Rufous scrubbird: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of bird}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| name = Rufous scrubbird |
| name = Rufous scrubbird |
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| image = |
| image = Atrichorne.roux.jpg |
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| image_caption = Illustration by [[John Gould|Gould]] and [[Henry Constantine Richter|Richter]], 1869<ref name="Gould1869">{{cite book |last1=Gould |first1=John |title=The birds of Australia, supplement |date=1869 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48517407#page/116/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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| image_caption = |
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| regnum = [[Animalia]] |
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| phylum = [[Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Bird|Aves]] |
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| ordo = [[Passeriformes]] |
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| familia = [[Atrichornithidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Atrichornis]]'' |
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| status = EN |
| status = EN |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite journal | |
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite journal | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Atrichornis rufescens'' | journal = [[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume=2012 | page = e.T22703608A39249386 | year =2012 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22703608A39249386.en | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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| genus = Atrichornis |
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The '''rufous scrubbird''' (''Atrichornis rufescens'') is a [[bird]] [[species]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Atrichornithidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Australia]]. |
The '''rufous scrubbird''' ('''''Atrichornis rufescens''''') is a [[bird]] [[species]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Atrichornithidae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Australia]]. |
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==Taxonomy== |
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One of two species of ''[[Atrichornis]]'', known as scrubbirds, the only extant populations of the [[Atrichornithidae]] family; the noisy scrubbird ''[[Atrichornis clamosus]]'' is restricted to a small population in western Australia. |
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Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate ''Atrichornis rufescens rufescens'', and ''A. rufescens ferrieri''.<ref name=iucn/> |
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The description of a new species by [[Edward Pierson Ramsay]], ''Atrichia rufescens'', was published in 1867 in the ''Proceedings'' of the [[Zoological Society of London]] (1866). Ramsay purchased two male specimens from T. MacGillivray and compared them with a previously described species from the southwest of Australia. The collector J. F. Wilcox shot these specimens in dense vegetation along the edge of Bowling Creek, near the [[Richmond River]] in New South Wales, noting the great difficulty in obtaining them. The epithet ''rufescens'' was proposed for the [[rufous]] tint of the plumage that distinguished it from the western scrubbird, named by [[John Gould]] as ''Atrichia clamosa''.<ref name="PZS1867">{{cite journal |last1=Gray |first1=John Edward |title=Mr. E. P. Ramsay on a new Atrichia |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |date=1866 |volume=1866 |pages=438–440 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1866.tb00426.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/73877}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
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Both sexes are brown with a rufous breast and a lightly barred back. The male has a long white streak on both sides on his neck and noticeable white edging on his throat. The female has a lighter breast and lacks the white edging.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Morcombe|title=The field guide to Australian birds|publisher=Steve Parish Publishing|year=2004}}</ref> They are known for loud vocalisations and at times can produce extensive repertoire of mimicry. |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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The species occurs only in isolated |
The species occurs only in isolated locations in north-eastern [[New South Wales]] and south-eastern [[Queensland]]. It requires dense ground cover and deep leaf-litter in rainforest and wet eucalypt forest, at elevations above 600 m, where it forages on snails and insects on the ground.<ref name=iucn/> |
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==Conservation== |
==Conservation== |
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By the mid-20th century, it was almost [[extinct]]. A subsequent recovery to [[Near Threatened]] status in 2004 was followed by successive uplisting to [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] and [[Endangered species|Endangered]] status in 2008 and 2012 respectively, in consideration of the fragmented status and small size of remaining habitats. Total population size was estimated at a low of ~2,500 pairs in the 1980s, but is currently estimated at |
By the mid-20th century, it was almost [[extinct]]. A subsequent recovery to [[Near Threatened]] status in 2004 was followed by successive uplisting to [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] and [[Endangered species|Endangered]] status in 2008 and 2012 respectively, in consideration of the fragmented status and small size of remaining habitats. Total population size was estimated at a low of ~2,500 pairs in the 1980s, but is currently estimated at 12,000 pairs.<ref name=iucn/> |
