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| caption = Painite from Myanmar, 2 cm long
| caption = Painite from Myanmar, 2 cm long
| formula = CaZrAl<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)
| formula = CaZrAl<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)
| IMAsymbol = Pai<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warr|first=L.N.|date=2021|title=IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|volume=85|issue=3|pages=291–320|doi=10.1180/mgm.2021.43|bibcode=2021MinM...85..291W|s2cid=235729616|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| molweight =
| molweight =
| strunz = 6.AB.85
| strunz = 6.AB.85
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| fracture =
| fracture =
| tenacity =
| tenacity =
| mohs = 8
| mohs = 7.5 – 8
| luster = Vitreous
| luster = Vitreous
| refractive = n<sub>o</sub> = 1.8159, n<sub>e</sub> = 1.7875<ref name = MM31/>
| refractive = n<sub>o</sub> = 1.8159, n<sub>e</sub> = 1.7875<ref name = MM31/>
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| diaphaneity = Transparent
| diaphaneity = Transparent
| references = <ref name=HB>{{cite book|editor1=Anthony, John W. |editor2=Bideaux, Richard A. |editor3=Bladh, Kenneth W. |editor4=Nichols, Monte C. |title=Handbook of Mineralogy |publisher=Mineralogical Society of America |place=Chantilly, VA, US |url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/painite.pdf |chapter=Paynite |accessdate=December 5, 2011 |isbn=0962209740 |year=2003 |volume=V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates)}}</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Painite.shtml Painite]. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-3063.html Painite]. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref> }}
| references = <ref name=HB>{{cite book|editor1=Anthony, John W. |editor2=Bideaux, Richard A. |editor3=Bladh, Kenneth W. |editor4=Nichols, Monte C. |title=Handbook of Mineralogy |publisher=Mineralogical Society of America |place=Chantilly, VA, US |url=http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/painite.pdf |chapter=Paynite |accessdate=December 5, 2011 |isbn=0962209740 |year=2003 |volume=V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates)}}</ref><ref name=Webmin>[http://webmineral.com/data/Painite.shtml Painite]. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-3063.html Painite]. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref> }}
'''Painite''' is a very rare [[borate mineral]]. It was first found in [[Myanmar]] by British [[mineralogist]] and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as [[ruby]], until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.<ref name=HB/> Due to its rarity, painite can cost in the range of between US$50,000 to $60,000 per [[Carat (mass)|carat]].
'''Painite''' is a very rare [[borate mineral]]. It was first found in [[Myanmar]] by British [[mineralogist]] and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as [[ruby]], until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.<ref name=HB/>


The chemical makeup of painite contains [[calcium]], [[zirconium]], [[boron]], [[aluminium]] and [[oxygen]] (CaZrAl₉O₁₅(BO₃)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of [[chromium]] and [[vanadium]], which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,<ref name = AM89/><ref name=Caltech>[http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/Visible/painite/Index.html Painite history at Caltech]. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref> similar to [[topaz]]. The mineral's rarity is due to the fact that zirconium and boron rarely interact with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally [[hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] in shape, and, until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.<ref>[http://io9.com/5902212/ten-gemstones-that-are-rarer-than-diamond Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond]. io9.com</ref>
The chemical makeup of painite contains [[calcium]], [[zirconium]], [[boron]], [[aluminium]], and [[oxygen]] (CaZrAl<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of [[chromium]] and [[vanadium]], which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,<ref name = AM89/><ref name=Caltech>[http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/Visible/painite/Index.html Painite history at Caltech]. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref> similar to [[topaz]]. The mineral's rarity is due to zirconium and boron rarely interacting with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally [[hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]], but may also be euhedral or [[orthorhombic crystal system|orthorhombic]]. They also may have no crystalline structure, but usually are accompanied by a crystalline structure. Until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.<ref>[http://io9.com/5902212/ten-gemstones-that-are-rarer-than-diamond Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond]. io9.com</ref>


==Discovery and occurrence==
==Discovery and occurrence==

Latest revision as of 12:54, 18 May 2024

Painite
Painite from Myanmar, 2 cm long
General
CategoryBorate minerals
Formula
(repeating unit)		CaZrAl9O15(BO3)
IMA symbolPai[1]
Strunz classification6.AB.85
Dana classification7.5.2.1
Crystal systemHexagonal[2]
Crystal classDipyramidal (6/m)
(same H-M symbol), although earlier reported as hexagonal (6)[3]
Space groupP63/m
Unit cella = 8.72 Å,
c = 8.46 Å; Z = 2
Identification
ColorRed, brownish, orange-red
Crystal habitElongated crystals, pseudo-orthorhombic[4][3]
Mohs scale hardness7.5 – 8
LusterVitreous
StreakRed
DiaphaneityTransparent
Specific gravity4.01
Optical propertiesUniaxial (-)
Refractive indexno = 1.8159, ne = 1.7875[4]
PleochroismRuby-red parallel to [0001]; pale brownish orange or pale red-orange at right angles to [0001]
Melting point2094[ambiguous][citation needed]
SolubilityInsoluble in acids[4]
References[3][5][6]

Painite is a very rare borate mineral. It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as ruby, until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.[3]

The chemical makeup of painite contains calcium, zirconium, boron, aluminium, and oxygen (CaZrAl9O15(BO3)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of chromium and vanadium, which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,[2][7] similar to topaz. The mineral's rarity is due to zirconium and boron rarely interacting with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally hexagonal, but may also be euhedral or orthorhombic. They also may have no crystalline structure, but usually are accompanied by a crystalline structure. Until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.[8]

Discovery and occurrence

[edit]

Extensive exploration in the area surrounding Mogok, which comprises a large part of the extremely small region the mineral is known to exist in, has identified several new painite occurrences that have been vigorously explored[when?] resulting in several thousand new available painite specimens.[7]

  • Striated, euhedral painite crystal (size: 0.9×0.8×0.7 cm)
    Striated, euhedral painite crystal (size: 0.9×0.8×0.7 cm)
  • Corundum var. ruby on a large painite crystal, Mogok, Burma. (size: 3.7×3.1×2.3 cm)
    Corundum var. ruby on a large painite crystal, Mogok, Burma. (size: 3.7×3.1×2.3 cm)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b T Armbruster; N Dobelin; A Peretti; D Gunther; E Reusser; B Grobety (2004). "The crystal structure of painite CaZrB(Al9O18) revisited" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 89 (4): 610–613. Bibcode:2004AmMin..89..610A. doi:10.2138/am-2004-0415. S2CID 53848992. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
  3. ^ a b c d Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (2003). "Paynite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Vol. V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 0962209740. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c Claringbull GF, Hey MH, Payne CJ (1957). "Painite, a New Mineral from Mogok, Burma". Mineralogical Magazine. 31 (236): 420–5. Bibcode:1957MinM...31..420C. doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.236.11.
  5. ^ Painite. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
  6. ^ Painite. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
  7. ^ a b Painite history at Caltech. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
  8. ^ Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond. io9.com
[edit]
  • Media related to Painite at Wikimedia Commons
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