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'''Drug |
'''Drug czar''' is an [[slang|informal]] name for the person who directs drug-control policies in various areas. The term follows the informal use of the term [[Czar (U.S. political term)|''czar'']] in U.S. politics. The 'drug czar' title first appeared in a 1982 news story by [[United Press International]] that reported that, "[United States] Senators ... voted 62–34 to establish a 'drug czar' who would have overall responsibility for U.S. drug policy."<ref>{{cite web|author1=Anthony H. Gamboa|title=Letter to Hon. John W. Olver & Hon. Henry A. Waxman, subject: ''Office of National Drug Control Policy''|url=http://www.csdp.org/research/303495.pdf|website=csdp.org|publisher=U.S. Government Accountability Office|accessdate=4 August 2014|pages=14–15|date=4 January 2005|quote=We conclude that ONDCP’s prepackaged news stories violate the ban on covert propaganda, but its use of the term "drug czar" to refer to ONDCP’s Director does not violate the ban on self-aggrandizement.}}</ref> Since then, several ''ad hoc'' executive positions established in both the United States and United Kingdom have subsequently been referred to in this manner. |
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== Germany == |
== Germany == |
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[[File:Drug Czar Visits Covenant House (3858774035).jpg|thumb|Drug Czar [[Gil Kerlikowske]] speaks with staff and patients at the [[Covenant House]], which helps drug-addicted teenagers and adults.]] |
[[File:Drug Czar Visits Covenant House (3858774035).jpg|thumb|Drug Czar [[Gil Kerlikowske]] speaks with staff and patients at the [[Covenant House]], which helps drug-addicted teenagers and adults.]] |
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The first US Drug |
The first US Drug czar was [[Harry J. Anslinger]] who served as the first Commissioner of the Treasury Department's ''[[Federal Bureau of Narcotics]]'' from 1930 to 1962, under the administrations of five presidents: [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]], [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] and [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]]. Legislative efforts for marijuana prohibition under Anslinger included a push for all states to adopt similar drug laws, the [[Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act]] and the [[Marijuana Tax Act of 1937]], which in effect criminalized the drug and set the stage for marijuana prohibition. |
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=== Nixon and Ford administrations === |
=== Nixon and Ford administrations === |
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=== Carter administration === |
=== Carter administration === |
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* [[Peter Bourne]], Director of the National Drug Control Policy |
* [[Peter Bourne]], Director of the National Drug Control Policy followed by Lee I Dogoloff |
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* [[Mathea Falco]], Assistant [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] for International Narcotics |
* [[Mathea Falco]], Assistant [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] for International Narcotics |
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=== Reagan administration === |
=== Reagan administration === |
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* Carlton Turner PhD, ScD, Director of the Drug Abuse Policy Office. Turner, while working as drug czar, was in communication with Elisaldo Carlini, a scientist in Brazil whose lab was studying the beneficial effects of CBD. Turner helped establish the Marijuana Research Project at the [[University of Mississippi]].<ref name="NYT20200523">{{cite news |last1=Lewis|first1=Amanda Chicago |title=A Hidden Origin Story of the CBD Craze |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/23/sunday-review/coronavirus-cbd-oil.html |accessdate=24 May 2020 |newspaper=New York Times |date=23 May 2020}}</ref> |
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* Carlton Turner PhD, ScD, Director of the Drug Abuse Policy Office |
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* D. Ian McDonald, MD. Deputy Assistant to the President, Drug Abuse Policy Office |
* D. Ian McDonald, MD. Deputy Assistant to the President, Drug Abuse Policy Office |
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*Vice President George H.W. Bush, who created and oversaw the Vice President's National Narcotics Border Interdiction System |
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=== 1988–present === |
=== 1988–present === |
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=== Trump administration === |
=== Trump administration === |
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* (''Opioid czar''): The Chair of the [[Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission]]. <small>Note: In March 2017 it was announced that [[governor of New Jersey]] [[Chris Christie]] was to head the |
