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{{about|the genus of flowering plants}}
{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae}}
{{About|the genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Eugenia1.jpg
|image=Eugenia1.jpg
| image_caption = ''Eugenia sprengelii''
|image_caption=''[[Eugenia sprengelii]]''
| display_parents = 2
|display_parents=2
| taxon = Eugenia
|taxon=Eugenia
|authority=P.Micheli ex L.
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4500 |title=Genus: ''Eugenia'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-12-12}}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Eugenia uniflora]]''
|type_species=''[[Eugenia uniflora]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|type_species_authority=[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision_ranks=Species
| subdivision = About 1,000; see text
|subdivision=Over 1,100; see [[list of Eugenia species|list of ''Eugenia'' species]]
⚫
|synonyms={{Collapsible list |{{Plainlist |style=margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
|synonyms =
*''Calomyrtus'' <small>Blume</small> nom. inval.
⚫
{{Collapsible list |{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Calomyrtus '' <small>Blume</small> nom. inval.
*''Calophylloides'' <small>Smeathman ex DC.</small>
*''Calophylloides '' <small>Smeathman ex DC.</small>
*''Calyptrogenia'' <small>Burret</small>
*''Catinga '' <small>Aubl.</small>
*''Catinga'' <small>Aubl.</small>
*''Chloromyrtus '' <small>Pierre</small>
*''Chloromyrtus'' <small>Pierre</small>
*''Emurtia '' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Emurtia'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Epleienda '' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Epleienda'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Greggia '' <small>Gaertn.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Eplejenda'' <small>Post & Kuntze</small>
*''Jossinia '' <small>Comm. ex DC.</small>
*''Greggia'' <small>Gaertn.</small> nom. illeg.
*''Monimiastrum '' <small>J.Guého & A.J.Scott</small>
*''Hexachlamys'' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''Myrcialeucus '' <small>[[Teodoro Rojas|Rojas]]</small>
*''Hottea'' <small>Urb.</small>
*''Myrtopsis '' <small>O.Hoffm.</small>
*''Jossinia'' <small>Comm. ex DC.</small>
*''Olynthia '' <small>Lindl.</small>
*''Meteoromyrtus'' <small>Gamble</small>
*''Phyllocalyx '' <small>O.Berg</small> nom. illeg.
*''Monimiastrum'' <small>J.Guého & A.J.Scott</small>
*''Pilothecium '' <small>(Kiaersk.) Kausel</small>
*''Myrcialeucus'' <small>[[Teodoro Rojas|Rojas]]</small>
*''Pseudeugenia '' <small>D.Legrand & Mattos</small>
*''Myrtopsis'' <small>O.Hoffm.</small>
*''Psidiastrum '' <small>Bello</small>
*''Olynthia'' <small>Lindl.</small>
*''Stenocalyx '' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''Stenocalyx'' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''Stereocaryum'' <small>Burret</small>
}}
}}
}} }}
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=wcsp/><ref name="POWO_326088-2">{{cite web |title=''Eugenia'' P.Micheli ex L&period; |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326088-2 |access-date=2021-09-29 }}</ref>
⚫
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=74214 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |accessdate=March 8, 2014}}</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Eugenia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the myrtle family [[Myrtaceae]]. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,000 [[species]] occur in the [[New World]] tropics, especially in the northern [[Andes]], the [[Caribbean]], and the [[Atlantic Forest]] (coastal forests) of eastern [[Brazil]]. Other centers of diversity include [[New Caledonia]] and [[Madagascar]]. Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of ''Eugenia'' have been described from [[Mesoamerica]] in the past few years. At least 20 new species are currently in the process of being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in [[Madagascar]]. Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in [[Australia]] (e.g. ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Corymbia]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'', ''[[Melaleuca]]'', ''[[Callistemon]]'', ''[[Rhodamnia]]'', ''[[Gossia]]''), only one species of ''Eugenia'', ''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana|E. reinwardtiana]]'', occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in [[Africa]] south of the [[Sahara]], but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some [[botanist]]s included the morphologically similar [[Old World]] genus ''[[Syzygium]]'' in ''Eugenia'', but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in [[South Africa]] suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.
'''''Eugenia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the myrtle family [[Myrtaceae]]. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 [[species]] occur in the [[New World]] tropics, especially in the eastern [[Brazil]]'s northern [[Andes]], the [[Caribbean]], and the [[Atlantic Forest]] (coastal forests). Other centers of diversity include [[New Caledonia]] and [[Madagascar]]. Many species in the [[Old World]] have received a new [[Biological classification|classification]] into the genus ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/advanced-search.php|title=Login &#124; Merriam-Webster Unabridged}}</ref>


