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{{Short description|American meteorologist (1923–2019)}}
In 1956, Norman Phillips developed a mathematical model which could realistically depict monthly and seasonal patterns in the troposphere, which became the first successful [[climate model]]. He obtained a [[Franklin Medal]] in 2003.
[[File:Norman Phillips at Symposium on the 50th Anniversary of Operational NWP.jpg|thumb|250px|Norman Phillips in 2004]]
'''Norman A. Phillips''' (July 9, 1923 – March 15, 2019) was an American meteorologist notable for his contributions to geophysical fluid dynamics.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.rivetfuneralhome.com/obituary/norman-phillips|title=Norman A. Phillips of Windham, New Hampshire {{!}} 1923 - 2019 {{!}} Obituary|website=Rivet Funeral Home & Crematorium, Inc.|access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Harper 2009 p. 113" /> In 1956, he developed a mathematical model that could realistically depict monthly and seasonal patterns in the troposphere, which became the first successful [[general circulation model]] of climate.<ref name="Harper 2009 p. 113">{{cite book | last=Harper | first=K. | title=Weather and Climate: Decade by Decade | publisher=Facts On File, Incorporated | series=Facts on File science library | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-4381-0982-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zCmB1QLcO5IC&pg=PA113 | access-date=March 15, 2015 | page=113}}</ref>

== About ==
Phillips was born in [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]]. His parents, Alton Elmer Anton Phillips and Linnea (Larson) Phillips, were the children of Swedish immigrants to the United States. He enrolled at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1940, intending to study [[chemistry]], but the start of [[World War II]] and the influence of [[Carl-Gustaf Rossby]] inspired him to join the [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] in 1943.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://news.mit.edu/2019/norman-phillips-former-meteorology-department-dead-dies-0516|title=Norman Phillips, former meteorology department head, dies at 95|last=Hinkel|first=Lauren|website=MIT News|date=16 May 2019 |access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref>

After graduating from the meteorological cadet program at [[Chanute Air Force Base|Chanute Field]] as fourth in a class of 391, he served in the [[Azores]] and then at [[Westover Air Reserve Base|Westover Field]] until October 1946.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|date=1969|title=Annual Awards: The Editor's Award|journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society|volume=50|issue=5|pages=329|issn=0003-0007|jstor=26252546}}</ref> He returned to the University of Chicago after the war, earning his bachelor's degree in 1947, his master's in 1948, and his PhD in 1951.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="franklininst">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fi.edu/laureates/norman-phillips|title=Norman A. Phillips|date=15 January 2014 |publisher=The Franklin Institute|access-date=March 23, 2015}}</ref>

Shortly before completing his PhD, Phillips accepted a position on the research staff of the [[Electronic Computer Project]] at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in [[Princeton, New Jersey]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1956, he was recruited by the Department of Meteorology at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]],<ref name=":2" /> eventually becoming department head.<ref name=":1" />

In 1974, Phillips left MIT to join the National Weather Service at the [[National Centers for Environmental Prediction|National Meteorological Center]],<ref name=":1" /> where he served as the principal scientist of the NMC Development Division.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/science/a-pioneer-of-climate-modelling-and-maths-1.3839204|title=A pioneer of climate modelling – and maths|last=Lynch|first=Peter|newspaper=The Irish Times|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/Presentations/|title=Symposium Presentations|website=Symposium on the 50th Anniversary of Operational Numerical Weather Prediction|access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref> When he retired, the [[Nested Grid Model]] was popularly known as "Norm's Great Model."<ref name=":0" />

Phillips died at Grace House in [[Windham, New Hampshire]] on March 15, 2019. He published his last academic paper, on [[Foucault pendulum|the Foucault pendulum]], at the age of 90.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards ==
In 1956, his seminal paper, "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment,"<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Phillips|first=Norman A.|date=1956|title=The general circulation of the atmosphere: A numerical experiment|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society|language=en|volume=82|issue=352|pages=123–164|doi=10.1002/qj.49708235202|issn=1477-870X|bibcode=1956QJRMS..82..123P}}</ref> was recognized with the first [[Napier Shaw]] Memorial Prize from the [[Royal Meteorological Society]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1956|title=Napier Shaw Memorial Prize—First Award|journal=Weather|language=en|volume=11|issue=7|pages=235|doi=10.1002/j.1477-8696.1956.tb00352.x|issn=1477-8696|bibcode=1956Wthr...11Q.235.}}</ref>

Phillips was elected to the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/51658.html|title=Norman Phillips|website=www.nasonline.org|access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref>

He and his colleague [[Joseph Smagorinsky]] were awarded a [[Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute)]] in 2003.<ref name="franklininst" />

Phillips was also an honorary member of the [[American Meteorological Society]],<ref name=":1" /> and a recipient of their highest honor, the [[Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal]].<ref name=":0" />

==Works==
* Phillips, Norman A. (April 1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment." ''Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'' 82 (352): 123–154. {{Bibcode|1956QJRMS..82..123P}}. {{doi|10.1002/qj.49708235202}}.

