "Golf in the Forties". The Australasian. No. 4235. Victoria, Australia. p. 29. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "GOLF". The Mercury. No. 12, 908. Tasmania, Australia. 8 August 1911. p. 2. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "Golf in Sydney 1839". Australian Golf Heritage. Australian Golf Heritage Society. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ramsay, Mary. "Bothwell Literary Society". The Companion to Tasmanian History. University of Tasmania. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "Literary Society Library (Former)". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "The colonial collections of northern and regional Tasmania" (PDF). Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery. Government of Tasmania. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ ^a ^b Australian Heritage Commission (1983). The Heritage of Tasmania : the illustrated register of the National Estate. South Melbourne: Macmillan in association with the Australian Heritage Commission. pp. 10–12. ISBN 0333356322.
^ "The enduring appeal of heritage homes: Wentworth House". The Real Estate Conversation. Williams Media. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ "Wentworth House". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ Smith, Roy S. "Archer, John Lee (1791–1852)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian National University. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
^ Pearson, Warwick (1997). "Water-Powered Flourmills in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania" (PDF). Australasian Historical Archaeology. 15. Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology: 66–78. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
^ "NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AWARDS WINNERS 1981 - 2021" (PDF). AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ "NANT DISTILLERY". Circa Morris-Nunn Chua Architecture. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ "Climate statistics for Bothwell". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 20 November 2013.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
 {{Infobox Australian place | type = town
 | name     = Bothwell
 | state    = tas
-| image    =
+| image    = File:River Clyde Bothwell Tasmania.jpg
+| caption  = View north-east along Clyde River in Bothwell, Tasmania
-| caption  =
+| coordinates = {{coord|42|23|S|147|00|E|display=inline,title}}
-| latd  =42|latm =23|lats  =
-| longd =147 |longm =00 |longs =
 | pushpin_label_position = right
 | lga      = Central Highlands Council
 | postcode = 7030
 | est      =
-| pop      = 391
+| pop      = 499
-| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}}
+| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
-| pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS"/>
+| pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS">{{Census 2021 AUS
+|id=SAL60063
+|name=Bothwell (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)
+|access-date=18 Jan 2022
+|quick=on}}</ref>
 | elevation= 352
 | maxtemp  = 16.6
@@ Line 29: / Line 34: @@
 | location3= [[Melton Mowbray, Tasmania|Melton Mowbray]]
 }}
-'''Bothwell''', Tasmania is a small town with a population at the [[Census in Australia#2011|2011 census]] of 391.<ref name="ABS">{{Census 2011 AUS
+'''Bothwell''', Tasmania is a small town with a population at the [[2021 Australian census|2021 census]] of 499.<ref name="ABS" />  Situated in central [[Tasmania]] on the [[Clyde River (Tasmania)|River Clyde]] in a broad valley, it is notable for [[hunting]] and being a lake district. It is part of the municipality of [[Central Highlands Council]] and celebrated the bicentenary of its founding in 2022.<ref name="Bicentenary">{{cite web |title=Bothwell Bi-Centenary Festival 2022 |url=https://centralhighlands.tas.gov.au/bothwell-bi-centenary-festival-2022/ |website=Central Highlands Council |date=8 December 2021 |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>  Nearby locations include [[Hollow Tree, Tasmania|Hollow Tree]], [[Hamilton, Tasmania|Hamilton]], [[Ouse, Tasmania|Ouse]] and [[Kempton, Tasmania|Kempton]].
