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{{Short description|Musical mode}} |
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The '''Ionian mode''' is a [[musical mode]] of [[diatonic scale]]. It was part of the [[music theory]] of [[ancient Greece]], and was based around the relative natural scale in G (that is, the same as playing all the 'white notes' of a piano from G to G). This simple scale was called the [[Hypophrygian mode]] in Greek theory, and the Ionian mode must have been a different, perhaps [[chromatic scale|chromatic]], variation of this. |
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{{Thumb|content=<score sound="1"> { |
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\override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f |
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\relative c' { |
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\clef treble \time 7/4 |
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c4^\markup { C Ionian scale } d e f g a b c |
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} } |
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</score>}} |
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The '''Ionian mode''' is a [[Mode (music)|musical mode]] or, in modern usage, a [[diatonic scale]] also called the [[major scale]]. It is named after the [[Ionians|Ionian Greeks]]. |
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It is the name assigned by [[Heinrich Glarean]] in 1547 to his new [[Gregorian mode#Authentic mode|authentic mode]] on C (mode 11 in his numbering scheme), which uses the [[diatonic]] [[octave species]] from C to the C an octave higher, divided at G (as its dominant, [[reciting tone]]/reciting note or ''tenor'') into a fourth species of [[perfect fifth]] (tone–tone–semitone–tone) plus a third species of [[perfect fourth]] (tone–tone–semitone): C D E F G + G A B C.<ref>{{harv|Powers|2001a}}</ref> This octave species is essentially the same as the [[Major scale|major mode]] of [[tonal music]].<ref>{{harv|Jones|1974|loc=42}}</ref> |
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The term ''Ionian mode'' fell into disuse in mediaeval Europe. Church music was based around eight [[musical modes]]: the relative natural scales in D, E, F and G, each with their [[authentic mode|authentic]] and [[plagal mode|plagal]] counterparts. However, Greek music theory was poorly understood, and the modes in G were called [[Mixolydian mode|Mixolydian]] and [[Hypomixolydian mode|Hypomixolydian]] (authentic and plagal modes, respectively). |
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Church music had been explained by theorists as being organised in eight [[Mode (music)|musical modes]]: the scales on D, E, F, and G in the "greater perfect system" of "musica recta,"<ref>{{harv|Powers|2001b|loc=§II: "Medieval Modal Theory"}}</ref> each with their [[authentic mode|authentic]] and [[plagal mode|plagal]] counterparts. |
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In [[1547]], [[Heinrich Glarean]] published his ''Dodecachordon''. Central to its premise was the idea that there were twelve diatonic modes rather than eight. It seems that the additional modes were used in popular folk music, but were not part of the official church repertory. Glarean borrowed the Greek term ''Ionian'' for a quite different mode. He added ''Ionian'' as the name of the ''new'' eleventh mode: the relative natural mode in C with the [[perfect fifth]] as its dominant, [[reciting note]] or ''tenor''. The twelfth mode was the plagal version of the Ionian mode, called ''Hypionian'' (under Ionian), based on the same relative scale, but with the [[major third]] as its ''tenor'', and having a melodic range from a [[perfect fourth]] below the tonic, to a [[perfect fifth]] above it. |
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Glarean's twelfth mode was the plagal version of the Ionian mode, called [[Hypoionian mode|Hypoionian]] (under Ionian), based on the same relative scale, but with the [[major third]] as its ''tenor'', and having a melodic range from a [[perfect fourth]] below the tonic, to a [[perfect fifth]] above it.<ref>{{harv|Powers|2001c}}</ref> |
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As mediaeval monophonic church music was replaced by [[polyphonic]] music, the ''folk'' modes added by Glarean became the basis of the [[minor scale|minor]]/[[major scale|major]] division of classical European music: the Ionian mode being the [[major mode]]. |
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==See also== |
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The Ionian mode of Glarean is effectively the same as the ancient Greek [[Lydian mode]] and the modern [[major mode]]. |
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*[[Bilawal]], the equivalent scale ([[thaat]]) in [[Hindustani music]] |
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*[[Sankarabharanam (raga)|Shankarabharanam]], the equivalent scale ([[melakarta]]) in [[Carnatic music]] |
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==Notes== |
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== External links == |
