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{{Short description|Ecoregion in South America}}
{{infobox ecoregion
{{infobox ecoregion
| name = Central Andean dry puna
| name = Central Andean dry puna (NT1001)
| image = Laguna Verde en Bolivia.jpg
| image = Laguna Verde en Bolivia.jpg
| image_caption = [[Laguna Verde (Bolivia)|Laguna Verde]], Bolivia
| image_caption = [[Laguna Verde (Bolivia)|Laguna Verde]], Bolivia
|map=Ecoregion NT1001.svg
| ecozone = [[Neotropic]]
|map_caption=Location in central South America
⚫
| biome = [[Montane grasslands and shrublands]]
| biogeographic_realm = [[Neotropical realm|Neotropical]]
⚫
| biome = [[montane grasslands and shrublands]]
| climate =
| climate =
| area= 307430
| conservation = Relatively Stable/Intact
| coordinates = {{coord|21.0000|S|68.0000|W|source:wikidata|display=inline}}
| rivers = [[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]], [[Lauca River]], [[Río Grande de Lipez]],
| rivers = [[Desaguadero River (Bolivia)|Desaguadero River]], [[Lauca River]], [[Río Grande de Lipez]],
| countries = [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]]
| countries = [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Chile]]
| border = [[Sechura Desert]]
| border = [[Sechura Desert]]
| border1 = [[Atacama Desert]]
| border1 = [[Atacama Desert]]
| border2 = [[Chilean matorral]]
| border2 = [[Chilean matorral]]
| border3 = [[Southern Andean steppe]]
| border3 = [[Southern Andean steppe]]
| border4 = [[Central Andean puna]]
| border4 = [[Central Andean puna]]
| border5 = [[Central Andean wet puna]]
| border5 = [[Central Andean wet puna]]
| border6 = [[Bolivian montane dry forests]]
| border6 = [[Bolivian montane dry forests]]
⚫
| conservation = Relatively stable/intact<ref name = wwf>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Central Andean dry puna|id=nt1001}}</ref>
|protected = 15.3
|protected_ref =<ref name = dopa>[https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/61001 Central Andean dry puna]. DOPA Explorer. Retrieved 26 April 2023.</ref>
}}
}}


The '''Central Andean dry puna''' is an [[ecoregion]], in the [[Montane grasslands and shrublands]] [[biome]], located in the [[Andean]] [[High plateau]], in [[South America]]. It is a part of the [[Puna grassland]].
The '''Central Andean dry puna''' (NT1001) is an [[ecoregion]] in the [[montane grasslands and shrublands]] [[biome]], located in the [[Andean]] [[Altiplano]] (high plateau) in South America. It is a part of the [[Puna grassland]].<ref name = wwf/>


==Setting==
==Setting==
This ecoregion occupies the southwestern portion of the [[Altiplano]] and is located east of the [[Atacama Desert]].
This ecoregion occupies the southwestern portion of the Altiplano and is located east of the [[Atacama Desert]].<ref name = wwf/>


[[Salt pan (geology)|Salt Flats]], locally known as ''Salares'', are a characteristic feature of this ecoregion. Among the largest salares are [[Salar de Coipasa|Coipasa]], [[Salar de Uyuni|Uyuni]], [[Salar de Atacama|Atacama]], and [[Salar de Arizaro|Arizaro]]. Other major geographical features are the lakes [[Poopó Lake|Poopó]] and [[Coipasa Lake|Coipasa]], and the many volcanoes that tower over the altiplano, including [[Parinacota Volcano]], [[Nevado Sajama]], [[Tata Sabaya]], [[Ollagüe]], [[Licancabur]], [[Lascar]], [[Aracar]], [[Socompa]] and [[Llullaillaco]]. In addition, numerous and colorful small lakes and ponds dot this region. There are seasonal as well as permanent, and have different degrees of [[salinity]].
[[Salt pan (geology)|Salt flats]], locally known as ''Salares'', are a characteristic feature of this ecoregion. Among the largest salares are [[Salar de Coipasa|Coipasa]], [[Salar de Uyuni|Uyuni]], [[Salar de Atacama|Atacama]], and [[Salar de Arizaro|Arizaro]]. Other major geographical features are the lakes [[Poopó Lake|Poopó]] and [[Coipasa Lake|Coipasa]], and the many volcanoes that tower over the altiplano, including [[Parinacota (volcano)|Parinacota]], [[Nevado Sajama]], [[Tata Sabaya]], [[Ollagüe]], [[Licancabur]], [[Lascar (volcano)|Lascar]], [[Aracar]], [[Socompa]] and [[Llullaillaco]]. In addition, numerous and colorful small lakes and ponds dot this region. There are seasonal as well as permanent, and have different degrees of [[salinity]].<ref name = wwf/>

