Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of fungus}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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| image = Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus 481800.jpg |
| image = Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus 481800.jpg |
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| image_width = 234px |
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| regnum = [[Fungi]] |
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| divisio = [[Basidiomycota]] |
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| classis = [[Agaricomycetes]] |
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| ordo = [[Agaricales]] |
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| familia = [[Agaricaceae]] |
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| synonyms = |
| synonyms = |
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{{ mycomorphbox |
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| hymeniumType = gills |
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| capShape = convex |
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| capShape2 = flat |
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| whichGills = free |
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| stipeCharacter = ring |
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| sporePrintColor = white |
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| ecologicalType = |
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| howEdible = unknown |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''''Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus''''' is a species of [[agaric]] fungus. Described as new to science in 2010, it is found in [[California]], where it grows in mixed forest. The [[botanical name|specific epithet]] ''erythrophaeus'' originates from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] words ερυ𝛉ρος ("red" or "bloody") and ϕαιος ("dark"), and refers to the mushroom's characteristic bruising reaction. The species was formerly known under the misapplied name ''Lepiota roseifolia''.<ref name="Vellinga 2010" /> |
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== Description == |
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Its [[Pileus (mycology)|cap]] is 18-60 mm across. Its shape is initially hemispherical, then expanding to be convex or conical, ending up flat, or even slightly concave. It has dark brown scales arranged circularly around the purple to red to brown centre. When touched, the cap turns red-orange, which fades to dark-brown. <ref name="Vellinga 2010" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Michael Wood & Fred |title=California Fungi: Leucocoprinus erythrophaeus |url=http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Leucoagaricus_erythrophaeus.html |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.mykoweb.com}}</ref> |
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The [[Lamella (mycology)|gills]] are free from the [[Stipe (mycology)|stipe]], and often attached to a collar-like structure called a collarium. They are moderately crowded, and yellowish white, turning orange when touched. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Desjardin |first=Dennis E. |title=California Mushrooms: The Comprehensive Identification Guide |last2=Wood |first2=Michael G. |last3=Stevens |first3=Frederick A. |date=2016 |publisher=Timber Press |year=2016 |isbn=9781604696608 |pages=113 |language=en}}</ref> |
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The stipe measures 55–70 x 4–5 mm, and is cylindrical near the top, though it widens at the base, up to 15 mm wide. It is hollow and hairy, and has pale yellow to cream-coloured flesh. It has a white [[Annulus (mycology)|annulus]] with fringed edges that flares upwards or downwards. The flesh of ''Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus'' is white, though orange when cut. <ref name="Vellinga 2010" /> It has a white spore print. <ref name=":0" /> |
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The odour ranges from indistinct to astringent.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vellinga |first=Else C. |date=2010-06-24 |title=Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. Leucoagaricus sect. Piloselli |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mtax/mt/2010/00000112/00000001/art00040 |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=112 |issue=1 |pages=393–444 |doi=10.5248/112.393|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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=== Microscopic features === |
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The [[Basidiospore|basidiospores]] measure 5.9–8.8 x 3.5–4.9 μm, are ellipsoid and have relatively thick walls. They do not have any germ pores. They turn reddish-brown when mounted with [[Melzer's reagent|iodine-based reagent]] (are dextrinoid) and they stain readily by [[Congo red]]. They are [[Metachromasia|metachromatic]] in [[Brilliant cresyl blue|Cresyl blue.]] The basidia measure 15–29 x 6.5–9.0 μm, and have 4 sterigmata each. Pleurocystidia are absent. The cheilocystidia measure 30–93 x 8–14 μm, and are narrowly club-shaped to cylindrical, and sometimes have a forked apex. They are brown and have dark granules when in ammonia. <ref name="Vellinga 2010" /> |
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Clamp connections are absent in all tissues. |
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== Habitat and Distribution == |
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| ⚫ | '''''Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus''''' is a species of [[agaric]] fungus. Described as new to science in 2010, it is found in [[California]], where it grows |
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''Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus'' has been found north of [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino county]] in California, for example in [[Picea sitchensis]] and [[Tsuga heterophylla]] forests or [[Alnus rubra]] and [[Sequoia sempervirens]] forests in the north, and in Pseudotsuga menziesii and Sequoia sempervirens forests in central coastal California. It grows from late October through early December in small groups. The true distribution is unknown. <ref name="Vellinga 2010" /> |
