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The Rolls of Succession in Rana or Rollkram Pratha was the official order of succession of the Rana Dynasty of Nepal.^[1] This order was regulated not only through descent, but also by lineage.^[2] It was established by Jung Bahadur Rana as a formal ranking of all of his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.

Jung Bahadur Rana

King Surendra issued a royal decree (sanad) that formalized the dominance of the Kunwar family. King Surendra gave Jung Bahadur authority over internal administration, including civil, military, and judicial affairs as well as foreign relations. Jung Bahadur was declared the "great king" (maharajah) of Kaski and Lamjung districts, serving as their independent ruler, and the right to use the honorific term shri which is "three times" (Sri Teen) in his name. In his 1856 sanad, King Surendra stated that succession would pass to Jung's seven brothers and then to his sons and nephew in order of seniority.^[3]

Chandra Shamshir's revision

Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher JBR revised and re-shuffled the Rolls of Succession and divided the Rana clan into 3 categories; A,B,and C according to the stature of the purity of lineage.^[4]

A Class: those born of legitimate high caste wives.^[5]
B Class: those born of legitimate married wives from a secondary high caste or those born from marriage with a royal household member.
C Class: those born of illegitimate wives from a lower caste.

A Class were eligible to be Prime Minister and/or the highest military and administrative officials, whereas B and C Class Rana could only reach the level of Colonel.

Juddha Shamshir's revision

In March 1934, Juddha Shumsher JBR expelled C Class from the roll of succession.^[6]

References

^ Indra Adhikari (12 June 2015). Military and Democracy in Nepal. Taylor & Francis. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-1-317-58905-1.
^ JBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN 99933-39-91-1.
^ Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. pp. 34–. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.
^ Ramjee P. Parajulee (January 2000). The Democratic Transition in Nepal. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-0-8476-9577-5.
^ IBP USA (3 March 2012). Nepal Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4387-7514-2.
^ Ishwari Prasad (1 January 1996). The Life and Times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal. APH Publishing. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-81-7024-756-2.

[Adhikari2015-1] Indra Adhikari (12 June 2015). Military and Democracy in Nepal. Taylor & Francis. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-1-317-58905-1.

[PurushottamShamsher1990-2] JBR, PurushottamShamsher (1990). Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta (in Nepali). Bhotahity, Kathmandu: Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar. ISBN 99933-39-91-1.

[JoshiRose1966-3] Bhuwan Lal Joshi; Leo E. Rose (1966). Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. University of California Press. pp. 34–. GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC.

[Parajulee2000-4] Ramjee P. Parajulee (January 2000). The Democratic Transition in Nepal. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-0-8476-9577-5.

[USA2012-5] IBP USA (3 March 2012). Nepal Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-1-4387-7514-2.

[Prasad1996-6] Ishwari Prasad (1 January 1996). The Life and Times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal. APH Publishing. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-81-7024-756-2.