In December 2023, scientists, for the first time, reported a recently discovered area on the current planet [[Earth]], particularly in the territory of [[Puna de Atacama]], which may be similar to ancient Earth, and the related environment of the [[Earliest known life forms|first life forms on Earth]] - as well as - similar to possibly hospitable conditions on the planet [[Mars]] during earlier Martian times.<ref name="CU-20231206">{{cite news |last=Strain |first=Daniel |title=Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to first life on Earth |url=https://www.colorado.edu/today/2023/12/06/deep-within-inhospitable-desert-window-first-life-earth |date=6 December 2023 |work=[[University of Colorado]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231230225404/https://www.colorado.edu/today/2023/12/06/deep-within-inhospitable-desert-window-first-life-earth |archivedate=30 December 2023 |accessdate=30 December 2023 }}</ref>


==Climate==
==Climate==
This ecoregion has a [[Desert_climate#Cold_desert_climates|cold desert climate]].
This ecoregion has a dry climate ranging from [[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|cold steppe]] to [[Desert climate#Cold desert climates|cold desert]].


==Flora==
==Flora==
⚫
Grasslands are dominated by species of the genera ''[[Stipa]]'' and ''[[Festuca]]''. Typical high Andean [[wetland]]s are the ''Bofedales''. These marshy areas are characterized by the presence of cushion bog vegetation. The [[Yareta]] grows in well-drained soils.<ref name = wwf/>
[[File:Miscanti Lagoon near San Pedro de Atacama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006.jpg|thumb|right||[[Salar de Talar]], Chile]]
⚫
Typical high Andean [[wetland]]s are the ''Bofedales''. These marshy areas are characterized by the presence of cushion bog vegetation. The [[Yareta]] grows in well-drained soils. Grasslands are dominated by species of the genera [[Stipa]] and [[Festuca]].


Central Andean dry puna is home to [[Polylepis]] species, including the [[Polylepis tarapacana]], which is the woody plant that grows at the highest elevations in the world.
Central Andean dry puna is home to ''[[Polylepis]]'' species, including the ''[[Polylepis tarapacana]]'', which is the woody plant that grows at the highest elevations in the world.<ref name = wwf/>

The genera ''[[Menonvillea]], [[Nototriche]], [[Pycnophyllum]]'', and ''[[Werneria]]'' are characteristic of the dry puna.<ref name = wwf/>


==Fauna==
==Fauna==
⚫
[[Camelid]]s, such as [[llama]]s, [[alpaca]]s, & [[vicuña]]s, are found in this ecoregion. Other mammals include the [[cougar]], [[Andean mountain cat]], [[Andean fox]], and the [[Andean hairy armadillo]].<ref name = wwf/>
[[File:Chungara Lake and Volcan Sajama Chile Luca Galuzzi 2006.jpg|right|thumb|[[Chungará Lake]] and [[Nevado Sajama]]]]
⚫
[[Camelid]]s, such as [[llama]]s, [[alpaca]]s, [[vicuña]]s, are found in this ecoregion. Other mammals include the [[cougar]], [[Andean mountain cat]], [[Andean fox]], and the [[Andean hairy armadillo]].


Three of the six [[flamingo]] species inhabit here. They are [[Andean flamingo]], [[James's flamingo]], and [[Chilean flamingo]]. Other remarkable birds are the [[Darwin's rhea]], [[Andean condor]], [[puna tinamou]], [[puna teal]], [[puna ibis]] and the [[Andean goose]].
Three of the [[flamingo]] species inhabit here. They are [[Andean flamingo]], [[James's flamingo]], and [[Chilean flamingo]]. Other remarkable birds are the [[Darwin's rhea]], [[Andean condor]], [[puna tinamou]], [[puna teal]], [[puna ibis]] & the [[Andean goose]].<ref name = wwf/>


