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{{Short description|Extinct family of dinosaurs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Guaibasaurids
| name = Guaibasaurids
| fossil_range = [[Late Triassic]], {{fossilrange|231.4|208|latest=199.6}}
| fossil_range = [[Late Triassic]], {{fossilrange|225.42|225|earliest=233.23}}
| image = MUSEU4X.JPG
| image = MUSEU4X.JPG
| image_width = 250px
| image_upright = 1.15
| image_caption = Fossil skeleton of ''[[Guaibasaurus candelariensis]]''
| image_caption = Fossil skeleton of ''[[Guaibasaurus candelariensis]]''
| taxon = Guaibasauridae
| display_parents = 3
| authority = [[Jose Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] ''et al.'', 1999
| authority = [[Jose Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] ''et al.'', 1999
| type_species = {{extinct}}''[[Guaibasaurus candelariensis]]''
| type_species_authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] ''et al.'', [[1999 in paleontology|1999]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision =
| subdivision = *''[[Guaibasaurus]]''
* {{extinct}}''[[Agnosphitys]]''?
*''[[Macrocollum]]''?
* {{extinct}}''[[Eoraptor]]''?
*''[[Unaysaurus]]''?
* {{extinct}}''[[Guaibasaurus]]'' <small>([[Type species|type]])</small>
* {{extinct}}''[[Panphagia]]''
* {{extinct}}'''Saturnaliinae'''
** {{extinct}}''[[Chromogisaurus]]''
** {{extinct}}''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]]''
}}
}}


'''Guaibasauridae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[Sauropodomorpha|sauropodomorph]] [[dinosaur]]s, known from [[fossil]] remains of late [[Triassic]] period formations in [[Brazil]],<ref name="bonaparteetal1999" /> [[Argentina]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[India]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Novas |first1=Fernando E. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martin D. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Kutty |first4=T. S. |date=September 2010 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of Central India |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/abs/new-dinosaur-species-from-the-upper-triassic-upper-maleri-and-lower-dharmaram-formations-of-central-india/9E58C8C54890FFF92FE9DC4191DCDCFA |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |language=en |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093 |bibcode=2010EESTR.101..333N |issn=1755-6929}}</ref>
'''Guaibasauridae''' is a [[Family (biology)|family]] of primitive [[saurischia]]n [[dinosaur]]s, known from [[fossil]] remains of late [[Triassic]] period formations in [[Brazil]] ([[Paleorrota]]) and [[Argentina]].