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{{reflist|22em}} |
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===References=== |
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{{Diatonic scale}} |
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*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Jones|1974}}|reference=Jones, George Thaddeus. 1974. "Medieval Church Modes", in his ''Music Theory: The Fundamental Concepts of Tonal Music, Including Notation, Terminology, and Harmony'', 42–43. Barnes & Noble Outline Series 137. New York, Hagerstown, San Francisco, London: Barnes & Noble Books; Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside. {{ISBN|0-06-460137-4|0-06-467168-2}} {{OCLC|834716}}}} |
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Powers|2001a}}|reference=[[Harold Powers|Powers, Harold S.]] 2001a. "Ionian". ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by [[Stanley Sadie]] and [[John Tyrrell (musicologist)|John Tyrrell]], 12:{{Page needed|date=June 2009}}. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. {{ISBN|978-1-56159-239-5}}.}} |
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Powers|2001b}}|reference=Powers, Harold S. 2001b. "Mode". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 16:{{Page needed|date=June 2009}}. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. {{ISBN|978-1-56159-239-5}}.}} |
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* {{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Powers|2001c}}|reference=Powers, Harold S. 2001c. "Hypoionian". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 12:37–38. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. {{ISBN|978-1-56159-239-5}}.}} |
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== |
==External links== |
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Jones, George Thaddeus. HarperCollins College Outline. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1974. |
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{{Modes}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ionian Mode}} |
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[[cs:Jónský modus]] |
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[[Category:Modes (music)]] |
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[[Category:Diatonic set theory]] |
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[[de:Ionischer Modus]] |
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[[Category:Major scales]] |
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[[nl:Ionisch (toonladder)]] |
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[[pt:Modo jônio]] |
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[[uk:Іонійський лад]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:34, 7 May 2024
The Ionian mode is a musical mode or, in modern usage, a diatonic scale also called the major scale. It is named after the Ionian Greeks.
It is the name assigned by Heinrich Glarean in 1547 to his new authentic mode on C (mode 11 in his numbering scheme), which uses the diatonic octave species from C to the C an octave higher, divided at G (as its dominant, reciting tone/reciting note or tenor) into a fourth species of perfect fifth (tone–tone–semitone–tone) plus a third species of perfect fourth (tone–tone–semitone): C D E F G + G A B C.[1] This octave species is essentially the same as the major mode of tonal music.[2]
Church music had been explained by theorists as being organised in eight musical modes: the scales on D, E, F, and G in the "greater perfect system" of "musica recta,"[3] each with their authentic and plagal counterparts.
Glarean's twelfth mode was the plagal version of the Ionian mode, called Hypoionian (under Ionian), based on the same relative scale, but with the major third as its tenor, and having a melodic range from a perfect fourth below the tonic, to a perfect fifth above it.[4]
See also
[edit]- Bilawal, the equivalent scale (thaat) in Hindustani music
- Shankarabharanam, the equivalent scale (melakarta) in Carnatic music
Notes
[edit]- ^ (Powers 2001a)
- ^ (Jones 1974, 42)
- ^ (Powers 2001b, §II: "Medieval Modal Theory")
- ^ (Powers 2001c)
References
[edit]- Jones, George Thaddeus. 1974. "Medieval Church Modes", in his Music Theory: The Fundamental Concepts of Tonal Music, Including Notation, Terminology, and Harmony, 42–43. Barnes & Noble Outline Series 137. New York, Hagerstown, San Francisco, London: Barnes & Noble Books; Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside. ISBN 0-06-460137-4, 0-06-467168-2 OCLC 834716
- Powers, Harold S. 2001a. "Ionian". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 12:[page needed]. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.
- Powers, Harold S. 2001b. "Mode". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 16:[page needed]. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.
- Powers, Harold S. 2001c. "Hypoionian". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition, 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell, 12:37–38. London: Macmillan; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5.
External links
[edit]- Ionian mode for guitar at GOSK.com
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