==Population and conservation==
==Population and conservation==
15.3% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Those include:<ref name = dopa/>
[[File:Laguna Colorada en Bolivia.jpg|right|thumb||[[Laguna Colorada]], Bolivia]]
{{div col|colwidth=30}}
Animals and plants find refuge in the protected areas of this ecoregion. Those include:
⚫
*[[Lauca National Park]]
⚫
*[[Sajama National Park]]
*[[Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve]]
*[[Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna National Reserve]]
*[[Los Flamencos National Reserve]]
*[[Lauca National Park]]
*[[Olaroz-Cauchari Flora and Fauna Reserve]]
*[[Las Vicuñas National Reserve]]
⚫
*[[Llica National Park]]
*[[Llullaillaco National Park]]
*[[Llullaillaco National Park]]
*[[Los Flamencos National Reserve]]
*[[Nevado Tres Cruces National Park]]
*[[:es:Reserva_provincial_de_Olaroz-Cauchari|Olaroz-Cauchari Flora and Fauna Reserve]]
⚫
*[[Sajama National Park]]
*[[Salar del Huasco National Park]]
*[[Volcan Isluga National Park]]
*[[Yura National Park]]
{{div col end}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
⚫
*{{WWF ecoregion|name=Central Andean dry puna|id=nt1001}}


[[Category:Ecoregions of the Andes]]
[[Category:Central Andean dry puna| ]]
[[Category:Montane grasslands and shrublands]]
[[Category:Montane grasslands and shrublands]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of the Andes]]
[[Category:Tropical Andes]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Argentina]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Argentina]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Chile]]
[[Category:Ecoregions of Chile]]
[[Category:Neotropic ecoregions]]
[[Category:Neotropical ecoregions]]

==External links==
*{{commons-inline||Central Andean dry puna}}

Latest revision as of 18:20, 18 May 2024

Central Andean dry puna (NT1001)
Laguna Verde, Bolivia
Location in central South America
Ecology
RealmNeotropical
Biomemontane grasslands and shrublands
Borders
List
Geography
Area307,430 km2 (118,700 sq mi)
CountriesArgentina, Bolivia, Chile
Coordinates21°00′00″S 68°00′00″W / 21.0000°S 68.0000°W / -21.0000; -68.0000
RiversDesaguadero River, Lauca River, Río Grande de Lipez,
Conservation
Conservation statusRelatively stable/intact[1]
Protected15.3%[2]

The Central Andean dry puna (NT1001) is an ecoregion in the montane grasslands and shrublands biome, located in the Andean Altiplano (high plateau) in South America. It is a part of the Puna grassland.[1]

Setting

[edit]

This ecoregion occupies the southwestern portion of the Altiplano and is located east of the Atacama Desert.[1]

Salt flats, locally known as Salares, are a characteristic feature of this ecoregion. Among the largest salares are Coipasa, Uyuni, Atacama, and Arizaro. Other major geographical features are the lakes Poopó and Coipasa, and the many volcanoes that tower over the altiplano, including Parinacota, Nevado Sajama, Tata Sabaya, Ollagüe, Licancabur, Lascar, Aracar, Socompa and Llullaillaco. In addition, numerous and colorful small lakes and ponds dot this region. There are seasonal as well as permanent, and have different degrees of salinity.[1]

In December 2023, scientists, for the first time, reported a recently discovered area on the current planet Earth, particularly in the territory of Puna de Atacama, which may be similar to ancient Earth, and the related environment of the first life forms on Earth - as well as - similar to possibly hospitable conditions on the planet Mars during earlier Martian times.[3]

Climate

[edit]

This ecoregion has a dry climate ranging from cold steppe to cold desert.

Flora

[edit]

Grasslands are dominated by species of the genera Stipa and Festuca. Typical high Andean wetlands are the Bofedales. These marshy areas are characterized by the presence of cushion bog vegetation. The Yareta grows in well-drained soils.[1]

Central Andean dry puna is home to Polylepis species, including the Polylepis tarapacana, which is the woody plant that grows at the highest elevations in the world.[1]

The genera Menonvillea, Nototriche, Pycnophyllum, and Werneria are characteristic of the dry puna.[1]

Fauna

[edit]

Camelids, such as llamas, alpacas, & vicuñas, are found in this ecoregion. Other mammals include the cougar, Andean mountain cat, Andean fox, and the Andean hairy armadillo.[1]

Three of the flamingo species inhabit here. They are Andean flamingo, James's flamingo, and Chilean flamingo. Other remarkable birds are the Darwin's rhea, Andean condor, puna tinamou, puna teal, puna ibis & the Andean goose.[1]

Population and conservation

[edit]

15.3% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Those include:[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Central Andean dry puna". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  2. ^ a b Central Andean dry puna. DOPA Explorer. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  3. ^ Strain, Daniel (6 December 2023). "Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to first life on Earth". University of Colorado. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
[edit]
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