==Classification==
The exact makeup and classification of the Guaibasauridae remains uncertain. The family was originally named by [[Jose Bonaparte]] and colleagues in 1999 to contain a single [[genus]] and [[species]], ''[[Guaibasaurus|Guaibasaurus candelariensis]]''.<ref name="bonaparteetal1999">{{cite journal | last1 = Bonaparte | first1 = J.F. | last2 = Ferigolo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ribeiro | first3 = A.M. | year = 1999 | title = A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grandedo Sul State, Brazil." ''Proceedings of the second Gondwanan Dinosaurs symposium | url = | journal = National Science Museum Monographs, Tokyo | volume = 15 | issue = | pages = 89–109 }}</ref> When a second specimen of ''Guaibasaurus'' was described from better remains in 2007, it became easier to compare it to other enigmatic early saurischians, which are often difficult to classify because they combine characteristics of the two major saurischian groups, [[Theropoda]] and [[Sauropodomorpha]]. Bonaparte and colleagues, in light of the information gained from this second specimen, found that the genus ''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]]'' (which is anatomically very similar to ''Guaibasaurus'') could also be assigned to the Guaibasauridae, though they did not conduct a [[phylogenetic]] analysis or define Guaibasauridae as a [[clade]]. The researchers also tentatively assigned the poorly understood genus ''[[Agnosphitys]]'' to this family.<ref name="bonaparteetal2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/08912960600866862 | last1 = Bonaparte | first1 = J.F. | last2 = Brea | first2 = G. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = C.L. | last4 = Martinelli | first4 = A.G. | year = 2007 | title = A new specimen of ''Guaibasaurus candelariensis'' (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil | url = | journal = Historical Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 1| pages = 73–82 }}</ref>
The exact makeup and classification of the Guaibasauridae remain uncertain. The family was originally named by [[Jose Bonaparte]] and colleagues in 1999 to contain a single [[genus]] and [[species]], ''[[Guaibasaurus|Guaibasaurus candelariensis]]''.<ref name="bonaparteetal1999">{{cite journal | last1 = Bonaparte | first1 = J.F. | last2 = Ferigolo | first2 = J. | last3 = Ribeiro | first3 = A.M. | year = 1999 | title = A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." ''Proceedings of the second Gondwanan Dinosaurs symposium'' | journal = National Science Museum Monographs, Tokyo | volume = 15 | pages = 89–109 }}</ref> When the second specimen of ''Guaibasaurus'' was described from better remains in 2007, it became easier to compare it to other enigmatic early saurischians, which are often difficult to classify because they combine characteristics of the two major saurischian groups, [[Theropoda]] and [[Sauropodomorpha]]. Bonaparte and colleagues, in light of the information gained from this second specimen, found that the genus ''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]]'' (which is anatomically very similar to ''Guaibasaurus'') could also be assigned to the Guaibasauridae, though they did not conduct a [[phylogenetic]] analysis or define Guaibasauridae as a [[clade]]. The researchers also tentatively assigned the poorly understood genus ''[[Agnosphitys]]'' to this family.<ref name="bonaparteetal2007">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/08912960600866862 | last1 = Bonaparte | first1 = J.F. | last2 = Brea | first2 = G. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = C.L. | last4 = Martinelli | first4 = A.G. | year = 2007 | title = A new specimen of ''Guaibasaurus candelariensis'' (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil | journal = Historical Biology | volume = 19 | issue = 1| pages = 73–82 | bibcode = 2007HBio...19...73B | s2cid = 128421960 }}</ref> However, the latter assignment was not supported by the results of the phylogenetic analyses of early dinosaurs that were carried out by Baron, Norman & Barrett (2017).<ref name="Ornithoscelida">Baron, M.G., Norman, D.B., and Barrett, P.M. (2017). A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. ''Nature'', '''543''': 501–506. {{doi|10.1038/nature21700}}</ref>


Bonaparte and colleagues (2007) found that guaibasaurids have more characteristics in common with theropods than they do with early sauropodomorphs (or "[[prosauropod]]s"). Because of this, according to Bonaparte, they are most likely either a very basal group on the stem leading toward sauropodomorphs, or a group ancestral to both sauropodomorphs and theropods. Furthermore, the authors interpret this as evidence that the common ancestor of both saurischian lineages was more theropod-like than prosauropod-like.<ref name="bonaparteetal2007"/>
Bonaparte and colleagues (2007) found that guaibasaurids have more characteristics in common with theropods than they do with early sauropodomorphs (or "[[prosauropod]]s"). Because of this, according to Bonaparte, they are most likely either a very basal group on the stem leading toward sauropodomorphs or a group ancestral to both sauropodomorphs and theropods. Furthermore, the authors interpret this as evidence that the common ancestor of both saurischian lineages was more theropod-like than prosauropod-like.<ref name="bonaparteetal2007"/>