All species are woody [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.
All species are woody [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.


==Taxonomy==
⚫
''Eugenia'' species are sometimes used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of [[Hepialidae|hepialid]] [[moth]]s of the genera ''[[Aenetus]]'' (including ''A. splendens'') and ''[[Endoclita]]'' (including ''E. damor'' and ''E. malabaricus''). ''Aenetus'' species burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other [[Lepidoptera]] larvae which feed on ''Eugenia'' include ''[[Eupseudosoma|Eupseudosoma aberrans]]'' and [[Eupseudosoma|Snowy Eupseudosoma]].
The genus was named in honor of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]].<ref name=stearn2004/>


Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of ''Eugenia'' have been described from [[Mesoamerica]] in the past few years.{{when|date=January 2019}} At least 20 new species are currently{{when|date=January 2019}} being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in [[Madagascar]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in [[Australia]] (e.g. ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Corymbia]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'', ''[[Melaleuca]]'', ''[[Callistemon]]'', ''[[Rhodamnia]]'', ''[[Gossia]]''), only one species of ''Eugenia'', ''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana|E. reinwardtiana]]'', occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa south of the [[Sahara]], but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some [[botanist]]s{{which|date=June 2019}} included the morphologically similar [[Old World]] genus ''[[Syzygium]]'' in ''Eugenia'', but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in [[South Africa]] suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
⚫
The genus was named in honor of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]].<ref>{{cite book |first=W. T. |last=Stearn |year=2004 |title=Botanical Latin |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press}}</ref>


⚫
[[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies have changed the historical [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus. Many species formerly placed in ''Eugenia'' have been moved to ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=John W. |last2=Fagg|first2=Murray A. |date=2003 |title=Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).}}</ref> Two others have been reassigned to ''[[Pimenta (genus)|Pimenta]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://novataxa.blogspot.com/2018/04/pimenta-hispaniola.html|title=The All-spice Genus ''Pimenta'' (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, ''Pimenta berciliae'', Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes |date=24 April 2018 |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Caribbean]] genera ''Hottea'', ''Calyptrogenia'' and ''Pseudanamomis'' were shown to be embedded in ''Eugenia''.<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20/> The monotypic Indian genus ''Meteoromyrtus'' was also found to be part of ''Eugenia''.<ref name=WilsHesl16/>
⚫
==Selected species==

