Otic ganglion: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Parasympathetic ganglion of the head and neck}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox nerve |
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Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |
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| Name = Otic ganglion |
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| Latin = ganglion oticum |
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GraySubject = 200 | |
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| Image = Gray782 updated.png |
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| Image2 = Gray783.png |
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| Caption2 = The otic ganglion and its branches.| Innervates = [[Parotid gland]] |
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Image2 = Gray782 updated.png | |
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Innervates = [[parotid gland]] | |
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DorlandsPre = g_02 | |
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DorlandsSuf = 12384730 | |
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The '''otic ganglion''' is a small |
The '''otic ganglion''' is a small [[parasympathetic ganglion]] located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is functionally associated with the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] and innervates the [[parotid gland]] for salivation. |
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It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. |
It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the [[ciliary ganglion]], the [[submandibular ganglion]] and the [[pterygopalatine ganglion]]. |
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==Structure and relations== |
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It is occasionally absent.<ref name="pmid2258290">{{cite journal |author=Roitman R, Talmi YP, Finkelstein Y, Sadov R, Zohar Y |title=Anatomic study of the otic ganglion in humans |journal=Head Neck |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=503–6 |year=1990 |pmid=2258290 |doi=}}</ref> |
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The otic ganglion is a small (2–3 mm), oval shaped, flattened [[parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. |
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==Filaments== |
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Functionally, it gives off filaments: |
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* posteriorly on the lateral surface of the Eustachian tube to the [[tensor tympani]] |
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* anteriorly to the [[tensor palati]] muscle |
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* to the inferior [[maxillary nerve]], making up its motor root. |
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* to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]],<ref name="titleModule - Autonomics of the Head and Neck">{{cite web |url=http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/modules/head_autonomics_module/autonomics_12.html |title=Module - Autonomics of the Head and Neck |accessdate=2008-03-07 |format= |work=}}</ref> making up its sensory root. |
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===Branches of communication=== |
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It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the [[auditory tube]], and the origin of the [[tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]]. |
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It is connected by two or three short filaments with the nerve to the [[Pterygoideus internus]], from which it may obtain a motor, and possibly a sensory root. |
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==Connections== |
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It communicates with the [[glossopharyngeal]] and [[facial nerve]]s, through the lesser superficial petrosal nerve continued from the [[tympanic plexus]], and through this nerve it probably receives a root from the glossopharyngeal and a motor root from the facial; its sympathetic root consists of a filament from the plexus surrounding the [[middle meningeal artery]]. |
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The preganglionic [[parasympathetic]] fibres originate in the [[inferior salivatory nucleus]] of the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its [[tympanic nerve|tympanic]] branch and then pass via the [[tympanic plexus]] and the [[lesser petrosal nerve]] to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]], which conveys them to the [[parotid gland]]. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects. |
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The fibers from the glossopharyngeal which pass to the otic ganglion in the small superficial petrosal are supposed to be parasympathetic efferent (preganglionic) fibers from the dorsal nucleus or inferior salivatory nucleus of the [[medulla]]. |
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Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the [[superior cervical ganglion]]. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the [[parotid gland]] via the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are vasomotor in function. |
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Fibers (postganglionic) from the otic ganglion with which these form synapses are supposed to pass with the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] to the [[parotid gland]]. |
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The sensory root comes from the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] and is sensory to the [[parotid gland]]. |
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The motor fibers supplying the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] and the [[tensor veli palatini]] and the [[tensor tympani]] pass through the ganglion without relay. |
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===Distribution=== |
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Its branches of distribution are: a filament to the Tensor tympani, and one to the [[Tensor veli palatini]]. |
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==Clinical significance== |
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The former passes backward, lateral to the auditory tube; the latter arises from the ganglion, near the origin of the nerve to the Pterygoideus internus, and is directed forward. |
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[[Frey's syndrome]] is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'. |
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The fibers of these nerves are, however, mainly derived from the nerve to the Pterygoideus internus. |
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==Additional images== |
==Additional images== |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves. |
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File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system. |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Gray's}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
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* {{cite journal |author=Shimizu T |title=Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study |journal=J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |year=1994 |pmid=7525688 |doi=}} |
* {{cite journal |author=Shimizu T |title=Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study |journal=J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |year=1994 |pmid=7525688 |doi=10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{NormanAnatomy|cranialnerves}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|V}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|IX}}) |
* {{NormanAnatomy|cranialnerves}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|V}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|IX}}) |
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* {{eMedicineDictionary|Otic+ganglion}} |
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{{Gray's}} |
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{{Cranial nerves}} |
{{Cranial nerves}} |
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{{Trigeminal nerve}} |
{{Trigeminal nerve}} |
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{{Autonomic}} |
{{Autonomic}} |
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{{Portal bar|Anatomy}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[de:Ganglion oticum]] |
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[[Category:Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck]] |
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[[Category:Parasympathetic ganglia]] |
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[[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]] |
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[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]] |
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[[Category:Nerves of the head and neck]] |
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[[Category:Nervous system]] |
Latest revision as of 16:20, 8 May 2024
Otic ganglion | |
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Details | |
From | Lesser petrosal nerve |
Innervates | Parotid gland |
Identifiers | |
Latin | ganglion oticum |
TA98 | A14.3.02.014 |
TA2 | 6671 |
FMA | 6967 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.
It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the ciliary ganglion, the submandibular ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion.
Structure and relations
[edit]The otic ganglion is a small (2–3 mm), oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.
It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the origin of the tensor veli palatini; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the medial pterygoid.
Connections
[edit]The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys them to the parotid gland. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.
Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. They are vasomotor in function.
The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland.
The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor veli palatini and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.
Clinical significance
[edit]Frey's syndrome is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'.
Additional images
[edit]-
Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
-
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
References
[edit]This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 897 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Shimizu T (1994). "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1. PMID 7525688.
External links
[edit]- cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, IX)