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{{Short description|Parasympathetic ganglion of the head and neck}}
{{Infobox nerve
{{Infobox nerve
| Name = Otic ganglion
| Name = Otic ganglion
| Latin = ganglion oticum
| Latin = ganglion oticum
⚫
| Image = Gray782 updated.png
| GraySubject = 200
⚫
| Caption = [[Mandibular division]] of [[trigeminal nerve]], seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
| GrayPage = 897
| Image = Gray783.png
| Image2 = Gray783.png
| Caption = The otic ganglion and its branches.
| Caption2 = The otic ganglion and its branches.| Innervates = [[Parotid gland]]
⚫
| BranchFrom = [[Lesser petrosal nerve]]
⚫
| Image2 = Gray782 updated.png
⚫
| Caption2 = [[Mandibular division]] of [[trigeminal nerve]], seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
| Innervates = [[parotid gland]]
⚫
| BranchFrom = [[lesser petrosal nerve]]
| BranchTo =
| BranchTo =
| MeshName =
| MeshNumber =
| DorlandsPre = g_02
| DorlandsSuf = 12384730
}}
}}
The '''otic ganglion''' is a small (2-3 mm), oval shaped, flattened [[parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-gray color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is functionally associated with the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] and innervates the [[parotid gland]] for salivation.
The '''otic ganglion''' is a small [[parasympathetic ganglion]] located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is functionally associated with the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] and innervates the [[parotid gland]] for salivation.


It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. (The others are the [[submandibular ganglion]], [[pterygopalatine ganglion]], and [[ciliary ganglion]]).
It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the [[ciliary ganglion]], the [[submandibular ganglion]] and the [[pterygopalatine ganglion]].


⚫
==Structure and relations==
This ganglion is occasionally absent.<ref name="pmid2258290">{{cite journal |author=Roitman R, Talmi YP, Finkelstein Y, Sadov R, Zohar Y |title=Anatomic study of the otic ganglion in humans |journal=Head Neck |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=503–6 |year=1990 |pmid=2258290 |doi=10.1002/hed.2880120610}}</ref>


The otic ganglion is a small (2–3&nbsp;mm), oval shaped, flattened [[parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]].
⚫
==Structure==


It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the [[mandibular nerve]] at the point where motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the [[auditory tube]] , and the origin of the [[tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[pterygoideus internus]].
It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the [[auditory tube]], and the origin of the [[tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]].


==Connections==
⚫
The preganglionic [[parasympathetic]] fibers originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]. They leave the glossopharngeal nerve by its [[tympanic nerve | tympanic]] branch and then pass via the [[tympanic plexus]] and the [[lesser petrosal nerve]] to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse, and the postganglionic fibers leave the ganglion nad join the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are conveyed by this nerve to the parotid gland and serve as secretomotor fibers. It also probably recieves a motor root from the [[facial nerve]] via this route.


⚫
The preganglionic [[parasympathetic]] fibres originate in the [[inferior salivatory nucleus]] of the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its [[tympanic nerve|tympanic]] branch and then pass via the [[tympanic plexus]] and the [[lesser petrosal nerve]] to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]], which conveys them to the [[parotid gland]]. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.
⚫
Its sympathetic root consists of a filament from the plexus surrounding the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the [[superior cervical ganglion]]. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the [[parotid gland]] via the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are vasomotor in function.

⚫
Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the [[superior cervical ganglion]]. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the [[parotid gland]] via the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are vasomotor in function.


The sensory root comes from the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] and is sensory to the [[parotid gland]].
The sensory root comes from the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] and is sensory to the [[parotid gland]].


The motor fibers supplying the [[medial pterygoid]] and the [[tensor palati]] and the [[tensor tympani]] pass through the ganglion without relay
The motor fibers supplying the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] and the [[tensor veli palatini]] and the [[tensor tympani]] pass through the ganglion without relay.

A slender filament (sphenoidal) ascends to the nerve of the [[Pterygoid canal]], and a small branch connects it with the [[chorda tympani]].

Its branches of distribution are: a filament to the [[Tensor tympani]], and one to the [[Tensor veli palatini]]. The former passes backward, lateral to the auditory tube; the latter arises from the ganglion, near the origin of the nerve to the Pterygoideus internus, and is directed forward. The fibers of these nerves are, however, mainly derived from the [[nerve to the Pterygoideus internus]].


==Clinical significance==
==Clinical significance==

[[Frey's syndrome]] in which salivation will induce perspiration at the parotid region, accompanied by [[erythema]].
[[Frey's syndrome]] is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'.


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
File:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{Trigeminal nerve}}
{{Trigeminal nerve}}
{{Autonomic}}
{{Autonomic}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Parasympathetic ganglia]]
[[Category:Parasympathetic ganglia]]
[[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]]
[[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]]
[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]]
[[Category:Nerves of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Nervous system]]

Latest revision as of 16:20, 8 May 2024

Otic ganglion
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
The otic ganglion and its branches.
Details
FromLesser petrosal nerve
InnervatesParotid gland
Identifiers
Latinganglion oticum
TA98A14.3.02.014
TA26671
FMA6967
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.

It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the ciliary ganglion, the submandibular ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Structure and relations

[edit]

The otic ganglion is a small (2–3 mm), oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.

It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the origin of the tensor veli palatini; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the medial pterygoid.

Connections

[edit]

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys them to the parotid gland. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.

Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. They are vasomotor in function.

The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland.

The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor veli palatini and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.

Clinical significance

[edit]

Frey's syndrome is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'.

Additional images

[edit]
  • Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
    Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
  • Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
    Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 897 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  • Shimizu T (1994). "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1. PMID 7525688.
[edit]
  • cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, IX)
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