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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{taxobox
{{speciesbox
| image = Frutos_del_níspero_criollo.jpg
| image = Frutos del níspero criollo.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| genus = Manilkara
⚫
| species = huberi
| unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
⚫
| authority = ([[Adolpho Ducke|Ducke]]) [[Auguste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| synonyms = ''Mimusops huberi'' <small>Ducke</small>
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO>{{cite web |url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:152609-2 |title= Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=April 8, 2023}}</ref><ref name=COL>{{cite web |url= https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3XVCF |title= Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=n.d. |website=Catalogue of Life |publisher=Species 2000 |access-date=April 8, 2022}}</ref>
| ordo = [[Ericales]]
| familia = [[Sapotaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Manilkara]]''
⚫
| species = '''''M. huberi'''''
| binomial = ''Manilkara huberi''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Adolpho Ducke|Ducke]]) [[Auguste Chevalier|A.Chev.]]
}}
}}


'''''Manilkara huberi''''' also known as '''masaranduba''', '''níspero''', and '''sapotilla''' is a fruit bearing plant of the genus ''[[Manilkara]]'' belonging to the [[Sapotaceae]] family.
'''''Manilkara huberi''''', also known as '''masaranduba''', '''níspero''', and '''sapotilla''', is a fruit bearing plant of the genus ''[[Manilkara]]'' of the family [[Sapotaceae]].


==Geographical distribution==
==Geographical distribution==
''M. huberi'' is native to large portions of [[South America]], [[Central America]] and the [[Antilles]], at elevations below {{convert|800|m|ft}} above sea level.
''Manilkara huberi'' is native to large parts of northern South America, Central America and the [[Antilles]], at elevations below {{convert|800|m|ft}} above sea level.


==Description==
==Description==
''M. huberi'' is a large tree, reaching heights of {{convert|30|-|55|m|ft}}. The leaves are oblong, approximately {{convert|1|-|2|dm|in}} in length, with yellow undersides.<ref>
''Manilkara huberi'' is a large tree, reaching heights of {{convert|30|-|55|m|ft}}. The leaves are oblong, approximately {{convert|1|-|2|dm|in}} in length, with yellow undersides.<ref>
{{cite web
{{cite web
|url=http://dendro.cnptia.embrapa.br/Agencia1/AG01/arvore/AG01_71_309200411814.html
|url=http://dendro.cnptia.embrapa.br/Agencia1/AG01/arvore/AG01_71_309200411814.html
|title=Características essenciais das folhas de Manilkara huberi
|title=Características essenciais das folhas de Manilkara huberi
|trans_title=Essential characteristics of the leaves of ''M. huberi''
|trans-title=Essential characteristics of the leaves of ''M. huberi''
|work=Espécies Abóreas da Amazônia
|work=Espécies Abóreas da Amazônia
|publisher=Agência de Informação Embrapa
|publisher=Agência de Informação Embrapa
Line 38: Line 34:


==Uses==
==Uses==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}
The fruit of the ''M. huberi'' is similar to the [[sapodilla]] and is edible, with excellent flavor popular for use in [[dessert]]s.
The fruit of the ''M. huberi'' is similar to the [[sapodilla]] and is edible, with excellent flavor and is popular for use in [[dessert]]s. Etymologically speaking, "Sapodilla" derives from the [[Nahuatl]] word "tzapotl" which refers to any sweet fruit with a soft flesh. Hence many species of ''Manilkara'' may be colloquially called "sapote" or "sapodilla" and indeed a number of unrelated fruit trees such as ''Pouteria sapota''.


''M. huberi'' produces an edible [[latex]] that can be harvested in a manner similar to the harvesting of the latex of the [[rubber tree]] (''[[Hevea brasiliensis]]''). The latex dries to an inelastic rubber, which is considered inferior to [[gutta-percha]].
''M. huberi'' produces an edible [[latex]] called ''[[Chicle]]'' that can be harvested in a manner similar to the harvesting of the latex of the [[rubber tree]] (''[[Hevea brasiliensis]]''). The latex dries to an inelastic rubber, which is considered inferior to [[gutta-percha]].