-|id=UCL622003
-|name=Bothwell (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)
+The citation for Bothwell in the Australian Register of The National Estate describes Bothwell as:<blockquote>"... an agricultural settlement on the Clyde River, set in a modified landscape, surrounded by low naturally vegetated hills. Consistently it is a loose grid plan settlement with large lot sizes. Civic details include avenue plantings and Queens Square. Dense pine plantings occur en route to the showground. Important homesteads occur on the west side of the river. It has two village centres, with fine churches and cemeteries grouped about Queen's Square. The general character of the town is one of looseness, internal open spaces being important, with consistent architecture generally in good condition. The settlement is important for its formal layout which is emphasised by continuing civic consciousness in building and landscape."<ref name="Australian Heritage Database">{{cite web |title=Bothwell Historic Town |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=place_name%3Dbothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11561 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref></blockquote>
-|accessdate=18 April 2014
-|quick=on}}</ref>  Situated in central [[Tasmania]] on the [[Clyde River (Tasmania)|River Clyde]], it is notable for [[hunting]] and being a lake district.  It is part of the municipality of [[Central Highlands Council]].  Nearby locations include [[Ouse, Tasmania|Ouse]], [[Hamilton, Tasmania|Hamilton]] and [[Kempton, Tasmania|Kempton]].
 ==History==
+For many thousands of years before European colonisation, the Bothwell area was the home of the [[Mairremmener]] people, who migrated seasonally between the mountains and the coast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bothwell and its Chronology |url=https://www.bothwellhistoricalsociety.org.au/Bothwell%20Chronology.html |publisher=Bothwell Historical Society}}</ref> Led by Tongerlongerter, they fiercely resisted the occupation of their territory, as part of what is known as the [[Black War]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clements |first1=Nicholas |title=Reconciliation in Tasmania: War, Memory and Empathy |url=https://rightnow.org.au/opinion/reconciliation-in-tasmania-war-memory-and-empathy/ |publisher=Right Now Inc. |access-date=2024-01-16}}</ref>
-For some years after 1848, Bothwell was the place of [[exile]] of the [[Irish nationalist]] leaders [[John Mitchel]] and [[John Martin (Ireland)|John Martin]]; their lodging ''Nant Cottage'' still stands.
+Bothwell traces its formal founding to 1822,<ref name="UTAS">{{cite web |last1=Ramsay |first1=Mary |title=Bothwell |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bothwell.htm |website=The Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref> when several families of Scottish origin settled in the area that was to become the town.<ref name="Reid">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Pike |first1=A. F. |title=Reid, Alexander (1783–1858) |id2=reid-alexander-2584 |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Wood">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Eastwood |first1=Jill |title=Wood, John Dennistoun 1829–1914) |id2=wood-john-dennistoun-4883 |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Russell">{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |last1=Brown |first1=P. L. |title=Russell, George (1812–1888) |id2=russell-george-2850 |access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref> It was named after [[Bothwell]] in [[Lanarkshire]], [[Scotland]].
+It was laid out in 1824 by surveyor Thomas Scott,<ref name="Australian Heritage Database" /> with a more detailed plan designed in 1837 allocating space for a market place, school, police, magistrate and parsonage. The town extended as far east as the blocks on the east side of Kent Street and north to Alexander Street.<ref name="1837 plan">{{cite web |title=Map - B/43 - Bothwell |url=https://stors.tas.gov.au/AI/AF721-2-1 |website=Libraries Tasmania |publisher=Government of Tasmania |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> A further plan was drawn up in 1900, the town had by then extended further east to William Street and north to Elizabeth Street and the market place now named as Queen's Square. The school was granted a larger site in this plan, between Mary and Michael Streets, where it is located currently.<ref name="1900 plan">{{cite web |title=Map - Bothwell B37 |url=https://stors.tas.gov.au/AI/AF819-1-26 |website=Libraries Tasmania |publisher=Government of Tasmania |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
