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{{Short description|1946–1954 administrative divisions of China}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
'''Greater administrative areas''' ({{zh|c=大行政区|p=Dàxíngzhèngqū}}) were early top-level administrative divisions of the [[People's Republic of China]] that directly governed [[provinces of China|provinces]] and [[municipalities of China|municipalities]]. These were the largest-ever [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|political divisions of China]] and were controlled by the [[Central People's Government]]. They were dissolved between June and November 1954.


[[File:PRC Div 1952-53 Greater Administrative Area.svg|thumb|400px|Greater administrative areas of China (with 1952-1953 provincial borders)]]
==List==

The greater administrative areas originated from the districts governed by [[zongdu|governors-general]] (總督轄區) established during the late [[Qing]] dynasty. The six greater administrative areas were:
'''Greater administrative regions''' or '''greater administrative areas''' ({{zh|s=大行政区|t=大行政區|p=Dà Xíngzhèng Qū}}) were top-level administrative divisions of the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]]-held [[Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)|Liberated Zone]] in [[North China|Northern]] [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] and later the nascent [[China|People's Republic of China]] that directly governed [[provinces of China|provinces]] and [[direct-administered municipalities of China|municipalities]]. These were the largest-ever [[administrative divisions of China|political divisions of China]] and were controlled by the [[Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)|Central People's Government]]. They were dissolved between June and November 1954.

== List ==
The greater administrative regions originated from the districts governed by [[viceroys in China|governors-general]] ({{zh|s=总督辖区|t=總督轄區|p=Zǒngdū Xiáqū}}) established during the late [[Qing dynasty]]. The six greater administrative regions were:


{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|-bgcolor= lightgreen
|-bgcolor= lightgreen
! Area !! [[Hanzi]] !! Initial subdivisions !! 1st secretary !! 1st chairman !! Capital !! Creation !! People's gov't creation
! Region !! Chinese<br />Simplified<br />Traditional !! Initial subdivisions !! 1st secretary !! 1st chairman !! [[Capital city|Capital]] !! Creation !! People's gov't creation !! Abolished
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Huabei Area]] (North China) ||華北區|| [[Hebei]], [[Shanxi]], [[Chahar (province)|Chahar]], [[Pingyuan Province|Pingyuan]], [[Suiyuan]], [[Beijing]], and [[Tianjin]] || [[Liu Shaoqi]] || [[Dong Biwu]] || [[Beijing]] || May 1948 || August 1948
| [[Huabei Region|Hwapei]]<br>(North China) ||{{lang|zh-hans|华北区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|華北區}} || [[Hebei]], [[Shanxi]], [[Chahar (province)|Chahar]], [[Pingyuan Province|Pingyuan]], [[Suiyuan]], [[Beijing]], and [[Tianjin]] || [[Liu Shaoqi]] || [[Dong Biwu]] || [[Beijing]] || 9 May 1948 || 26 September 1948 || 7 August 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Dongbei Area]] (Northeast) ||東北區|| [[Songjiang (province)|Songjiang]], [[Jilin]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Liaodong]], [[Liaoxi]], [[Rehe (province)|Rehe]], [[Lüshun]]-[[Dalian]], [[Shenyang]], [[Benxi]], [[Anshan, China|Anshan]], and [[Fushun]] || [[Gao Gang]] || [[Gao Gang]] || [[Shenyang]] || August 1946 || August 1949
| [[Dongbei Region|Tongpei]]<br>(Northeast) ||{{lang|zh-hans|东北区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|東北區}} || [[Songjiang (province)|Songjiang]], [[Jilin]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Liaodong]], [[Liaoxi]], [[Rehe (province)|Rehe]], [[Lüshun]]-[[Dalian]], [[Shenyang]], [[Benxi]], [[Anshan]], and [[Fushun]] || [[Gao Gang]] || [[Gao Gang]] || [[Shenyang]] || August 1946 || 27 August 1949 || 19 June 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Huadong Area]] (East China) ||華東區|| [[Jiangsu]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Anhui]], [[Fujian]], [[Shandong]], [[Shanghai]], and [[Nanjing]] || [[Rao Shushi]] || [[Rao Shushi]] ||[[Shanghai]] || January 1950 ||
| [[Huadong Region|Hwatung]]<br>(East China) ||{{lang|zh-hans|华东区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|華東區}} || [[Jiangsu]], [[Zhejiang]], [[Anhui]], [[Fujian]], ''[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan]]'', [[Shandong]], [[Shanghai]], and [[Nanjing]] || [[Rao Shushi]] || [[Rao Shushi]] ||[[Shanghai]] || January 1950 || || 29 August 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Zhongnan Area]] (Central and South) ||中南區|| [[Hubei]], [[Hunan]], [[Henan]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], and [[Hankou District|Hankou]] || [[Lin Biao]] || [[Lin Biao]] || [[Hankou District|Hankou]] || February 1950 ||
| [[Zhongnan Region|Chungnan]]<br>(Central and South) || {{lang|zh-hans|中南区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|中南區}} || [[Hubei]], [[Hunan]], [[Henan]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Guangdong]], [[Guangxi]], and [[Hankou District|Hankou]] || [[Lin Biao]] || [[Lin Biao]] || [[Hankou]] || February 1950 || || 19 June 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Xibei Area]] (Northwest) ||西北區|| [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], [[Xinjiang]], and [[Xi'an]] || [[Peng Dehuai]] || [[Peng Dehuai]] || [[Xi'an]] || January 1950 ||
| [[Xibei Region|Hsipei]]<br>(Northwest) ||{{lang|zh-hans|西北区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|西北區}} || [[Shaanxi]], [[Gansu]], [[Ningxia]], [[Qinghai]], [[Xinjiang]], and [[Xi'an]] || [[Peng Dehuai]] || [[Peng Dehuai]] || [[Xi'an]] || January 1950 || || 10 December 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| [[Xinan Area]] (Southwest) ||西南區|| [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], [[Yunnan]], [[Xikang]], and [[Chongqing]] || [[Deng Xiaoping]] || [[Liu Bocheng]] || [[Chongqing]] || February 1950 ||
| [[Xinan Region|Hsinan]]<br>(Southwest) ||{{lang|zh-hans|西南区}}<br />{{lang|zh-hant|西南區}} || [[Sichuan]], [[Guizhou]], [[Yunnan]], [[Xikang]], and [[Chongqing]] || [[Deng Xiaoping]] || [[Liu Bocheng]] || [[Chongqing]] || February 1950 || || 1 November 1954
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|}
|}