The latex from ''M. huberi'' is sometimes used to make [[golf ball]] covers. It is considered a good, but short-lived, cover, requiring frequent recoating, yet it is popular in tournaments.
The latex from ''M. huberi'' was used to make [[golf ball]] covers, along with that the better known and more widespread ''M. bidentata'' ("Balata" or "Massaranduba.") Latex products from a number of ''Manilkara'' species being interchangeably called "balata", "Gutta Balata", or more generally "Chicle." It was considered a good quality, but short-lived, cover, requiring frequent recoating or replacement. Balls with Balata coatings had a high spin rate. Yet it was popular in tournaments among professionals and low handicap players. Modern materials such as [[Polyurethane urea elastomer|Polyurethane Elastomer]] and [[Methacrylic acid|Methacrylic Acid]] copolymers have made Balata golf balls largely obsolete by the late 20th century, as they have much better abrasion resistance and generally lower air drag.


The tree is also used for [[lumber]] in [[Puerto Rico]]. The wood is red and very hard, and is popular for use in furntiture making, construction, and railway ties. The wood is so dens that it does not float in water,{{cn|date=July 2012}} and requires pre-drilling before nailing. The [[specific gravity]] of ''M. huberi'' wood is between 0.85 and 0.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
The tree is also used for [[lumber]] in [[Puerto Rico]]. The wood is red and very hard, and is popular for use in furniture making, construction, and railway ties. The wood is so dense to the point that it may not float in water,{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} and requires pre-drilling before nailing. The [[specific gravity]] of ''M. huberi'' wood is between 0.85 and 0.95 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.


==Synonyms==
==Synonyms==
Line 61: Line 58:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1757926}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite web
|publisher=[[Agricultural Research Service]]
|work=Germplasm Resources Information Network
|title=''Manilkara huberi''
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?102658
|accessdate=23 July 2012
}}


[[Category:Manilkara|huberi]]
[[Category:Manilkara|huberi]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1833]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1833]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Adolpho Ducke]]

Latest revision as of 07:31, 16 May 2024

Manilkara huberi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Genus: Manilkara
Species:
M. huberi
Binomial name
Manilkara huberi
Synonyms[1][2]

Mimusops huberi Ducke

Manilkara huberi, also known as masaranduba, níspero, and sapotilla, is a fruit bearing plant of the genus Manilkara of the family Sapotaceae.

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Manilkara huberi is native to large parts of northern South America, Central America and the Antilles, at elevations below 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level.

Description

[edit]

Manilkara huberi is a large tree, reaching heights of 30–55 metres (98–180 ft). The leaves are oblong, approximately 1–2 decimetres (3.9–7.9 in) in length, with yellow undersides.[3] The flowers are hermaphroditic; white with 3 sepals. The edible fruit is yellow and ovoid,[4] 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter, containing one seed (or occasionally two).

Uses

[edit]

The fruit of the M. huberi is similar to the sapodilla and is edible, with excellent flavor and is popular for use in desserts. Etymologically speaking, "Sapodilla" derives from the Nahuatl word "tzapotl" which refers to any sweet fruit with a soft flesh. Hence many species of Manilkara may be colloquially called "sapote" or "sapodilla" and indeed a number of unrelated fruit trees such as Pouteria sapota.

M. huberi produces an edible latex called Chicle that can be harvested in a manner similar to the harvesting of the latex of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). The latex dries to an inelastic rubber, which is considered inferior to gutta-percha.

The latex from M. huberi was used to make golf ball covers, along with that the better known and more widespread M. bidentata ("Balata" or "Massaranduba.") Latex products from a number of Manilkara species being interchangeably called "balata", "Gutta Balata", or more generally "Chicle." It was considered a good quality, but short-lived, cover, requiring frequent recoating or replacement. Balls with Balata coatings had a high spin rate. Yet it was popular in tournaments among professionals and low handicap players. Modern materials such as Polyurethane Elastomer and Methacrylic Acid copolymers have made Balata golf balls largely obsolete by the late 20th century, as they have much better abrasion resistance and generally lower air drag.

The tree is also used for lumber in Puerto Rico. The wood is red and very hard, and is popular for use in furniture making, construction, and railway ties. The wood is so dense to the point that it may not float in water,[citation needed] and requires pre-drilling before nailing. The specific gravity of M. huberi wood is between 0.85 and 0.95 g/cm3.

Synonyms

[edit]

Manilkara huberi is also known as:[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  2. ^ "Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Standl". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. n.d. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  3. ^ "Características essenciais das folhas de Manilkara huberi" [Essential characteristics of the leaves of M. huberi]. Espécies Abóreas da Amazônia. Agência de Informação Embrapa. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  4. ^ "Flores de Manilkara huberi". Espécies Abóreas da Amazônia. Agência de Informação Embrapa. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
  5. ^ "Manilkara huberi". Tropicos. Retrieved 23 July 2012.
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