⚫
*''[[Eugenia angustissima]]'' <small>[[Otto Karl Berg|O.Berg]]</small> &ndash; Needle-leaf cherry
=== Species ===
⚫
*''[[Eugenia aurata]]'' <small>[[Otto Karl Berg|O.Berg]]</small>
{{Main|List of Eugenia species{{!}}List of ''Eugenia'' species}}
*''[[Eugenia axillaris]]'' <small>[[Olof Swartz|Sw.]][[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]</small><ref name="Wunderlin and Hansen">Wunderlin, R. P., and B. F. Hansen. 2008. "Eugenia axillaris". Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (http://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=2831).[S. M. Landry and K. N. Campbell (application development), USF Water Institute.] Institute for Systematic Botany, University of South Florida, Tampa.</ref>
⚫
Selected species include:
*''[[Eugenia azeda]]'' <small>[[Marcos Sobral|M.Sobral]]</small> &ndash; Feijoa pitanga
{{Columns-list|colwidth=35em|
*''[[Eugenia beaurepairiana]]'' &ndash; Visconde uvaia
*''[[Eugenia bimarginata]]'' <small>[[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia angustissima]]'' <small>[[Otto Karl Berg|O.Berg]]</small> &ndash; needle-leaf cherry
*''[[Eugenia blastantha]]'' <small>(O.Berg) [[D.Legrand]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia azeda]]'' <small>[[Marcos Sobral|M.Sobral]]</small> &ndash; feijoa pitanga
*''[[Eugenia brasiliensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]</small> &ndash; Grumichama ([[Brazil]])
*''[[Eugenia brasiliensis]]'' <small>[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]</small> &ndash; grumichama ([[Brazil]])
⚫
*''[[Eugenia brevistyla]]'' <small>D.Legrand</small> ([[Brazil]])
*''[[Eugenia brejoensis]]'' <small>Mazine</small><ref name=mazine>Fiorella Fernanda Mazine and Viniciu Castro Souza (2008), ''A new species of ''Eugenia'' (Myrtaceae) from north-eastern Brazil'' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, volume 158, issue 4, pages 775–777.</ref>
*''[[Eugenia candolleana]]'' &ndash; Rainforest plum
*''[[Eugenia calycina]]'' <small>[[Cambess.]]</small> - savannah cherry
*''[[Eugenia capensis]]'' &ndash; Dune myrtle, Eastern Cape myrtle (South Africa)
*''[[Eugenia candolleana]]'' &ndash; rainforest plum
*''[[Eugenia capensis]]'' &ndash; dune myrtle, Eastern Cape myrtle (South Africa)
*''[[Eugenia cerasiflora]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia cerasiflora]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia cereja]]'' <small>[[D.Legrand]]</small> &ndash; Mountain cherry
*''[[Eugenia cereja]]'' <small>[[D.Legrand]]</small> &ndash; mountain cherry
⚫
*''[[Eugenia confusa]]''
*''[[Eugenia copacabanensis]]'' <small></small> &ndash; Copacabana Beach pitanga ([[Atlantic Coast restingas]] in the [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|state of Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil) <!-- Endangered species-->
*''[[Eugenia copacabanensis]]'' <small></small> &ndash; Copacabana Beach pitanga ([[Atlantic Coast restingas]] in the [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|state of Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil) <!-- Endangered species-->
*''[[Eugenia coronata]]''
*''[[Eugenia coronata]]''
*''[[Eugenia dysenterica]]'' <small>DC.</small><!-- Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14 (3) 285-287 --> a.k.a. ''Stenocalyx dysentericus'' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''[[Eugenia dysenterica]]'' <small>DC.</small><!-- Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14 (3) 285-287 --> a.k.a. ''Stenocalyx dysentericus'' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''[[Eugenia earthiana]]'' ([[Costa Rica]]) <!-- The name refers to the EARTH superior education institution (Escuela de Agricultura de la Región Tropical Húmeda). -->
*''[[Eugenia earthiana]]'' ([[Costa Rica]])
⚫
*''[[Eugenia ekmanii]]''
*''[[Eugenia fernandopoana]]''
*''[[Eugenia fernandopoana]]''
*''[[Eugenia florida]]'' &ndash; Rainforest cherry, Guamirim cereja
*''[[Eugenia florida]]'' &ndash; rainforest cherry, guamirim cereja
*''[[Eugenia foetida]]''
*''[[Eugenia foetida]]''
*''[[Eugenia fulva]]''
*''[[Eugenia fulva]]''
*''[[Eugenia hiemalis]]'' <small>[[Jacques Cambessèdes|Cambess.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia involucrata]]'' &ndash; cherry of the Rio Grande
*''[[Eugenia involucrata]]'' &ndash; Cherry of the Rio Grande
*''[[Eugenia klotzschiana]]'' <small>O.Berg</small> &ndash; cerrado pear
⚫
*''[[Eugenia koolauensis]]'' <small>[[Otto Degener|O.Deg]]</small> &ndash; Ko{{okina}}olau eugenia, ''nioi'' (Islands of [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] and [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] in [[Hawaii]])
:*''[[Eugenia involucrata var. calycina]]'' &ndash; Cerrado cherry. Sometimes classified as ''Eugenia calycina''.
*''[[Eugenia klotzschiana]]'' <small>O.Berg</small> &ndash; Cerrado pear
⚫
*''[[Eugenia koolauensis]]'' <small>[[Otto Degener|O.Deg]]</small> &ndash; Ko{{okina}}olau Eugenia, ''Nioi'' (Islands of [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]] and [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]] in [[Hawaii]])