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== Similar species == |
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''[[Leucoagaricus badhamii]]'' exhibits similar red staining. ''Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus'' differs from ''L. flammeotincta,'' by its pseudocollarium, orange staining gills and trichodermal elements on cap. <ref>{{Cite web |title=E-Flora BC Atlas Page |url=https://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Lepiota%20flammeotincta&noTransfer=0 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=linnet.geog.ubc.ca}}</ref> |
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{{Portal|Fungi}} |
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*[[List of Leucoagaricus species|List of |
*[[List of Leucoagaricus species|''List of Leucoagaricus'' species]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
{{Reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="Vellinga 2010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vellinga EC, Contu M, Vizzni A |title=''Leucoagaricus decipiens'' and ''La. erythrophaeus'', a new species pair in sect. ''Piloselli'' |journal=Mycologia |year=2010 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=447–54 |doi=10.3852/09-164 |pmid=20361511}}</ref> |
<ref name="Vellinga 2010">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vellinga EC, Contu M, Vizzni A |title=''Leucoagaricus decipiens'' and ''La. erythrophaeus'', a new species pair in sect. ''Piloselli'' |journal=Mycologia |year=2010 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=447–54 |doi=10.3852/09-164 |pmid=20361511|hdl=2318/64170 |s2cid=17529337 |url=https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/64170/1/Leucoagaricus%20decipiens.pdf |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |
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[[Category:Fungi of North America]] |
[[Category:Fungi of North America]] |
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[[Category:Fungi described in 2010]] |
[[Category:Fungi described in 2010]] |
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[[Category:Fungus species]] |
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{{Agaricaceae-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 22:42, 25 May 2024
| Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | Leucoagaricus |
| Species: | L. erythrophaeus
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| Binomial name | |
| Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus Vellinga (2010)
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Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe has a ring |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Edibility is unknown |
Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus is a species of agaric fungus. Described as new to science in 2010, it is found in California, where it grows in mixed forest. The specific epithet erythrophaeus originates from the Greek words ερυ𝛉ρος ("red" or "bloody") and ϕαιος ("dark"), and refers to the mushroom's characteristic bruising reaction. The species was formerly known under the misapplied name Lepiota roseifolia.[1]
Description
[edit]Its cap is 18-60 mm across. Its shape is initially hemispherical, then expanding to be convex or conical, ending up flat, or even slightly concave. It has dark brown scales arranged circularly around the purple to red to brown centre. When touched, the cap turns red-orange, which fades to dark-brown. [1][2]
The gills are free from the stipe, and often attached to a collar-like structure called a collarium. They are moderately crowded, and yellowish white, turning orange when touched. [3]
The stipe measures 55–70 x 4–5 mm, and is cylindrical near the top, though it widens at the base, up to 15 mm wide. It is hollow and hairy, and has pale yellow to cream-coloured flesh. It has a white annulus with fringed edges that flares upwards or downwards. The flesh of Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus is white, though orange when cut. [1] It has a white spore print. [2]
The odour ranges from indistinct to astringent.[4]
Microscopic features
[edit]The basidiospores measure 5.9–8.8 x 3.5–4.9 μm, are ellipsoid and have relatively thick walls. They do not have any germ pores. They turn reddish-brown when mounted with iodine-based reagent (are dextrinoid) and they stain readily by Congo red. They are metachromatic in Cresyl blue. The basidia measure 15–29 x 6.5–9.0 μm, and have 4 sterigmata each. Pleurocystidia are absent. The cheilocystidia measure 30–93 x 8–14 μm, and are narrowly club-shaped to cylindrical, and sometimes have a forked apex. They are brown and have dark granules when in ammonia. [1]
Clamp connections are absent in all tissues.
Habitat and Distribution
[edit]Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus has been found north of Mendocino county in California, for example in Picea sitchensis and Tsuga heterophylla forests or Alnus rubra and Sequoia sempervirens forests in the north, and in Pseudotsuga menziesii and Sequoia sempervirens forests in central coastal California. It grows from late October through early December in small groups. The true distribution is unknown. [1]
Similar species
[edit]Leucoagaricus badhamii exhibits similar red staining. Leucoagaricus erythrophaeus differs from L. flammeotincta, by its pseudocollarium, orange staining gills and trichodermal elements on cap. [5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Vellinga EC, Contu M, Vizzni A (2010). "Leucoagaricus decipiens and La. erythrophaeus, a new species pair in sect. Piloselli" (PDF). Mycologia. 102 (2): 447–54. doi:10.3852/09-164. hdl:2318/64170. PMID 20361511. S2CID 17529337.
- ^ a b Stevens, Michael Wood & Fred. "California Fungi: Leucocoprinus erythrophaeus". www.mykoweb.com. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
- ^ Desjardin, Dennis E.; Wood, Michael G.; Stevens, Frederick A. (2016). California Mushrooms: The Comprehensive Identification Guide. Timber Press. p. 113. ISBN 9781604696608.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Vellinga, Else C. (2010-06-24). "Lepiotaceous fungi in California, U.S.A. Leucoagaricus sect. Piloselli". Mycotaxon. 112 (1): 393–444. doi:10.5248/112.393.
- ^ "E-Flora BC Atlas Page". linnet.geog.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2024-02-12.
External links
[edit]
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