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{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}}
{{distinguish|Melianthaceae}}
{{Distinguish|Melianthaceae}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
⚫
|name = Melanthiaceae
|image =Schoenocaulon_officinale_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-262.jpg
|image =Schoenocaulon_officinale_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-262.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Schoenocaulon]] officinale''
|image_caption = ''[[Schoenocaulon]] officinale''
⚫
|taxon = Melanthiaceae
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
⚫
|authority = [[August Batsch|Batsch]] ex [[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen|Borkh.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Liliales]]
|familia = '''Melanthiaceae'''
⚫
|familia_authority = [[August Batsch|Batsch]] ex [[Moritz Balthasar Borkhausen|Borkh.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-06-26 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = See text
|subdivision = See text
|}}
}}


'''Melanthiaceae''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plants|flowering]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] herbs native to the [[Northern Hemisphere]].<ref name="zomlefer">{{cite journal|
'''Melanthiaceae''', also called the '''bunchflower family''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/family/melanthiaceae/|title = Family: Melanthiaceae (Bunchflower family): Go Botany}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/Plant_Families/Melanthiaceae.htm|title = Melanthiaceae: Bunchflower Family. Identify plants and flowers}}</ref> is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[flowering plant|flowering]] [[herbaceous]] [[perennial plants]] native to the [[Northern Hemisphere]].<ref name="zomlefer">{{cite journal|
last = Zomlefer|
last = Zomlefer|
first = WB|author2=NH Williams |author3=WM Whitten |author4=WS Judd |
first = WB|author2=NH Williams |author3=WM Whitten |author4=WS Judd |
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doi = 10.2307/3558411|
doi = 10.2307/3558411|
jstor = 3558411|
jstor = 3558411|
pmid = 21669700}}</ref> Along with many other [[lilioid monocot]]s, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family [[Liliaceae]], in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of [[Lilium|lilies]],<ref name="zomlefer"/> while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family [[Trilliaceae]]. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the [[APG III system]] of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 [[APG II system]] and the 1998 [[APG system]]), places the family in the order [[Liliales]], in the clade [[monocots]]. [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|Circumscribed]] in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.
pmid = 21669700}}</ref> Along with many other [[lilioid monocot]]s, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family [[Liliaceae]], in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of [[Lilium|lilies]],<ref name="zomlefer"/> while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family [[Trilliaceae]]. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the [[APG III system]] of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 [[APG II system]] and the 1998 [[APG system]]), places the family in the order [[Liliales]], in the clade [[monocots]]. [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|Circumscribed]] in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.


Familiar members of the family include Herb Paris (''[[Paris quadrifolia]]'') and the [[trillium]]s.
Familiar members of the family include the genera ''[[Paris (plant)|Paris]]'' and ''[[Trillium]]''.


[[File:Veratrum californicum habitus1.jpg|thumb|right|Birth defects in sheep grazing on ''[[Veratrum californicum]]'' provided key insights into developmental biology in the 20th century]]
[[File:Veratrum californicum habitus1.jpg|thumb|right|Birth defects in sheep grazing on ''[[Veratrum californicum]]'' provided key insights into developmental biology in the 20th century]]
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== Genera and species ==
== Genera and species ==
{{As of|2013|August}}, the [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]] accepted 17 genera in the family.<ref name="WCSP_Melanthiaceae">Search for "Melanthiaceae", {{Cite web |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ |accessdate=2013-08-27 }}</ref> They have been divided into five tribes. It has a total of ca 173 known species.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. |lastauthoramp=yes | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press }}</ref> Generic assignments within the tribe [[Melanthieae]] in particular have been changed radically as a result of [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic studies]] in the 21st century.<ref name=zomlefer/>
{{As of|2013|August}}, the [[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]] accepted 17 genera in the family.<ref name="WCSP_Melanthiaceae">Search for "Melanthiaceae", {{Cite web |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ |access-date=2013-08-27 }}</ref> They have been divided into five tribes. It has a total of ca 173 known species.<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W. |name-list-style=amp | year = 2016 | title = The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal = Phytotaxa | volume = 261 | pages = 201–217 | url = http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi = 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue = 3 | publisher = Magnolia Press | doi-access = free }}</ref> Generic assignments within the tribe [[Melanthieae]] in particular have been changed radically as a result of [[Molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic studies]] in the 21st century.<ref name=zomlefer/> Some taxonomists have combined the three genera of Heloniadae into one genus (''Helonias'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tanaka |first=N. |title=Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Studies on ''Helonias'', ''Ypsilandra'' and ''Heloniopsis'' III. Taxonomic Revision |date=1998 |journal=Journal of Japanese Botany |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=102–115 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286547838 |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>