+The heritage registered<ref name="Tasmanian Heritage Register">{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Heritage Register |url=https://heritage.tas.gov.au/Documents/THROnline_Jan2021.pdf |website=Heritage Tasmania |publisher=Government of Tasmania |access-date=22 January 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924092950/https://heritage.tas.gov.au/Documents/THROnline_Jan2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Castle Hotel & Hall">{{cite web |title=Castle Hotel & Hall |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3DBothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11528 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> hotel at the corner of William and Patrick Streets, currently called The Castle Hotel, dates from 1829<ref name="SMH">{{cite news |title=Bothwell |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/bothwell-20040208-gdkqmx.html |access-date=25 January 2022 |work=Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Fairfax Media |date=8 February 2004}}</ref> and is the second oldest continuously licensed hotel in Tasmania.<ref name="National Trust Register">{{cite book |last1=Harrison |first1=J. N. D. |title=The Country towns and villages of Tasmania |date=1976 |publisher=National Trust of Australia (Tasmania) |location=Hobart |isbn=0909575029 |page=60 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9560742}}</ref>
+St Luke's Presbyterian, now Uniting, Church opened in 1831. It faces east and is prominently located on Market Place adjacent to Queen's Square, at the end of Alexander Street. It was used by both Anglicans and Presbyterians until the Anglican church, St Michael and All Angels, opened in 1889.<ref name="St Lukes Uniting Church">{{cite web |title=St Lukes Uniting Church |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3DBothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11537 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
+Bothwell Post Office opened on 1 June 1832.<ref name = "Post Office">{{Cite web  | last = Premier Postal History  | title = Post Office List  | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=Tas&country= | access-date = 16 June 2012}}</ref>
+At the first census of population in Tasmania, taken on 1 January 1842, Bothwell had a population of 947, comprising 672 males and 274 females.<ref name="1842 census">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2952793 |title=ABSTRACT OF THE CENSUS OF VAN DIEMEN'S LAND FOR 1842, AS COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE PRECEDING YEAR. |newspaper=[[The Courier (Hobart)]] |volume=XVI |issue=909 |location=Tasmania, Australia |date=28 April 1843 |access-date=18 January 2022 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In 1870, Bothwell had a population of 1300, in 1881 it was 1049<ref name="Census 1870 & 1881">{{cite news |title=HAMILTON |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article8997080 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=The Mercury |issue=6220 |date=20 May 1881 |location=Tasmania, Australia |page=3}}</ref> and in 1891 it was 1482.<ref name="Census 1891">{{cite news |title=The Census Returns |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article163589487 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=Tasmanian News |issue=3195 |date=28 April 1891 |page=3}}</ref>
+For some years after 1848, Bothwell was the place of [[exile]] of the [[Irish nationalist]] leaders [[John Mitchel]] and [[John Martin (Ireland)|John Martin]]; their lodging ''Mitchel's Cottage'' still stands on the Nant property.<ref name="Mitchell's Cottage">{{cite web |title=Mitchels Cottage |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3DBothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11511 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
+Bothwell was also the site of a [[radio telescope]], built in the 1960s, in nearby Dennistoun, by one of the pioneers of radio astronomy, [[Grote Reber]].
+=== Golf ===
+The first game of golf in Tasmania, and among the earliest games of [[golf in Australia]], was played in Bothwell. The course at the Ratho property was until recently thought to be the oldest [[golf course]] in Australia, which was thought to have been built in the mid-1850s. Jane Williams, daughter of Ratho's first owner Alexander Reid,<ref name="Reid" /> wrote in 1890 that golf was first played in the area sometime before 1860: <blockquote>"...it (golf) was introduced over 30 years ago by Mr. William Wood, brother of Mr. [[John Wood (Australian politician)|Dennistoun Wood]], of Dennistoun, and that it flourished as long as the Scottish element prevailed in the Bothwell district, when through death and other changes golf ceased to be practised in Bothwell."<ref name="Golf in Tas.">{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Jane |title=GOLF IN TASMANIA |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12700677 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=The Mercury |issue=6374 |date=28 July 1890}}</ref></blockquote>
