SMSS J031300.36−670839.3: Difference between revisions

SMSS J031300.36−670839.3
	; NASA/STScI
Observation data; Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Hydrus
Right ascension	03h 13m 00.36s
Declination	−67° 08′ 39.3″
Apparent magnitude (V)	14.7
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	red giant
Astrometry
Distance	6000 ly ; (1800 pc)
Details
Surface gravity (log g)	2.3 cgs
Temperature	5,125 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	≤ −7.1 (<3D>,nLTE) dex
Age	13.6 Gyr
Other designations
	SMSS J0313-6708, SMSS 0313−6708, SMSS J031300.36−670839.3
Database references
SIMBAD	data

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SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 (shortened as SMSS J0313−6708;^[2] informally abbreviated to SM0313^[3]) is a star in the Milky Way at a distance of 6,000 ly (1,800 pc) from Earth. With an age of approximately 13.6 billion years,^[4] it is one of the oldest stars known. Another star, HD 140283, was considered to be older, but there is uncertainty in values of its age. This makes SM0313 the oldest known star with an accurate determination of its age.^[5]^[6]^[7] The star formed only about 100 million years after the Big Bang and has been shining for 13.6 billion years. The star's very low upper limit of iron of less than one ten-millionth the iron level of the Sun,^[8] suggests that it is one of the first Population II stars, formed from a gas cloud enriched by some of the first (Population III) stars.^[6] SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 also has a much higher carbon supply compared to iron, more than a thousand times greater.^[6] Apart from hydrogen, which appeared in the Big Bang, the star also contains carbon, magnesium, and calcium, which could have been formed in a low-energy supernova.^[8] Methylidyne (CH) is also detected by its absorption line. No oxygen or nitrogen has been detected.^[1] The star is a K-class red giant.^[5]

The star was discovered by a team led by Australian National University astronomers.^[7] The discovery was reported in Nature on 9 February 2014^[1] and indicates that the supernovae of the population III stars may not have been as powerful as previously thought.^[6]

The discovery was made possible by the SkyMapper,^[7] a fully automated optical telescope at Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, New South Wales, Australia.^[8]

Elemental abundance compared to Sun^[1]
Elements	[M/H]
Lithium	0.7
Carbon	−2.6
Magnesium	−3.8
Calcium	−7

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Keller, S. C.; Bessell, M. S.; Frebel, A.; Casey, A. R.; Asplund, M.; Jacobson, H. R.; Lind, K.; Norris, J. E.; Yong, D.; Heger, A.; Magic, Z.; Da Costa, G. S.; Schmidt, B. P.; Tisserand, P. (2014). "A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3". Nature. 506 (7489): 463–466. arXiv:1402.1517. Bibcode:2014Natur.506..463K. doi:10.1038/nature12990. PMID 24509711. S2CID 4457295.
^ ^a ^b The Kavli Foundation (24 September 2014). "Most metal-poor star hints at universe's first supernovae". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
^ Kooser, A. (10 February 2014). "Astronomers track down oldest known star in the universe". CNET. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ Nicholson, L. (10 February 2014). "New star found by ANU researchers may lead to universal truth". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ ^a ^b Gary, S. (12 February 2014). "Oldest known star reveals early Universe". StarStuff. ABC Science. Retrieved 2014-03-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Researchers identify one of the earliest stars in the universe". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brainard, C. (10 February 2014). "The Archaeology of the Stars". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ ^a ^b ^c Keller, S. (10 February 2014). "The oldest star discovery tells much about the early universe". The Conversation Media Group. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

[nature-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Keller, S. C.; Bessell, M. S.; Frebel, A.; Casey, A. R.; Asplund, M.; Jacobson, H. R.; Lind, K.; Norris, J. E.; Yong, D.; Heger, A.; Magic, Z.; Da Costa, G. S.; Schmidt, B. P.; Tisserand, P. (2014). "A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3". Nature. 506 (7489): 463–466. arXiv:1402.1517. Bibcode:2014Natur.506..463K. doi:10.1038/nature12990. PMID 24509711. S2CID 4457295.

[ScienceDaily-2014-09-24-2] The Kavli Foundation (24 September 2014). "Most metal-poor star hints at universe's first supernovae". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2015-06-19.