* (''Opioid czar''): The Chair of the [[Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission]]. <small>Note: In March 2017 it was announced that [[governor of New Jersey]] [[Chris Christie]] was to head the commission.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/03/29/chris-christie-to-lead-trump-white-house-drug-commission/ |title=Chris Christie to lead Trump White House drug commission |date=2021-11-26 |orig-date=2017-03-29 |author1=Philip Rucker |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |place=Washington, D.C. |issn=0190-8286 |oclc=1330888409}}{{WaPoCheckDates}}</ref></small> |
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=== State and local authorities === |
=== State and local authorities === |
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In California, the head of the state [[California Bureau of Medical Cannabis|Bureau of Medical Cannabis]] has been called "marijuana czar".<ref>{{citation|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|title=Has she smoked weed? What will happen with recreational pot?: A conversation with California's first marijuana czar|author= Patrick McGreevy|date=April 7, 2016|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-lori-ajax-marijuana-regulator-20160408-htmlstory.html}}</ref> |
In California, the head of the state [[California Bureau of Medical Cannabis|Bureau of Medical Cannabis]] has been called "marijuana czar".<ref>{{citation|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|title=Has she smoked weed? What will happen with recreational pot?: A conversation with California's first marijuana czar|author= Patrick McGreevy|date=April 7, 2016|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-lori-ajax-marijuana-regulator-20160408-htmlstory.html}}</ref> |
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Following statewide medical and recreational legalization, the city of [[Sacramento, California]] appointed a director of cannabis policy and enforcement, called a pot czar.<ref>{{citation|title=Sacramento 'Pot Czar' preparing for legalization of recreational marijuana sales|publisher=[[KXTV]] ABC 10 TV News|date=October 31, 2017|url=http://www.abc10.com/news/local/sac-pot-czar-this-is-a-huge-moment/487804512}}</ref> |
Following statewide medical and recreational legalization, the city of [[Sacramento, California]] appointed a director of cannabis policy and enforcement, called a pot czar.<ref>{{citation|title=Sacramento 'Pot Czar' preparing for legalization of recreational marijuana sales|publisher=[[KXTV]] ABC 10 TV News|date=October 31, 2017|url=http://www.abc10.com/news/local/sac-pot-czar-this-is-a-huge-moment/487804512|access-date=November 11, 2017|archive-date=September 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920040243/http://www.abc10.com/news/local/sac-pot-czar-this-is-a-huge-moment/487804512|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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In Washington State, the consultant to the [[Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board]] determining statewide procedures and regulations following legalization was "quickly dubbed 'pot czar'".<ref>{{citation|title=Don't Call Him the "Pot Czar": Mark Kleiman Is Advising the State on How to Run a Legal Pot Industry|author=Ben Livingston|work=[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]|date=April 10, 2013|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/dont-call-him-the-pot-czar/Content?oid=16460452}}</ref> A similar cannabis regulation staff position in [[Oregon Liquor Control Commission]] was also called "marijuana czar".<ref>{{citation|title=Oregon's marijuana czar ready to look for answers|author=Anna Staver|date=December 18, 2014 |newspaper=Statesman Journal|location=Salem, Oregon|url=http://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2014/12/19/oregons-marijuana-czar-ready-look-answers/20626413/}}</ref> |
In Washington State, the consultant to the [[Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board]] determining statewide procedures and regulations following legalization was "quickly dubbed 'pot czar'".<ref>{{citation|title=Don't Call Him the "Pot Czar": Mark Kleiman Is Advising the State on How to Run a Legal Pot Industry|author=Ben Livingston|work=[[The Stranger (newspaper)|The Stranger]]|date=April 10, 2013|url=http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/dont-call-him-the-pot-czar/Content?oid=16460452}}</ref> A similar cannabis regulation staff position in [[Oregon Liquor Control Commission]] was also called "marijuana czar".<ref>{{citation|title=Oregon's marijuana czar ready to look for answers|author=Anna Staver|date=December 18, 2014 |newspaper=Statesman Journal|location=Salem, Oregon|url=http://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/politics/2014/12/19/oregons-marijuana-czar-ready-look-answers/20626413/}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 14 May 2024
Drug czar is an informal name for the person who directs drug-control policies in various areas. The term follows the informal use of the term czar in U.S. politics. The 'drug czar' title first appeared in a 1982 news story by United Press International that reported that, "[United States] Senators ... voted 62–34 to establish a 'drug czar' who would have overall responsibility for U.S. drug policy."[1] Since then, several ad hoc executive positions established in both the United States and United Kingdom have subsequently been referred to in this manner.