Ezcurra (2010) defined the subfamily [[Saturnaliinae]] for the clade containing ''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]]'' and ''[[Chromogisaurus]]'', which were found to be close relatives in several studies.<ref name=":0">Ezcurra, M. D. (2010). A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8(3), 371-425.</ref> While they are sometimes found to be a subgroup of guaibasaurids,<ref>{{cite journal|author8=Ezcurra, M. D.|year=2010 |title=A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=371–425 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2010.484650|last1=Ezcurra|first1=Martin D.|bibcode=2010JSPal...8..371E |s2cid=129244872 }}</ref> other studies have found the saturnaliines to form an independent lineage at the very base of the sauropodomorph family tree.<ref name=Leyesaurus>{{cite journal |year=2011 |title=A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=11 |pages=e26964 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0026964 |author=Cecilia Apaldetti |author2=Ricardo N. Martinez |author3=Oscar A. Alcober |author4=Diego Pol |name-list-style=amp |editor1-last=Claessens |editor1-first=Leon |pmid=22096511 |pmc=3212523 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...626964A |doi-access=free }}</ref> Langer and colleagues (2019) recovered ''[[Pampadromaeus]]'' and ''[[Panphagia]]'' as relatives of ''Saturnalia'' and ''Chromogisaurus'', elevating Saturnaliinae to family rank as Saturnaliidae. They recovered ''Guaibasaurus'' as a basal theropod.<ref>Langer MC, McPhee BW, Marsola JCdA, Roberto-da-Silva L, Cabreira SF (2019) Anatomy of the dinosaur Pampadromaeus barberenai (Saurischia—Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of southern Brazil. PLoS ONE 14(2): e0212543. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212543</ref> ''Guaibasaurus'' has since been recovered as a sauropodomorph, possibly allied with [[Unaysauridae]], with [[Saturnaliidae]] representing a group of more basal sauropodomorphs.<ref name="muller2020">{{cite journal|last1=Müller|first1=R.T.|last2=Garcia|first2=M.S.|year=2020|title=A paraphyletic 'Silesauridae' as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs|journal=Biology Letters|volume=16|issue=8|pages=20200417|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2020.0417 |pmid=32842895 |pmc=7480155}}</ref> Among taxa at one point considered guaibasaurids, ''Agnosphitys'' has been reassigned to [[Silesauridae]], and ''Eoraptor'', ''Panphagia'', ''Saturnalia'' and ''Chromogisaurus'' are considered basalmost sauropodomorphs possibly in a clade of their own.<ref name="novas2021">{{cite journal|last1=Novas|first1=F.E.|last2=Agnolin|first2=F.L.|last3=Ezcurra|first3=M.D.|last4=Müller|first4=R.T.|last5=Martinelli|first5=A.|last6=Langer|first6=M.|year=2021|title=Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|volume=10|pages=103341|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103341|bibcode=2021JSAES.11003341N }}</ref>
==Taxonomy==
After Ezcurra (2010):<ref name="Ezcurra2010">{{cite journal|author8=Ezcurra, M. D.|year=2010 |title=A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=371–425 |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a924950072~frm=titlelink|doi=10.1080/14772019.2010.484650|last1=Ezcurra|first1=Martin D.}}</ref>
*'''Suborder [[Sauropodomorpha]]'''
**'''Family Guaibasauridae'''
***''[[Agnosphitys]]''
***''[[Guaibasaurus]]''
***''[[Panphagia]]''
***'''Subfamily [[Saturnaliinae]]'''
****''[[Chromogisaurus]]''
****''[[Saturnalia (dinosaur)|Saturnalia]]''


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==References==
==References==
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{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
{{Sauropodomorpha|S.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2070068}}


[[Category:Saurischians]]
[[Category:Sauropodomorphs]]
[[Category:Carnian first appearances]]

[[Category:Late Triassic extinctions]]
{{Sauropodomorph-stub}}
[[Category:Prehistoric dinosaur families]]

Latest revision as of 12:35, 12 May 2024

Guaibasaurids
Temporal range: Late Triassic, 225.42–225 Ma
↓
Fossil skeleton of Guaibasaurus candelariensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Family: †Guaibasauridae
Bonaparte et al., 1999
Type species
†Guaibasaurus candelariensis
Bonaparte et al., 1999
Subgroups

Guaibasauridae is a family of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs, known from fossil remains of late Triassic period formations in Brazil,[1] Argentina[2] and India.[3]

Classification

[edit]

The exact makeup and classification of the Guaibasauridae remain uncertain. The family was originally named by Jose Bonaparte and colleagues in 1999 to contain a single genus and species, Guaibasaurus candelariensis.[1] When the second specimen of Guaibasaurus was described from better remains in 2007, it became easier to compare it to other enigmatic early saurischians, which are often difficult to classify because they combine characteristics of the two major saurischian groups, Theropoda and Sauropodomorpha. Bonaparte and colleagues, in light of the information gained from this second specimen, found that the genus Saturnalia (which is anatomically very similar to Guaibasaurus) could also be assigned to the Guaibasauridae, though they did not conduct a phylogenetic analysis or define Guaibasauridae as a clade. The researchers also tentatively assigned the poorly understood genus Agnosphitys to this family.[4] However, the latter assignment was not supported by the results of the phylogenetic analyses of early dinosaurs that were carried out by Baron, Norman & Barrett (2017).[5]