==History==
== History ==
The highest officials of the greater administrative areas were known as [[chairmen]] (主席). (From this historical origin derives the term still used today for the top officials of China's [[autonomous region]]s.)
The highest officials of the greater administrative regions were known as [[chairperson|chairmen]] ({{zh|c=主席|hp=zhǔxí|labels=no}}). (From this historical origin derives the term still used today for the top officials of China's [[autonomous regions of China|autonomous regions]].)


North China Area was the first to be abandoned on October 31, 1949 when New China's capital was established in [[Beijing]]. The provinces it governed were thenceforth directly controlled by the North China Branch (事務部) of the [[Government Administration Council]] of the [[Central People's Government]] instead. In May 1952, control was again transferred, this time to the North China Administrative Council (行政委員會) of the [[Government Administration Council]].
The North China Region was the first to be abandoned on October 31, 1949, given the People's Republic by now had been established with [[Beijing]] as capital city. The provinces it governed were thenceforth directly controlled by the North China Branch ({{zh|s=华北事务部|t=華北事務部|hp=Huáběi Shìwù Bù|labels=no}}) of the [[Government Administration Council]] of the [[Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)|Central People's Government]] instead. In May 1952, control was again transferred, this time to the North China Administrative Council ({{zh|s=华北行政委员会|t=華北行政委員會|hp=Huáběi Xíngzhèng Wěiyuánhuì|labels=no}}) of the [[Government Administration Council]].


Several other large-scale entities governed parts of China's territory during this time and were equivalent to greater administrative areas:
Several other large-scale entities governed parts of China's territory during this time and were equivalent to greater administrative regions:
* '''[[Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]]'''
* '''Local [[Xizang]] Government (Tibet Region)''' - (西藏地方政府)
* The '''Executive Committee of Qiongyai Minority Nationality Autonomous Region''' - (瓊崖少數民族自治區行政委員會) from 1949, later assigned to Central and South China Area; the predecessor of [[Hainan]]


* '''[[Inner Mongolia|Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]]'''
Except the Northeast, which was governed by a [[Central People's Government|People's Government]], the
* '''Local Government of [[Tibet Area (administrative division)|Tibet]]''' ({{zh|s=西藏地方政府|t=西藏地方政府|w=Hsi-tsang Ti-fang Chêng-fu|hp=Xīzàng Dìfāng Zhèngfǔ|labels=no}}) ''i.e.'' ([[Kashag]])
areas' highest government bodies were [[Military and Administrative Committee]]s (軍政委員會), which were replaced by [[administrative councils]] in November 1952.
* The '''Executive Committee of Qiongyai Minority Nationality Autonomous Region''' ({{zh|s=琼崖少数民族自治区行政委员会|t=瓊崖少數民族自治區行政委員會|hp=Qióngyá Shǎoshù Mínzú Zìzhìqū Xíngzhèng Wěiyuánhuì|labels=no}}) from 1949, later assigned to Central and South China region; the predecessor of [[Hainan]]


Except the Northeast, which was governed by a [[Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China (1949–54)|People's Government]], the regions' highest government bodies were [[Military and Administrative Committee]]s ({{zh|s=军政委员会|t=軍政委員會|hp=jūnzhèng wěiyuánhuì|labels=no}}), which were replaced by [[administrative council]]s in November 1952.
Several domains in China today retain the same structure of geographic divisions as the GAAs. [[Military district|Military administrative regions]], the divisions of some major [[bank]]s, and [[civilian aviation]] districts are still divided in the same form as the greater administrative areas.