;Heloniadeae
;Heloniadeae
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* ''[[Ypsilandra]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Ypsilandra]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
;Chionographideae
;Chionographideae
⚫
* ''[[Chionographis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Chamaelirium]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Chamaelirium]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
⚫
* ''[[Chionographis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
;[[Melanthieae]]
;[[Melanthieae]]
* ''[[Amianthium]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Amianthium]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
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;Xerophylleae
;Xerophylleae
* ''[[Xerophyllum (plant)|Xerophyllum]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
* ''[[Xerophyllum (plant)|Xerophyllum]]'' <small>Michx.</small>
;Parideae
;[[Parideae]]
* ''[[Paris (plant)|Paris]]'' <small>L.</small> (including ''Daiswa'' and ''Kinugasa'')
* ''[[Paris (plant)|Paris]]'' <small>L.</small> (including ''Daiswa'' and ''Kinugasa'')
* ''[[Pseudotrillium]]'' <small>S.B.Farmer</small>
* ''[[Pseudotrillium]]'' <small>S.B.Farmer</small>
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/melanthi.htm Melanthiaceae] [in a very wide sense], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/trilliac.htm Trilliaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 3 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/melanthi.htm Melanthiaceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426090312/https://www.delta-intkey.com/angio/www/melanthi.htm |date=2020-04-26 }} [in a very wide sense], [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/trilliac.htm Trilliaceae] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ The families of flowering plants]: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 3 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}.
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=50362&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser]
* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Melanthiaceae links] and more [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Trilliaceae links] at CSDL, Texas
* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Melanthiaceae links] and more [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Trilliaceae links] at CSDL, Texas


{{Angiosperm families}}
{{commons category|Melanthiaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q157234}}
{{wikispecies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{taxonbar}}


[[Category:Melanthiaceae| ]]
[[Category:Melanthiaceae| ]]

Latest revision as of 09:34, 18 May 2024

Not to be confused with Melianthaceae.

Melanthiaceae
Schoenocaulon officinale
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Melanthiaceae
Batsch ex Borkh.[1]
Genera

See text

Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family,[2][3] is a family of flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere.[4] Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered members of this family to belong to the family Liliaceae, in part because both their sepals and petals closely resemble each other and are often large and showy like those of lilies,[4] while some more recent taxonomists have placed them in a family Trilliaceae. The most authoritative modern treatment, however, the APG III system of 2009 (unchanged from the 2003 APG II system and the 1998 APG system), places the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. Circumscribed in this way, the family includes up to 17 genera.

Familiar members of the family include the genera Paris and Trillium.

Birth defects in sheep grazing on Veratrum californicum provided key insights into developmental biology in the 20th century
Trilliums (here Trillium cernuum) are fairly common woodland spring ephemerals in temperate North America and Asia

Genera and species

[edit]

As of August 2013, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families accepted 17 genera in the family.[5] They have been divided into five tribes. It has a total of ca 173 known species.[6] Generic assignments within the tribe Melanthieae in particular have been changed radically as a result of molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century.[4] Some taxonomists have combined the three genera of Heloniadae into one genus (Helonias).[7]

Heloniadeae
Chionographideae
Melanthieae
Xerophylleae
Parideae

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
  2. ^ "Family: Melanthiaceae (Bunchflower family): Go Botany".
  3. ^ "Melanthiaceae: Bunchflower Family. Identify plants and flowers".
  4. ^ a b c Zomlefer, WB; NH Williams; WM Whitten; WS Judd (2001). "Generic circumscriptions and relationships in the tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with emphasis on Zigadenus: Evidence from ITS and TRNL-F sequence date". American Journal of Botany. 88 (9). Botanical Society of America: 1657–1669. doi:10.2307/3558411. JSTOR 3558411. PMID 21669700.
  5. ^ Search for "Melanthiaceae", "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2013-08-27.
  6. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  7. ^ Tanaka, N. (1998). "Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Studies on Helonias, Ypsilandra and Heloniopsis III. Taxonomic Revision". Journal of Japanese Botany. 73 (2): 102–115. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
[edit]
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