Bonaparte and colleagues (2007) found that guaibasaurids have more characteristics in common with theropods than they do with early sauropodomorphs (or "prosauropods"). Because of this, according to Bonaparte, they are most likely either a very basal group on the stem leading toward sauropodomorphs or a group ancestral to both sauropodomorphs and theropods. Furthermore, the authors interpret this as evidence that the common ancestor of both saurischian lineages was more theropod-like than prosauropod-like.[4]

Ezcurra (2010) defined the subfamily Saturnaliinae for the clade containing Saturnalia and Chromogisaurus, which were found to be close relatives in several studies.[2] While they are sometimes found to be a subgroup of guaibasaurids,[6] other studies have found the saturnaliines to form an independent lineage at the very base of the sauropodomorph family tree.[7] Langer and colleagues (2019) recovered Pampadromaeus and Panphagia as relatives of Saturnalia and Chromogisaurus, elevating Saturnaliinae to family rank as Saturnaliidae. They recovered Guaibasaurus as a basal theropod.[8] Guaibasaurus has since been recovered as a sauropodomorph, possibly allied with Unaysauridae, with Saturnaliidae representing a group of more basal sauropodomorphs.[9] Among taxa at one point considered guaibasaurids, Agnosphitys has been reassigned to Silesauridae, and Eoraptor, Panphagia, Saturnalia and Chromogisaurus are considered basalmost sauropodomorphs possibly in a clade of their own.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Bonaparte, J.F.; Ferigolo, J.; Ribeiro, A.M. (1999). "A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil." Proceedings of the second Gondwanan Dinosaurs symposium". National Science Museum Monographs, Tokyo. 15: 89–109.
  2. ^ a b Ezcurra, M. D. (2010). A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8(3), 371-425.
  3. ^ Novas, Fernando E.; Ezcurra, Martin D.; Chatterjee, Sankar; Kutty, T. S. (September 2010). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of Central India". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101 (3–4): 333–349. Bibcode:2010EESTR.101..333N. doi:10.1017/S1755691011020093. ISSN 1755-6929.
  4. ^ a b Bonaparte, J.F.; Brea, G.; Schultz, C.L.; Martinelli, A.G. (2007). "A new specimen of Guaibasaurus candelariensis (basal Saurischia) from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil". Historical Biology. 19 (1): 73–82. Bibcode:2007HBio...19...73B. doi:10.1080/08912960600866862. S2CID 128421960.
  5. ^ Baron, M.G., Norman, D.B., and Barrett, P.M. (2017). A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature, 543: 501–506. doi:10.1038/nature21700
  6. ^ Ezcurra, Martin D. (2010). "A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (3): 371–425. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8..371E. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.484650. S2CID 129244872.
  7. ^ Cecilia Apaldetti; Ricardo N. Martinez; Oscar A. Alcober & Diego Pol (2011). Claessens, Leon (ed.). "A New Basal Sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from Quebrada del Barro Formation (Marayes-El Carrizal Basin), Northwestern Argentina". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e26964. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...626964A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026964. PMC 3212523. PMID 22096511.
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  9. ^ Müller, R.T.; Garcia, M.S. (2020). "A paraphyletic 'Silesauridae' as an alternative hypothesis for the initial radiation of ornithischian dinosaurs". Biology Letters. 16 (8): 20200417. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2020.0417. PMC 7480155. PMID 32842895.
  10. ^ Novas, F.E.; Agnolin, F.L.; Ezcurra, M.D.; Müller, R.T.; Martinelli, A.; Langer, M. (2021). "Review of the fossil record of early dinosaurs from South America, and its phylogenetic implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 10: 103341. Bibcode:2021JSAES.11003341N. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103341.
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