[CNET-2014-02-10-3] Kooser, A. (10 February 2014). "Astronomers track down oldest known star in the universe". CNET. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

[4] Nicholson, L. (10 February 2014). "New star found by ANU researchers may lead to universal truth". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

[starstuff-5] Gary, S. (12 February 2014). "Oldest known star reveals early Universe". StarStuff. ABC Science. Retrieved 2014-03-01.

[mit-6] "Researchers identify one of the earliest stars in the universe". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 2014-02-09.

[NYT-20140210-7] Brainard, C. (10 February 2014). "The Archaeology of the Stars". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

[kel-8] Keller, S. (10 February 2014). "The oldest star discovery tells much about the early universe". The Conversation Media Group. Retrieved 2014-02-10.

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[2]

[3]

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@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 {{Starbox character
 | type  = red giant<ref name="nature"/>
-| class = M0V or G9III<ref name="starstuff"/>
+| class =
 }}
 {{Starbox astrometry
@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 | gravity                = 2.3<ref name="nature"/>
 | luminosity             =
-| temperature            = 5,125 or 3,990 (from Spectral Type)<ref name="nature"/>
+| temperature            = 5,125<ref name="nature"/>
 | metal                  = <!--Metallicity (no units provided by template)-->
 | metal_fe               = ≤ −7.1 (<3D>,nLTE)<ref name="nature"/>
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 {{Starbox end}}
-'''SMSS J031300.36−670839.3''' (shortened as '''SMSS J0313−6708''';<ref name=ScienceDaily-2014-09-24/> informally abbreviated to '''SM0313'''<ref name=CNET-2014-02-10>{{cite web |last=Kooser |first=A. |date=10 February 2014 |title=Astronomers track down oldest known star in the universe |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57618634-1/astronomers-track-down-oldest-known-star-in-the-universe/ |website=[[CNET]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref>) is a star in the [[Milky Way]] at a distance of {{convert|6000|ly|pc|abbr=on}} from Earth. With an age of approximately 13.6 billion years,<ref>{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=L. |date=10 February 2014 |title=New star found by ANU researchers may lead to universal truth |url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/new-star-found-by-anu-reserchers-may-lead-to-universal-truth-20140209-32ae2.html |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> it is one of the [[List of oldest stars|oldest star]]s known. Another star, [[HD 140283]], is considered to be older, but there is uncertainty in values of its age. This makes SM0313 the oldest known star with an accurate determination of its age.<ref name="starstuff">{{cite web |last=Gary |first=S. |date=12 February 2014 |title=Oldest known star reveals early Universe |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/audio/2014/02/12/3942556.htm |work=StarStuff  |publisher=ABC Science |access-date=2014-03-01}}</ref><ref name="mit">{{cite web |date=9 February 2014 |title=Researchers identify one of the earliest stars in the universe |url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2014/researchers-identify-one-of-the-earliest-stars-in-the-universe-0209.html |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140210">{{cite news |last=Brainard |first=C. |date=10 February 2014 |title=The Archaeology of the Stars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/11/science/space/the-archaeology-of-the-stars.html |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> The star formed only about 100 million years after the [[Big Bang]] and has been shining for 13.6 billion years. The star's very low upper limit of [[iron]] of less than one ten-millionth the iron level of the Sun,<ref name=kel/> suggests that it is one of the first [[Metallicity#Stars|Population II stars]], formed from a [[Molecular cloud|gas cloud]] enriched by some of the first ([[Population III]]) stars.<ref name="mit"/> SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 also has a much higher [[carbon]] supply compared to iron, more than a thousand times greater.<ref name="mit"/> Apart from [[hydrogen]], which appeared in the [[Big Bang]], the star also contains carbon, [[magnesium]], and [[calcium]], which could have been formed in a low-energy [[supernova]].<ref name=kel/> [[Methylidyne]] (CH) is also detected by its [[Spectral line|absorption line]]. No [[oxygen]] or [[nitrogen]] has been detected.<ref name="nature"/> The star is a [[Stellar classification#Class K|K-class]] red giant.<ref name="starstuff"/>
+'''SMSS J031300.36−670839.3''' (shortened as '''SMSS J0313−6708''';<ref name=ScienceDaily-2014-09-24/> informally abbreviated to '''SM0313'''<ref name=CNET-2014-02-10>{{cite web |last=Kooser |first=A. |date=10 February 2014 |title=Astronomers track down oldest known star in the universe |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57618634-1/astronomers-track-down-oldest-known-star-in-the-universe/ |website=[[CNET]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref>) is a star in the [[Milky Way]] at a distance of {{convert|6000|ly|pc|abbr=on}} from Earth. With an age of approximately 13.6 billion years,<ref>{{cite web |last=Nicholson |first=L. |date=10 February 2014 |title=New star found by ANU researchers may lead to universal truth |url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/new-star-found-by-anu-reserchers-may-lead-to-universal-truth-20140209-32ae2.html |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> it is one of the [[List of oldest stars|oldest star]]s known. Another star, [[HD 140283]], was considered to be older, but there is uncertainty in values of its age. This makes SM0313 the oldest known star with an accurate determination of its age.