+Alexander Arthur Reid of Ratho, grandson of the above-mentioned Alexander Reid,<ref name="Reid" /> wrote in 1930 that his father, Alexander Reid Jr., penned a letter written in the early 1860s stating that he was starting a golf club in Bothwell with 15 or 16 members. Arthur Alexander Reid also mentioned that he remembered the "queer-shaped old clubs."<ref name="Golf in the Forties">{{cite news |last1=Culliton |first1=Harry |title=Golf in the Forties |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article141427870 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=The Australasian |issue=4235 |date=8 Mar 1930 |location=Victoria, Australia |page=29}}</ref>
+The newly opened links at Ratho were reported in The Tasmanian Mail in August 1911: <blockquote>"Mr and Mrs. Reid gave a golf afternoon on the newly laid-out Ratho links, at Bothwell, on Saturday, when a handicap mixed foursomes for trophies given by the host and hostess was played... The new course is a really excellent one, the turf being naturally suitable for golf, and the grass greens are all wonderfully good. Every hole has its difficulties, and the spoiling nature of the course adds to its attractiveness. The length of the course (9 holes) is 2,551 yards.<ref name="Golf at Ratho">{{cite news |title=GOLF |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10110305 |access-date=26 January 2022 |work=The Mercury |issue=12,908 |date=8 August 1911 |location=Tasmania, Australia |page=2}}</ref></blockquote>
+[[Golf in Australia]] started at Grose Farm in Sydney, with the first reliably documented match played in 1839 by [[Alexander Brodie Spark|A.B. Spark]].<ref name="Golf Sydney 1839">{{cite web |title=Golf in Sydney 1839 |url=http://www.australiangolfheritage.org.au/articles.html#Sydney1839 |website=Australian Golf Heritage |publisher=Australian Golf Heritage Society |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
+Bothwell is home to the Australian Golf Museum, housed in the sandstone former school house.
+=== Bothwell Literary Society ===
+Australia's first country-town literary society was established in Bothwell in 1834 as a debating society by the Scottish born minister Rev. James Garrett.<ref name="UTAS literary society">{{cite web |last1=Ramsay |first1=Mary |title=Bothwell Literary Society |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/B/Bothwell%20Literary%20Society.htm |website=The Companion to Tasmanian History |publisher=University of Tasmania |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> The society built a meeting place in 1837, the same year that [[John Franklin|Sir John Franklin]] became its patron. In this building the society established one of Australia's earliest public libraries.<ref name="Lit. library">{{cite web |title=Literary Society Library (Former) |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3Dbothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11533 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> [[John Mitchel]] wrote about the library in 1852, stating that: <blockquote>"Bothwell has a very tolerable public library, such library as no village of similar population in Ireland had."<ref name="UTAS literary society" /></blockquote>
+The library's last major acquisition was in 1892, when the MLC for Derwent, [[Walter Gellibrand]], donated 81 books.<ref name="UTAS literary society" /> In 2017, the [[Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery]] in Launceston acquired the full collection of the library.<ref name="QVMAG">{{cite web |title=The colonial collections of northern and regional Tasmania |url=https://www.qvmag.tas.gov.au/files/assets/qvmag/library/collections/the-colonial-collections-of-northern-regional-tasmania-as-at-16-12-21.pdf |website=Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery |publisher=Government of Tasmania |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
+==Architecture==
+Bothwell features several distinctive styles of architecture, including [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]], [[Queen Anne style architecture|Queen Anne Revival]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]. It has many buildings listed on the Tasmanian Heritage Register, Register of the National Estate and the National Trust, from stone cottages to churches.