*''[[Eugenia lamprophylla]]''
*''[[Eugenia lamprophylla]]''
*''[[Eugenia livida]]'' <small>O.Berg</small>
*''[[Eugenia luschnathiana]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]] & O.Berg</small> &ndash; Bahia pitomba ([[Bahia]], Brazil), not to be confused with ''[[Talisia esculenta]]''
*''[[Eugenia luschnathiana]]'' <small>[[Johann Friedrich Klotzsch|Klotzsch]] & O.Berg</small> &ndash; Bahia pitomba ([[Bahia]], Brazil), not to be confused with [[Talisia esculenta]]
*''[[Eugenia lutescens]]'' &ndash; Field uvaia, Field perinha, sweet uvainha. Sometimes classified as ''Eugenia sellowiana'' var. ''lutescens''.
*''[[Eugenia mabaeoides]]'' <small>Wight.</small>
*''[[Eugenia mabaeoides]]'' <small>Wight.</small>
*''[[Eugenia mattosii]]'' &ndash; Pitanguinha
*''[[Eugenia neomyrtifolia]]''
*''[[Eugenia modesta]]''
*''[[Eugenia monticola]]''
*''Eugenia'' ''neomyrtifolia''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-76110|title=Eugenia neomyrtifolia Sobral — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2018-01-18}}</ref>
*''[[Eugenia nitida]]'' &ndash; Pitanga-juba, restinga pitangão, bush orange
*''[[Eugenia orbiculata]]''
*''[[Eugenia orbiculata]]''
*''[[Eugenia palumbis]]'' &ndash; Agatelang
*''[[Eugenia palumbis]]'' &ndash; agatelang
*''[[Eugenia petrikensis]]''
*''[[Eugenia petrikensis]]''
*''[[Eugenia pitanga]]'' <small>(O.Berg ex [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]]) [[Kiaersk.]]</small> &ndash; Pitanga-peba, creeping pitanga
*''[[Eugenia pitanga]]'' <small>(O.Berg ex [[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]]) [[Kiaersk.]]</small> &ndash; pitanga-peba, creeping pitanga
*''[[Eugenia pluriflora]]'' <small>[[Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|Mart.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia polyantha]]''
*''[[Eugenia punicifolia]]'' <small>([[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]) [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia punicifolia]]'' <small>([[Carl Sigismund Kunth|Kunth]]) [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia pyriformis]]'' <small>Brazil</small> &ndash; Uvaia, uvalha
*''[[Eugenia pyriformis]]'' <small>Brazil</small> &ndash; uvaia, uvalha
:*''[[Eugenia pyriformis x lutescens]]'' &ndash; Rugosa uvaia
*''[[Eugenia pruniformis]]'' <small>Brazil</small> &ndash; azeitoninha-da-praia (little beach olive)
*''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana]]'' <small>([[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]) DC.<!--1828--></small> &ndash; Mountain stopper, Cedar Bay cherry, neach cherry ([[Queensland]] in [[Australia]], [[Indonesia]], Pacific Islands)
*''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana]]'' <small>([[Carl Ludwig Blume|Blume]]) DC.<!--1828--></small> &ndash; mountain stopper, Cedar Bay cherry, beach cherry ([[Queensland]] in [[Australia]], [[Indonesia]], Pacific Islands)
*''[[Eugenia repanda]]'' &ndash; Pitanga-jambo
*''[[Eugenia repanda]]'' &ndash; pitanga-jambo
*''[[Eugenia roxburghii]] <small>[[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia roxburghii]]'' <small>[[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]</small>
*''[[Eugenia selloi]]'' &ndash; Pitanga-tuba, pitangola
*''[[Eugenia selloi]]'' &ndash; pitanga-tuba, pitangola
*''[[Eugenia sellowiana]]'' &ndash; Field uvaia, field perinha, sweet uvainha
*''[[Eugenia sellowiana]]'' &ndash; field uvaia, field perinha, sweet uvainha
*''[[Eugenia singampattiana]]'' <small>Beddome</small>
*''[[Eugenia singampattiana]]'' <small>Beddome</small>
*''[[Eugenia speciosa]]'' &ndash; Ibaijuba, Bush orange
*''[[Eugenia speciosa]]'' &ndash; ibaijuba, bush orange
⚫
*''[[Eugenia stipitata]]'' <small>[[Rogers McVaugh|McVaugh]]</small> &ndash; arazá-boi ([[Amazon Rainforest]])
*''[[Eugenia sprengelii]]''
*''[[Eugenia stipitata]]'' <small>[[Rogers McVaugh|McVaugh]]</small> &ndash; Arazá-boi ([[Amazon Rainforest]])
*''[[Eugenia subterminalis]]'' &ndash; bush cherry, smooth pitanga of the shade
*''[[Eugenia subterminalis]]'' &ndash; Bush cherry, Smooth pitanga of the shade
*''[[Eugenia sulcata]]'' &ndash; pitanga-preta
*''[[Eugenia sulcata]]'' &ndash; Pitanga-preta
*''[[Eugenia supraaxillaris]]''
*''[[Eugenia truncata]]''
*''[[Eugenia truncata]]''
*''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ([[South Africa]])
*''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ([[South Africa]])
*''[[Eugenia uniflora]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> &ndash; Suriname cherry, pitanga ([[Neotropic ecozone|Neotropics]])
*''[[Eugenia uniflora]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> &ndash; Suriname cherry, pitanga ([[Neotropical realm|Neotropics]])
*''[[Eugenia uruguayensis]]'' <small>Cambess.</small>
*''[[Eugenia uruguayensis]]'' <small>Cambess.</small>
*''[[Eugenia victoriana]]'' &ndash; Guayabilla. <small>northern South America</small>
*''[[Eugenia victoriana]]'' &ndash; guayabilla (northern South America)
}}