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Cox, John D. (2002). ''Storm Watchers''. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p.&nbsp;210. {{ISBN|0-471-38108-X}}.

<br />{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phillips, Norman A.}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2019 deaths]]
[[Category:American meteorologists]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:National Weather Service people]]
[[Category:American people of Swedish descent]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates]]

Latest revision as of 14:37, 10 May 2024

Norman Phillips in 2004

Norman A. Phillips (July 9, 1923 – March 15, 2019) was an American meteorologist notable for his contributions to geophysical fluid dynamics.[1][2] In 1956, he developed a mathematical model that could realistically depict monthly and seasonal patterns in the troposphere, which became the first successful general circulation model of climate.[2]

About

[edit]

Phillips was born in Chicago, Illinois. His parents, Alton Elmer Anton Phillips and Linnea (Larson) Phillips, were the children of Swedish immigrants to the United States. He enrolled at the University of Chicago in 1940, intending to study chemistry, but the start of World War II and the influence of Carl-Gustaf Rossby inspired him to join the Army Air Corps in 1943.[3]

After graduating from the meteorological cadet program at Chanute Field as fourth in a class of 391, he served in the Azores and then at Westover Field until October 1946.[4] He returned to the University of Chicago after the war, earning his bachelor's degree in 1947, his master's in 1948, and his PhD in 1951.[3][5]

Shortly before completing his PhD, Phillips accepted a position on the research staff of the Electronic Computer Project at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.[3] In 1956, he was recruited by the Department of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,[4] eventually becoming department head.[3]

In 1974, Phillips left MIT to join the National Weather Service at the National Meteorological Center,[3] where he served as the principal scientist of the NMC Development Division.[6][7] When he retired, the Nested Grid Model was popularly known as "Norm's Great Model."[1]

Phillips died at Grace House in Windham, New Hampshire on March 15, 2019. He published his last academic paper, on the Foucault pendulum, at the age of 90.[1]

Awards

[edit]

In 1956, his seminal paper, "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment,"[8] was recognized with the first Napier Shaw Memorial Prize from the Royal Meteorological Society.[9]

Phillips was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1976.[10]

He and his colleague Joseph Smagorinsky were awarded a Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) in 2003.[5]

Phillips was also an honorary member of the American Meteorological Society,[3] and a recipient of their highest honor, the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal.[1]

Works

[edit]
  • Phillips, Norman A. (April 1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: a numerical experiment." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 82 (352): 123–154. Bibcode:1956QJRMS..82..123P. doi:10.1002/qj.49708235202.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Norman A. Phillips of Windham, New Hampshire | 1923 - 2019 | Obituary". Rivet Funeral Home & Crematorium, Inc. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b Harper, K. (2009). Weather and Climate: Decade by Decade. Facts on File science library. Facts On File, Incorporated. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-4381-0982-4. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Hinkel, Lauren (16 May 2019). "Norman Phillips, former meteorology department head, dies at 95". MIT News. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  4. ^ a b "Annual Awards: The Editor's Award". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 50 (5): 329. 1969. ISSN 0003-0007. JSTOR 26252546.
  5. ^ a b "Norman A. Phillips". The Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  6. ^ Lynch, Peter. "A pioneer of climate modelling – and maths". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  7. ^ "Symposium Presentations". Symposium on the 50th Anniversary of Operational Numerical Weather Prediction. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  8. ^ Phillips, Norman A. (1956). "The general circulation of the atmosphere: A numerical experiment". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 82 (352): 123–164. Bibcode:1956QJRMS..82..123P. doi:10.1002/qj.49708235202. ISSN 1477-870X.
  9. ^ "Napier Shaw Memorial Prize—First Award". Weather. 11 (7): 235. 1956. Bibcode:1956Wthr...11Q.235.. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1956.tb00352.x. ISSN 1477-8696.
  10. ^ "Norman Phillips". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  • Cox, John D. (2002). Storm Watchers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 210. ISBN 0-471-38108-X.


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