+=== Wentworth House ===
+One of the larger houses is the two storey Georgian Wentworth House, located on Wentworth Street on the west side of the Clyde River. Construction, at a cost of £560 was started in 1830 by convict builders, for Captain, later Major, [[D'Arcy Wentworth Jr.|D'Arcy Wentworth]], brother of explorer [[William Wentworth]], and one of Bothwell's early police magistrates. The house was originally called Inverhall and was single storey.<ref name="The Heritage of Tasmania">{{cite book |author1=Australian Heritage Commission |title=The Heritage of Tasmania : the illustrated register of the National Estate |date=1983 |publisher=Macmillan in association with the Australian Heritage Commission |location=South Melbourne |isbn=0333356322 |pages=10–12 |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21415914}}</ref> The house was further added to by Major Charles Schaw, an assistant police magistrate in Bothwell, at a cost of £4000.<ref name="Wentworth House sale">{{cite news |title=The enduring appeal of heritage homes: Wentworth House |url=https://www.therealestateconversation.com.au/property/9-wentworth-street-bothwell-7030/the-enduring-appeal-heritage-homes-wentworth-house |access-date=22 January 2022 |work=The Real Estate Conversation |publisher=Williams Media |date=16 October 2020}}</ref> The citation in the Australian Register of the National Estate describes Wentworth as:<blockquote>"A very unusual two storey Georgian house... Main north facade has off-centre portico with grouped casement windows flanked by pilasters to one side and a single window at level two to the other side. The east facade is possibly the most attractive, with three pairs of French doors with bracketed cornice and heavy 3 dormer window (with pilasters) above the eaves line. Central Decorative chimney. Fine garden and setting.<ref name="Wentworth House">{{cite web |title=Wentworth House |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=town%3DBothwell%3Bstate%3DTAS%3Bkeyword_PD%3Don%3Bkeyword_SS%3Don%3Bkeyword_PH%3Don%3Blatitude_1dir%3DS%3Blongitude_1dir%3DE%3Blongitude_2dir%3DE%3Blatitude_2dir%3DS%3Bin_region%3Dpart;place_id=11541 |website=Australian Heritage Database |publisher=Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref></blockquote>
+=== St Luke's ===
+St Luke's is the second oldest Presbyterian church in Australia, the oldest being the [[Ebenezer Church (Australia)|Ebenezer Church]] in the Hawkesbury region of New South Wales, which is also the oldest extant church building in Australia.<ref name="SMH" /> It is a sandstone Georgian style chapel, constructed between 1828–31 and designed by [[John Lee Archer]].<ref name="John Lee Archer">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Roy S. |title=Archer, John Lee (1791–1852) |url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/archer-john-lee-1713/text1843 |website=Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=Australian National University |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> It has a square, Norman style tower with a castellated parapet, lancet windows and a Gothic doorway which was restored by the National Trust in 1968.<ref name="St Lukes Uniting Church" /> Of particular interest are the carvings above the main doorway:<blockquote>"[[Daniel Herbert (convict)|Daniel Herbert]], the genius convict stonemason-sculptor who carved the images on the sides of the bridge at [[Ross, Tasmania|Ross]], is credited with creating these strange images which may depict a Celtic pagan god and goddess. Herbert was known for his droll sense of humour. If they are pagan it is amusing to note that [[Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet|Governor Arthur]] upon inspecting the church ordered the architect, [[John Lee Archer]], to change the rounded windows because they were 'unchristian'."<ref name="The Heritage of Tasmania" /></blockquote>
+=== Nant Mill ===
+The Nant property was established by Edward Nicholas of Nant, [[Monmouthshire]], [[Wales]], in 1821. The Nicholas family were among the earliest European settlers in Bothwell. The buildings on the property comprise a homestead, outbuildings, cottage and mill.
+The heritage registered watermill<ref name="Tasmanian Heritage Register" /> was built in 1857 and is powered by the waters of the Clyde River. It is a two-storey sandstone Georgian style building. There was an earlier mill on the property built in 1825, the only remnant of which is a brick barn adjacent to the 1857 building.<ref name="Flourmills">{{cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=Warwick |title=Water-Powered Flourmills in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania |journal=Australasian Historical Archaeology |date=1997 |volume=15 |pages=66–78 |url=https://www.asha.org.au/pdf/australasian_historical_archaeology/15_04_Pearson.pdf |access-date=26 January 2022 |publisher=Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology}}</ref> In 2007 a significant restoration and conversion to a whiskey distillery were undertaken by noted Tasmanian architectural firm Circa [[Robert Morris-Nunn|Morris-Nunn]].<ref name="AIA">{{cite web |title=NATIONAL ARCHITECTURE AWARDS WINNERS 1981 - 2021 |url=https://www.architecture.com.au/wp-content/uploads/National-Award-Winners-1981-2020.pdf |website=AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Circa">{{cite web |title=NANT DISTILLERY |url=https://www.circaarchitecture.com.au/nant-distillery |website=Circa Morris-Nunn Chua Architecture |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref>
-Bothwell is home to the oldest [[Golf Course|golf course]] in Australia, Ratho, which was built in the mid-1850s.