==Ecology==
===Formerly placed here===
⚫
''Eugenia'' species are sometimes used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of [[Hepialidae|hepialid]] [[moth]]s of the genera ''[[Aenetus]]'' (including ''[[Aenetus splendens|A. splendens]]'') and ''[[Endoclita]]'' (including ''[[Endoclita damor|E. damor]]'' and ''[[Endoclita malabaricus|E. malabaricus]]''). ''[[Aenetus]]'' species burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other [[Lepidoptera]] larvae which feed on ''Eugenia'' include ''[[Eupseudosoma aberrans]]'' and the [[snowy eupseudosoma]].
⚫
Many species formerly placed in ''Eugenia'' have been moved to ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref> {{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=John W. |last2=Fagg|first2=Murray A. |date=2003 |title=Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).}}</ref> Two others have been reassigned to ''[[Pimenta (genus)|Pimenta]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://novataxa.blogspot.com/2018/04/pimenta-hispaniola.html|title=The All-spice Genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, Pimenta berciliae, Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
⚫
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Wikispecies}}
<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20>{{Cite journal |last1=Flickinger |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Jestrow |first2=Brett |last3=Oviedo Prieto |first3=Ramona |last4=Santiago-Valentín |first4=Eugenio |last5=Sustache-Sustache |first5=José |last6=Jiménez-Rodríguez |first6=Francisco |last7=Campbell |first7=Keron C. St. E. |last8=Francisco-Ortega |first8=Javier |date=2020 |title=A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species |journal=Taxon |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=448–480 |doi=10.1002/tax.12263 |s2cid=225866702 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
⚫
{{Reflist}}