<ref name="starstuff">{{cite web |last=Gary |first=S. |date=12 February 2014 |title=Oldest known star reveals early Universe |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/audio/2014/02/12/3942556.htm |work=StarStuff  |publisher=ABC Science |access-date=2014-03-01}}</ref><ref name="mit">{{cite web |date=9 February 2014 |title=Researchers identify one of the earliest stars in the universe |url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2014/researchers-identify-one-of-the-earliest-stars-in-the-universe-0209.html |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |access-date=2014-02-09}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20140210">{{cite news |last=Brainard |first=C. |date=10 February 2014 |title=The Archaeology of the Stars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/11/science/space/the-archaeology-of-the-stars.html |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> The star formed only about 100 million years after the [[Big Bang]] and has been shining for 13.6 billion years. The star's very low upper limit of [[iron]] of less than one ten-millionth the iron level of the Sun,<ref name=kel/> suggests that it is one of the first [[Population II]] stars, formed from a [[Molecular cloud|gas cloud]] enriched by some of the first ([[Population III]]) stars.<ref name="mit"/> SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 also has a much higher [[carbon]] supply compared to iron, more than a thousand times greater.<ref name="mit"/> Apart from [[hydrogen]], which appeared in the [[Big Bang]], the star also contains carbon, [[magnesium]], and [[calcium]], which could have been formed in a low-energy [[supernova]].<ref name=kel/> [[Methylidyne]] (CH) is also detected by its [[Spectral line|absorption line]]. No [[oxygen]] or [[nitrogen]] has been detected.<ref name="nature"/> The star is a [[Stellar classification#Class K|K-class]] red giant.<ref name="starstuff"/>
-The star was discovered by a team led by [[Australian National University]] astronomers.<ref name="NYT-20140210" /> The discovery was reported in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' on 9 February 2014<ref name="nature">{{cite journal |last1=Keller |first1=S. C. |last2=Bessell |first2=M. S. |last3=Frebel |first3=A. |last4=Casey |first4=A. R. |last5=Asplund |first5=M. |last6=Jacobson |first6=H. R. |last7=Lind |first7=K. |last8=Norris |first8=J. E. |last9=Yong |first9=D. |last10=Heger |first10=A. |last11=Magic |first11=Z. |last12=Da Costa |first12=G. S. |last13=Schmidt |first13=B. P. |last14=Tisserand |first14=P. |year=2014 |title=A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |arxiv=1402.1517 |bibcode= 2014Natur.506..463K |doi=10.1038/nature12990 |volume=506 |issue=7489 |pages=463–466 |pmid=24509711}}</ref> and indicates that the supernovae of the [[Metallicity#Stars|first-generation of stars]] may not have been as powerful as previously thought.<ref name="mit"/>
+The star was discovered by a team led by [[Australian National University]] astronomers.<ref name="NYT-20140210" /> The discovery was reported in ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' on 9 February 2014<ref name="nature">{{cite journal |last1=Keller |first1=S. C. |last2=Bessell |first2=M. S. |last3=Frebel |first3=A. |last4=Casey |first4=A. R. |last5=Asplund |first5=M. |last6=Jacobson |first6=H. R. |last7=Lind |first7=K. |author7-link= Karin Lind |last8=Norris |first8=J. E. |last9=Yong |first9=D. |last10=Heger |first10=A. |last11=Magic |first11=Z. |last12=Da Costa |first12=G. S. |last13=Schmidt |first13=B. P. |last14=Tisserand |first14=P. |year=2014 |title=A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J031300.36−670839.3 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |arxiv=1402.1517 |bibcode= 2014Natur.506..463K |doi=10.1038/nature12990 |volume=506 |issue=7489 |pages=463–466 |pmid=24509711|s2cid=4457295 }}</ref> and indicates that the supernovae of the population III stars may not have been as powerful as previously thought.<ref name="mit"/>
 The discovery was made possible by the [[SkyMapper]],<ref name="NYT-20140210" /> a fully automated [[optical telescope]] at [[Siding Spring Observatory]] near [[Coonabarabran]], [[New South Wales]], Australia.<ref name=kel>
-{{cite web |last=Keller |first=S. |date=10 February 2014 |title=The oldest star discovery tells much about the early universe |url=http://theconversation.com/the-oldest-star-discovery-tells-much-about-the-early-universe-22944 |publisher=The Conversation Media Group |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> SkyMapper was built to replace the [[Great Melbourne Telescope]] at [[Mount Stromlo]] after that telescope was burnt in the [[2003 Canberra bushfires]] and the telescope has been destroyed in the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]], which the earthquake is caused 87,351 deaths and 75,266 injuries.<ref name="abc">
+{{cite web |last=Keller |first=S. |date=10 February 2014 |title=The oldest star discovery tells much about the early universe |url=http://theconversation.com/the-oldest-star-discovery-tells-much-about-the-early-universe-22944 |publisher=The Conversation Media Group |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref>
-{{cite news
- |last=Miller |first=B.
- |date=25 May 2009
- |title=SkyMapper telescope to explore southern sky
- |url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2580372.htm
- |work=ABC PM
- |access-date=2012-04-17
-}}</ref> Its purpose was to do whole-sky surveys.
 {|class="wikitable"
@@ Line 102: / Line 94: @@
 {{Reflist}}
+{{2014 in space}}
 {{Hydrus}}
 {{Portal bar|Astronomy|Space}}
@@ Line 109: / Line 102: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:SMSS J031300.36-670839.3}}
 [[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2014|20140209]]
+[[Category:Hydrus]]
 [[Category:Population II stars]]
-[[Category:Hydrus (constellation)]]

Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
NASA/STScI
Constellation	Hydrus
Right ascension	03^h 13^m 00.36^s^[1]
Declination	−67° 08′ 39.3″^[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	14.7^[1]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	red giant^[1]
Astrometry

Distance	6000 ly (1800 pc)

Details

Surface gravity (log g)	2.3^[1] cgs
Temperature	5,125^[1] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	≤ −7.1 (<3D>,nLTE)^[1] dex
Age	13.6 Gyr

Other designations
SMSS J0313-6708,^[2] SMSS 0313−6708, SMSS J031300.36−670839.3
Database references
SIMBAD	data

v t e 2014 in space
« 2013 2015 »
Space probe launches	Chang'e 5-T1 (mission to the Moon; Oct 2014) Hayabusa2 / PROCYON (asteroid sample-return mission; Dec 2014)
Impact events	2014 AA 2014 Ontario fireball
Selected NEOs	Asteroid close approaches 2000 EM26 (163132) 2002 CU11 (388188) 2006 DP14 2007 VK184 (410777) 2009 FD 2009 RR (529366) 2009 WM1 2014 AF5 2014 DX110 2014 EC 2014 HQ124 2014 LY21 2014 OO6 2014 OL339 2014 RC 2014 SC324 2014 XL7
Exoplanets	51 Eridani b rotation of Beta Pictoris b Gliese 15 Ab Gliese 180 c Gliese 682 c Gliese 832 c GU Piscium b HIP 116454 b Kapteyn b Kepler-93b Kepler-186f Kepler-296 e f Kepler-298d Kepler-419 b c Kepler-421b WASP-104b
Discoveries	SMSS J0313−6708 Rings of Chariklo 2012 VP113 (announced) (532037) 2013 FY27 (announced) 486958 Arrokoth (2014 MU₆₉) ULAS J0015+01 Laniakea Supercluster
Novae	SN 2014J iPTF14hls
Comets	C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) C/2014 E2 (Jacques) C/2013 UQ₄ (Catalina) C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS) C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden) C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) C/2014 Q3 (Borisov) C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) 15P/Finlay
Space exploration	Kepler K2 mission extension (May) Rosetta/Philae (orbits/landing 67P; Aug/Nov) MAVEN (Mars orbit insertion; Sep) Mars Orbiter Mission (Mars orbit insertion; Sep) Dawn (approaches Ceres; Sep 2014 / Mar 2015) Venus Express (Venus mission ends; Dec)
Outer space portal Category:2013 in outer space — Category:2014 in outer space — Category:2015 in outer space

Latest revision as of 16:31, 15 May 2024

See also

References