Germany
[edit]The Drug Commissioner of the German Federal Government has been called the nation's drug czar by the state media company Deutsche Welle.[2]
United States
[edit].jpg)
The first US Drug czar was Harry J. Anslinger who served as the first Commissioner of the Treasury Department's Federal Bureau of Narcotics from 1930 to 1962, under the administrations of five presidents: Hoover, Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy. Legislative efforts for marijuana prohibition under Anslinger included a push for all states to adopt similar drug laws, the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act and the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which in effect criminalized the drug and set the stage for marijuana prohibition.
Nixon and Ford administrations
[edit]- Jerome Jaffe, head of the Special Office for Drug Abuse Prevention
- Myles Ambrose, head of the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (ODALE)
- Robert DuPont, Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration
Carter administration
[edit]- Peter Bourne, Director of the National Drug Control Policy followed by Lee I Dogoloff
- Mathea Falco, Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics
Reagan administration
[edit]- Carlton Turner PhD, ScD, Director of the Drug Abuse Policy Office. Turner, while working as drug czar, was in communication with Elisaldo Carlini, a scientist in Brazil whose lab was studying the beneficial effects of CBD. Turner helped establish the Marijuana Research Project at the University of Mississippi.[3]
- D. Ian McDonald, MD. Deputy Assistant to the President, Drug Abuse Policy Office
- Vice President George H.W. Bush, who created and oversaw the Vice President's National Narcotics Border Interdiction System
1988–present
[edit]- The Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Trump administration
[edit]- (Opioid czar): The Chair of the Opioid and Drug Abuse Commission. Note: In March 2017 it was announced that governor of New Jersey Chris Christie was to head the commission.[4]
State and local authorities
[edit]In California, the head of the state Bureau of Medical Cannabis has been called "marijuana czar".[5]
Following statewide medical and recreational legalization, the city of Sacramento, California appointed a director of cannabis policy and enforcement, called a pot czar.[6]
In Washington State, the consultant to the Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board determining statewide procedures and regulations following legalization was "quickly dubbed 'pot czar'".[7] A similar cannabis regulation staff position in Oregon Liquor Control Commission was also called "marijuana czar".[8]
United Kingdom
[edit]In the UK, Keith Hellawell, former Drugs Advisor to the Labour government of Tony Blair, has been referred to as a drug czar.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Anthony H. Gamboa (4 January 2005). "Letter to Hon. John W. Olver & Hon. Henry A. Waxman, subject: Office of National Drug Control Policy" (PDF). csdp.org. U.S. Government Accountability Office. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
We conclude that ONDCP's prepackaged news stories violate the ban on covert propaganda, but its use of the term "drug czar" to refer to ONDCP's Director does not violate the ban on self-aggrandizement.
- ^ German Youths Choose Alcohol Over Cannabis, Drug Czar Says, Deutsche Welle, May 5, 2008
- ^ Lewis, Amanda Chicago (23 May 2020). "A Hidden Origin Story of the CBD Craze". New York Times. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- ^ Philip Rucker (2021-11-26) [2017-03-29]. "Chris Christie to lead Trump White House drug commission". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 1330888409.[please check these dates]
- ^ Patrick McGreevy (April 7, 2016), "Has she smoked weed? What will happen with recreational pot?: A conversation with California's first marijuana czar", The Los Angeles Times
- ^ Sacramento 'Pot Czar' preparing for legalization of recreational marijuana sales, KXTV ABC 10 TV News, October 31, 2017, archived from the original on September 20, 2023, retrieved November 11, 2017
- ^ Ben Livingston (April 10, 2013), "Don't Call Him the "Pot Czar": Mark Kleiman Is Advising the State on How to Run a Legal Pot Industry", The Stranger
- ^ Anna Staver (December 18, 2014), "Oregon's marijuana czar ready to look for answers", Statesman Journal, Salem, Oregon
External links
[edit]- Senators urge Obama to deliver consistent message on marijuana Fresno Bee, July 29, 2014