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{{Short description|Parasympathetic ganglion of the head and neck}}
{{Infobox Nerve |
{{Infobox nerve
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = ganglion oticum |
| Name = Otic ganglion
| Latin = ganglion oticum
GraySubject = 200 |
GrayPage = 897 |
| Image = Gray782 updated.png
⚫
| Caption = [[Mandibular division]] of [[trigeminal nerve]], seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
Image = Gray783.png |
| Image2 = Gray783.png
Caption = The [[otic ganglion]] and its branches. |
| Caption2 = The otic ganglion and its branches.| Innervates = [[Parotid gland]]
Image2 = Gray782.png |
| BranchFrom = [[Lesser petrosal nerve]]
⚫
Caption2 = [[Mandibular division]] of [[trifacial nerve]], seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the [[otic ganglion]]. |
Innervates = |
| BranchTo =
BranchFrom = |
BranchTo = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = g_02 |
DorlandsSuf = 12384730 |
}}
}}
The '''otic ganglion''' is a small, ovalshaped, flattened [parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-gray color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]].
The '''otic ganglion''' is a small [[parasympathetic ganglion]] located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]]. It is functionally associated with the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]] and innervates the [[parotid gland]] for salivation.


It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the [[ciliary ganglion]], the [[submandibular ganglion]] and the [[pterygopalatine ganglion]].
⚫
==Location and relations==
It is related to the [[maxillary nerve|maxillary]] and [[internal pterygoid nerve]]s, to the [[cartilage|cartilaginous]] part of the [[Eustachian tube]], to the origin of the [[tensor palati]] muscle, and to the [[middle meningeal artery]].


⚫
==Structure and relations==
It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[Pterygoideus internus]].


The otic ganglion is a small (2–3 mm), oval shaped, flattened [[parasympathetic ganglion]] of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the [[foramen ovale (skull)|foramen ovale]] in the [[infratemporal fossa]] and on the medial surface of the [[mandibular nerve]].
⚫
It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the origin of the [[Tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery.


⚫
It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the [[auditory tube]], and the origin of the [[tensor veli palatini]]; posteriorly, with the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]].
==Filaments==
Functionally, it gives off filaments:
* posteriorly on the lateral surface of the Eustachian tube to the [[tensor tympani]]
* anteriorly to the tensor palati muscle
* to the inferior maxillary nerve, making up its motor root.
* to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]], making up its sensory root.
===Branches of Communication===
{{weasel}}


==Connections==
It is connected by two or three short filaments with the nerve to the [[Pterygoideus internus]], from which it may obtain a motor, and possibly a sensory root.


The preganglionic [[parasympathetic]] fibres originate in the [[inferior salivatory nucleus]] of the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its [[tympanic nerve|tympanic]] branch and then pass via the [[tympanic plexus]] and the [[lesser petrosal nerve]] to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the [[auriculotemporal nerve]], which conveys them to the [[parotid gland]]. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.
It communicates with the [[glossopharyngeal]] and [[facial nerve]]s, through the lesser superficial petrosal nerve continued from the [[tympanic plexus]], and through this nerve it probably receives a root from the glossopharyngeal and a motor root from the facial; its sympathetic root consists of a filament from the plexus surrounding the [[middle meningeal artery]].


Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the [[middle meningeal artery]]. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the [[superior cervical ganglion]]. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the [[parotid gland]] via the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]. They are vasomotor in function.
The fibers from the glossopharyngeal which pass to the otic ganglion in the small superficial petrosal are supposed to be parasympathetic efferent (preganglionic) fibers from the dorsal nucleus or inferior salivatory nucleus of the [[medulla]].


Fibers (postganglionic) from the otic ganglion with which these form synapses are supposed to pass with the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] to the [[parotid gland]].
The sensory root comes from the [[auriculotemporal nerve]] and is sensory to the [[parotid gland]].


The motor fibers supplying the [[medial pterygoid muscle|medial pterygoid]] and the [[tensor veli palatini]] and the [[tensor tympani]] pass through the ganglion without relay.
A slender filament (sphenoidal) ascends from it to the nerve of the [[Pterygoid canal]], and a small branch connects it with the [[chorda tympani]].


==Clinical significance==
===Distribution===
Its branches of distribution are: a filament to the Tensor tympani, and one to the [[Tensor veli palatini]].


[[Frey's syndrome]] is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'.
The former passes backward, lateral to the auditory tube; the latter arises from the ganglion, near the origin of the nerve to the Pterygoideus internus, and is directed forward.

The fibers of these nerves are, however, mainly derived from the nerve to the Pterygoideus internus.


==Additional images==
==Additional images==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
File:Gray788.png|Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
Image:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
File:Gray839.png|Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
Image:Gray844.png|Diagram of the cervical sympathetic.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
⚫
* Shimizu T., "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study."; J Auton Nerv Syst. 1994 Sep;49(1):47-54. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=Display&DB=pubmed]

{{Gray's}}
{{Gray's}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* {{cite journal |author=Shimizu T |title=Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study |journal=J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=47–54 |year=1994 |pmid=7525688 |doi=10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1}}

==External links==
* {{NormanAnatomy|cranialnerves}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|V}}, {{NormanAnatomyFig|IX}})

{{Cranial nerves}}
{{Cranial nerves}}
{{Trigeminal nerve}}
{{Autonomic}}
{{Autonomic}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
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[[Category:Cerebrum]]
{{Authority control}}
[[de:Ganglion oticum]]

[[Category:Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck]]
[[Category:Parasympathetic ganglia]]
[[Category:Glossopharyngeal nerve]]
[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]]
[[Category:Nerves of the head and neck]]
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[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Nervous system]]

Latest revision as of 16:20, 8 May 2024

Otic ganglion
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
The otic ganglion and its branches.
Details
FromLesser petrosal nerve
InnervatesParotid gland
Identifiers
Latinganglion oticum
TA98A14.3.02.014
TA26671
FMA6967
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.

It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the ciliary ganglion, the submandibular ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Structure and relations

[edit]

The otic ganglion is a small (2–3 mm), oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-grey color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.

It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the origin of the tensor veli palatini; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the medial pterygoid.

Connections

[edit]

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharyngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibers synapse and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys them to the parotid gland. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.

Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. They are vasomotor in function.

The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland.

The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor veli palatini and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.

Clinical significance

[edit]

Frey's syndrome is caused by re-routing of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) within the otic ganglion. It is a complication of surgery involving the parotid gland whereby injury to these branches, which innervate the parotid gland and sweat glands of the face respectively, form abnormal connections. Salivation leads to perspiration and flushing of the pre-auricular region and is called 'gustatory sweating'.

Additional images

[edit]
  • Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
    Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
  • Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.
    Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 897 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  • Shimizu T (1994). "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1. PMID 7525688.
[edit]
  • cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, IX)
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