⚫
<ref name=stearn2004>{{cite book |first=W. T. |last=Stearn |year=2004 |title=Botanical Latin |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name=wcsp>{{cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=74214 |title=WCSP |work= World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |access-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name=WilsHesl16>{{Cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=P.G. |last2=Heslewood |first2=M.M. |date=2016 |title=Phylogenetic position of ''Meteoromyrtus'' (Myrtaceae) |journal=Telopea |volume=19 |pages=45–55 |doi=10.7751/telopea10389 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>
}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q975998}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q975998}}
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[[Category:Eugenia| ]]
[[Category:Eugenia| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Pantropical flora]]

Latest revision as of 06:19, 13 May 2024

This article is about the genus of flowering plants. For other uses, see Eugenia (disambiguation).

Eugenia
Eugenia sprengelii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Myrteae
Genus: Eugenia
P.Micheli ex L.
Type species
Eugenia uniflora
Species

Over 1,100; see list of Eugenia species

Synonyms[1][2]
List
    • Calomyrtus Blume nom. inval.
    • Calophylloides Smeathman ex DC.
    • Calyptrogenia Burret
    • Catinga Aubl.
    • Chloromyrtus Pierre
    • Emurtia Raf.
    • Epleienda Raf.
    • Eplejenda Post & Kuntze
    • Greggia Gaertn. nom. illeg.
    • Hexachlamys O.Berg
    • Hottea Urb.
    • Jossinia Comm. ex DC.
    • Meteoromyrtus Gamble
    • Monimiastrum J.Guého & A.J.Scott
    • Myrcialeucus Rojas
    • Myrtopsis O.Hoffm.
    • Olynthia Lindl.
    • Stenocalyx O.Berg
    • Stereocaryum Burret

Eugenia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 species occur in the New World tropics, especially in the eastern Brazil's northern Andes, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Forest (coastal forests). Other centers of diversity include New Caledonia and Madagascar. Many species in the Old World have received a new classification into the genus Syzygium.[3]

All species are woody evergreen trees and shrubs. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.

Taxonomy

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The genus was named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.[4]

Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of Eugenia have been described from Mesoamerica in the past few years.[when?] At least 20 new species are currently[when?] being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in Madagascar.[citation needed] Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in Australia (e.g. Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Melaleuca, Callistemon, Rhodamnia, Gossia), only one species of Eugenia, E. reinwardtiana, occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa south of the Sahara, but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some botanists[which?] included the morphologically similar Old World genus Syzygium in Eugenia, but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in South Africa suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.[citation needed]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have changed the historical circumscription of the genus. Many species formerly placed in Eugenia have been moved to Syzygium.[5] Two others have been reassigned to Pimenta.[6] The Caribbean genera Hottea, Calyptrogenia and Pseudanamomis were shown to be embedded in Eugenia.[7] The monotypic Indian genus Meteoromyrtus was also found to be part of Eugenia.[8]

Species

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Main article: List of Eugenia species

Selected species include:

Ecology

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Eugenia species are sometimes used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genera Aenetus (including A. splendens) and Endoclita (including E. damor and E. malabaricus). Aenetus species burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other Lepidoptera larvae which feed on Eugenia include Eupseudosoma aberrans and the snowy eupseudosoma.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eugenia.
  1. ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  2. ^ "Eugenia P.Micheli ex L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  3. ^ "Login | Merriam-Webster Unabridged".
  4. ^ Stearn, W. T. (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
  5. ^ Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray A. (2003). Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).
  6. ^ "The All-spice Genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, Pimenta berciliae, Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes". 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  7. ^ Flickinger, Jonathan A.; Jestrow, Brett; Oviedo Prieto, Ramona; Santiago-Valentín, Eugenio; Sustache-Sustache, José; Jiménez-Rodríguez, Francisco; Campbell, Keron C. St. E. & Francisco-Ortega, Javier (2020). "A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species". Taxon. 69 (3): 448–480. doi:10.1002/tax.12263. S2CID 225866702.
  8. ^ Wilson, P.G. & Heslewood, M.M. (2016). "Phylogenetic position of Meteoromyrtus (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 19: 45–55. doi:10.7751/telopea10389.
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