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Most of the early decline is believed to have been driven by the clearance of the species' lowland habitats, and logging practices are implicated in current declines, together with natural aging (and consequent disappearance of understorey) of remaining eucalypt stands.<ref name=iucn/> |
Most of the early decline is believed to have been driven by the clearance of the species' lowland habitats, and logging practices are implicated in current declines, together with natural aging (and consequent disappearance of understorey) of remaining eucalypt stands.<ref name=iucn/> |
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Fires in late 2019 burnt 37% of all 1x1 km squares from which birds have been recorded since 1990, mostly in the Main and Gibraltar Ranges with the largest subpopulations on the Lamington Plateau and Border Ranges largely unaffected (G Ehmke unpublished).<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020 |date=2021 |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |isbn=978-1-4863-1190-3 |editor-last=Garnett |editor-first=Stephen |location=Clayton South, VIC |editor-last2=Baker |editor-first2=G. Barry}}</ref> |
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[[File:Emu volume10 plate 37.jpg|thumb|Nest photographed by [[Sidney William Jackson|S. W. Jackson]], 1910]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=5163&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet.] |
*[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/search/species_search.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=5163&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet.] |
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*[ |
*[https://animaldiversity.org/search/?q=Rufous+Scrub-bird&feature=INFORMATION Image at ADW] |
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[[Category:Birds of New South Wales]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:47, 12 May 2024
| Rufous scrubbird | |
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| Illustration by Gould and Richter, 1869[1] | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Atrichornithidae |
| Genus: | Atrichornis |
| Species: | A. rufescens
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| Binomial name | |
| Atrichornis rufescens (Ramsay, 1866)
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| Synonyms | |
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Atrichia rufescens Ramsay | |
The rufous scrubbird (Atrichornis rufescens) is a bird species in the family Atrichornithidae. It is endemic to Australia.
Taxonomy
[edit]One of two species of Atrichornis, known as scrubbirds, the only extant populations of the Atrichornithidae family; the noisy scrubbird Atrichornis clamosus is restricted to a small population in western Australia.
Two subspecies are recognized: the nominate Atrichornis rufescens rufescens, and A. rufescens ferrieri.[2]
The description of a new species by Edward Pierson Ramsay, Atrichia rufescens, was published in 1867 in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (1866). Ramsay purchased two male specimens from T. MacGillivray and compared them with a previously described species from the southwest of Australia. The collector J. F. Wilcox shot these specimens in dense vegetation along the edge of Bowling Creek, near the Richmond River in New South Wales, noting the great difficulty in obtaining them. The epithet rufescens was proposed for the rufous tint of the plumage that distinguished it from the western scrubbird, named by John Gould as Atrichia clamosa.[3]
Description
[edit]Both sexes are brown with a rufous breast and a lightly barred back. The male has a long white streak on both sides on his neck and noticeable white edging on his throat. The female has a lighter breast and lacks the white edging.[4] They are known for loud vocalisations and at times can produce extensive repertoire of mimicry.
Distribution and habitat
[edit]The species occurs only in isolated locations in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. It requires dense ground cover and deep leaf-litter in rainforest and wet eucalypt forest, at elevations above 600 m, where it forages on snails and insects on the ground.[2]
Conservation
[edit]By the mid-20th century, it was almost extinct. A subsequent recovery to Near Threatened status in 2004 was followed by successive uplisting to Vulnerable and Endangered status in 2008 and 2012 respectively, in consideration of the fragmented status and small size of remaining habitats. Total population size was estimated at a low of ~2,500 pairs in the 1980s, but is currently estimated at 12,000 pairs.[2]
Most of the early decline is believed to have been driven by the clearance of the species' lowland habitats, and logging practices are implicated in current declines, together with natural aging (and consequent disappearance of understorey) of remaining eucalypt stands.[2]
Fires in late 2019 burnt 37% of all 1x1 km squares from which birds have been recorded since 1990, mostly in the Main and Gibraltar Ranges with the largest subpopulations on the Lamington Plateau and Border Ranges largely unaffected (G Ehmke unpublished).[5]
References
[edit]- ^ Gould, John (1869). The birds of Australia, supplement.
- ^ a b c d e BirdLife International (2012). "Atrichornis rufescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T22703608A39249386. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22703608A39249386.en.
- ^ Gray, John Edward (1866). "Mr. E. P. Ramsay on a new Atrichia". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1866: 438–440. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1866.tb00426.x.
- ^ Morcombe, Michael (2004). The field guide to Australian birds. Steve Parish Publishing.
- ^ Garnett, Stephen; Baker, G. Barry, eds. (2021). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020. Clayton South, VIC: CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4863-1190-3.