Several domains in China today retain the same structure of geographic divisions as the GAAs. [[Military district|Military administrative regions]], the divisions of some major [[bank]]s, and [[civil aviation]] districts are still divided in the same form as the greater administrative regions.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[History of the political divisions of China]]
* [[History of the administrative divisions of China (disambiguation)|History of the administrative divisions of China]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Greater Administrative Region}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Greater Administrative Area}}
[[Category:Administrative divisions of China]]
[[Category:Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Federalism in China]]

Latest revision as of 10:12, 15 May 2024

Greater administrative areas of China (with 1952-1953 provincial borders)

Greater administrative regions or greater administrative areas (simplified Chinese: 大行政区; traditional Chinese: 大行政區; pinyin: Dà Xíngzhèng Qū) were top-level administrative divisions of the Communist-held Liberated Zone in Northern China and later the nascent People's Republic of China that directly governed provinces and municipalities. These were the largest-ever political divisions of China and were controlled by the Central People's Government. They were dissolved between June and November 1954.

List

[edit]

The greater administrative regions originated from the districts governed by governors-general (simplified Chinese: 总督辖区; traditional Chinese: 總督轄區; pinyin: Zǒngdū Xiáqū) established during the late Qing dynasty. The six greater administrative regions were:

Region Chinese
Simplified
Traditional
Initial subdivisions 1st secretary 1st chairman Capital Creation People's gov't creation Abolished
Hwapei
(North China)
华北区
華北區
Hebei, Shanxi, Chahar, Pingyuan, Suiyuan, Beijing, and Tianjin Liu Shaoqi Dong Biwu Beijing 9 May 1948 26 September 1948 7 August 1954
Tongpei
(Northeast)
东北区
東北區
Songjiang, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaodong, Liaoxi, Rehe, Lüshun-Dalian, Shenyang, Benxi, Anshan, and Fushun Gao Gang Gao Gang Shenyang August 1946 27 August 1949 19 June 1954
Hwatung
(East China)
华东区
華東區
Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Taiwan, Shandong, Shanghai, and Nanjing Rao Shushi Rao Shushi Shanghai January 1950 29 August 1954
Chungnan
(Central and South)
中南区
中南區
Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hankou Lin Biao Lin Biao Hankou February 1950 19 June 1954
Hsipei
(Northwest)
西北区
西北區
Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Xi'an Peng Dehuai Peng Dehuai Xi'an January 1950 10 December 1954
Hsinan
(Southwest)
西南区
西南區
Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xikang, and Chongqing Deng Xiaoping Liu Bocheng Chongqing February 1950 1 November 1954

History

[edit]

The highest officials of the greater administrative regions were known as chairmen (主席; zhǔxí). (From this historical origin derives the term still used today for the top officials of China's autonomous regions.)

The North China Region was the first to be abandoned on October 31, 1949, given the People's Republic by now had been established with Beijing as capital city. The provinces it governed were thenceforth directly controlled by the North China Branch (华北事务部; 華北事務部; Huáběi Shìwù Bù) of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government instead. In May 1952, control was again transferred, this time to the North China Administrative Council (华北行政委员会; 華北行政委員會; Huáběi Xíngzhèng Wěiyuánhuì) of the Government Administration Council.

Several other large-scale entities governed parts of China's territory during this time and were equivalent to greater administrative regions:

  • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
  • Local Government of Tibet (西藏地方政府; Xīzàng Dìfāng Zhèngfǔ; Hsi-tsang Ti-fang Chêng-fu) i.e. (Kashag)
  • The Executive Committee of Qiongyai Minority Nationality Autonomous Region (琼崖少数民族自治区行政委员会; 瓊崖少數民族自治區行政委員會; Qióngyá Shǎoshù Mínzú Zìzhìqū Xíngzhèng Wěiyuánhuì) from 1949, later assigned to Central and South China region; the predecessor of Hainan

Except the Northeast, which was governed by a People's Government, the regions' highest government bodies were Military and Administrative Committees (军政委员会; 軍政委員會; jūnzhèng wěiyuánhuì), which were replaced by administrative councils in November 1952.

Several domains in China today retain the same structure of geographic divisions as the GAAs. Military administrative regions, the divisions of some major banks, and civil aviation districts are still divided in the same form as the greater administrative regions.

See also

[edit]