+==Notable residents==
-Bothwell Post Office opened on 1 June 1832.<ref name = "Post Office">{{Cite web  | last = Premier Postal History  | title = Post Office List  | publisher = Premier Postal Auctions | url = https://www.premierpostal.com/cgi-bin/wsProd.sh/Viewpocdwrapper.p?SortBy=Tas&country= | accessdate = 16 June 2012}}</ref>
+In alphabetical order by surname.
+* [[John Frost (Chartist)|John Frost]] chartist and convict, lived in Bothwell when he was assigned to W. Chester
-This was also the site of a radio telescope, built in the 1960s, in nearby Dennistoun, by one of the pioneers of radio astronomy, [[Grote Reber]].
+* [[K. S. Isles|Keith Sydney Isles]] academic economist and vice chancellor of the [[University of Tasmania]], born in Bothwell
+* [[Maria Lord]] wealthy entrepreneur and convict, ran a shop in Bothwell and died in the town in 1859
+* [[John Martin (Ireland)|John Martin]] Irish nationalist leader and convict, lived in Bothwell with John Mitchell
+* [[John Mitchel]] Irish nationalist leader and convict, lived in Bothwell with John Martin
+* [[Harold Sprent Nicholas]] judge in the New South Wales Supreme Court, spent his childhood in Bothwell at his family property, ''Nant''
+* [[Robert Officer|Sir Robert Officer]] politician and medical officer, lived in Bothwell
+* [[Charles Myles Officer]] grazier and politician, lived in Bothwell
+* [[Grote Reber]] radio astronomer, lived in Bothwell and constructed a radio telescope on the Dennistoun farm
+* [[Charles Rowcroft]] novelist, one of the earliest settlers in Bothwell
+* [[D'Arcy Wentworth Jr.]] soldier and politician, police magistrate of Bothwell
+* [[William Weston (Australian politician)|William Weston]] 3rd [[Premier of Tasmania]], lived in Bothwell for a time after his marriage to Ann Elphinstone, daughter of Captain William Clark of Bothwell
+* [[John Wood (Australian politician)|John Dennistoun Wood]] Australian politician born at Dennistoun farm in Bothwell<ref name="Wood" />
 ==Climate==
+<div style="width:80%">
 {{Weather box
 |location = Bothwell
@@ Line 130: / Line 192: @@
 |source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_095001_All.shtml
-| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology |title = Climate statistics for Bothwell |accessdate = 20 November 2013}}</ref>
+| publisher = Bureau of Meteorology |title = Climate statistics for Bothwell |access-date = 20 November 2013}}</ref>
 |date=November 2013
 }}
+</div>
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
-* Weeding, J.S. (1989) ''A history of Bothwell, Tasmania'' Hobart: Drinkwater Publishing. ISBN 0-949903-01-9
+* Weeding, J.S. (1989) ''A history of Bothwell, Tasmania'' Hobart: Drinkwater Publishing. {{ISBN|0-949903-01-9}}
+* Ellis, Shauna (2001), ''Bothwell revisited : a history : foundation, federation and the millennium'' Bothwell, Tas. : Bothwell Historical Society. {{ISBN|095792500X}}
+* National Trust of Tasmania blog - [https://tasmaniannationaltrust.wordpress.com/2016/07/07/the-heritage-of-tasmania-southern-region-bothwell/ Heritage of Bothwell]
+{{authority control}}
+[[Category:Localities of Central Highlands Council]]
 [[Category:Towns in Tasmania]]