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+{{Short description|Official order of succession of the Rana Dynasty of Nepal}}
-'''Rolls of Succession in Rana''' was the [[order of succession]], sequence of members of the Rana Royal Family of [[Nepal]] in the order in which they stand in line to the throne of Prime Minister Shree Teen Maharaja of Kaski Lamjung along with the top ten high military ranks.<ref name="Adhikari2015">{{cite book|author=Indra Adhikari|title=Military and Democracy in Nepal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VFLeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-58905-1|pages=116–}}</ref> This sequence was regulated not only through descent, but also by purity of lineage.<ref name="PurushottamShamsher1990">{{cite book |last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=1990 |title=Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta|trans-title=|url=|language=Nepali|location=Bhotahity, Kathmandu|publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=99933-39-91-1|access-date= }}</ref>[[Jung Bahadur Rana]] established the official Rolls of Succession that ranked all his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister as it would be passed down in the family for generations, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.
+[[File: Dhir Shamsher Rana and sons bw.jpg|thumb|Dhir Shamshers Rana and all of his 17 sons. The Rolls of Succession were [[agnatic]].]]
+The '''Rolls of Succession in Rana''' or '''Rollkram Pratha''' was the official [[order of succession]] of the [[Rana Dynasty]] of [[Kingdom of Nepal|Nepal]].<ref name="Adhikari2015">{{cite book|author=Indra Adhikari|title=Military and Democracy in Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFLeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-58905-1|pages=116–}}</ref> This order was regulated not only through descent, but also by lineage.<ref name="PurushottamShamsher1990">{{cite book |last=JBR|first=PurushottamShamsher|date=1990 |title=Shree Teen Haruko Tathya Britanta|language=ne|location=Bhotahity, Kathmandu|publisher=Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar|isbn=99933-39-91-1}}</ref> It was established by [[Jung Bahadur Rana]] as a formal ranking of all of his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.
 ==Jung Bahadur Rana==
-After King [[Surendra of Nepal|Surendra]] issued a royal decree (sanad) that formalized the dominance of the Kunwar family  along with giving [[Jung Bahadur Rana|Jung Bahadur]] the complete authority over all internal administration, including civil, military, and judicial affairs, and all foreign relations, including the powers to make war and peace.[[Jung Bahadur Rana|Jung Bahadur]] was made great king (maharajah) of Kaski and Lamjung districts, in effect serving as their independent ruler and the right to use the honorific term '''shri''' three times (Sri Teen) with his name.In his sanad of 1856 King Surendra stated that the line of succession would go to  Junga's seven brothers and then to Junga's sons and nephew in order of seniority.<ref name="JoshiRose1966">{{cite book|author1=Bhuwan Lal Joshi|author2=Leo E. Rose|title=Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=MX22o4PJ3Q0C&pg=PA34|year=1966|publisher=University of California Press|pages=34–|id=GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC}}</ref>After King's royal decree [[Jung Bahadur Rana]] established official Rolls of Succession that ranked all his descendants in relation to their hereditary rights to the office of prime minister.These provisions meant that the dictatorship of the Kunwar family, a virtual monarchy within the monarchy, would be passed down in the family for generations, with no legal mechanism for changing the government.
+King [[Surendra of Nepal|Surendra]] issued a royal decree (''sanad'') that formalized the dominance of the [[Kunwar family]]. King Surendra gave [[Jung Bahadur Rana|Jung Bahadur]] authority over internal administration, including civil, military, and judicial affairs as well as foreign relations. Jung Bahadur was declared the "great king" (''maharajah'') of [[Kaski District|Kaski]] and [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]] districts, serving as their independent ruler, and the right to use the honorific term shri which is "three times" (Sri Teen) in his name. In his 1856 ''sanad'', King Surendra stated that succession would pass to Jung's seven brothers and then to his sons and nephew in order of seniority.<ref name="JoshiRose1966">{{cite book|author1=Bhuwan Lal Joshi|author2=Leo E. Rose|title=Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX22o4PJ3Q0C&pg=PA34|year=1966|publisher=University of California Press|pages=34–|id=GGKEY:5N30S3HU9BC}}</ref>
-==Chandra Shumsher's Revision==
+==Chandra Shamshir's revision==
-In Prime Minister [[Chandra Shumsher JBR]] revised and re-suffeled the Rolls of Succession in Rana family and divided the Rana clan of [[Nepal]] into 3 categories of '''A''','''B''','''C''' according to the stature of the purity of lineage.<ref name="Parajulee2000">{{cite book|author=Ramjee P. Parajulee|title=The Democratic Transition in Nepal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9RsLR6OsEx0C&pg=PA35|date=January 2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-9577-5|pages=35–}}</ref>
+Prime Minister [[Chandra Shumsher JBR]] revised and re-shuffled the Rolls of Succession and divided the Rana clan into 3 categories; A,B,and C according to the stature of the purity of lineage.<ref name="Parajulee2000">{{cite book|author=Ramjee P. Parajulee|title=The Democratic Transition in Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RsLR6OsEx0C&pg=PA35|date=January 2000|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-9577-5|pages=35–}}</ref>
-*'''A Class''' were those born of legitimate high caste married wives.<ref name="USA2012">{{cite book|author=IBP USA|title=Nepal Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fkObBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=3 March 2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4387-7514-2|pages=57–}}</ref>
+*A Class: those born of legitimate high caste wives.<ref name="USA2012">{{cite book|author=IBP USA|title=Nepal Country Study Guide - Strategic Information and Developments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkObBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=3 March 2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4387-7514-2|pages=57–}}</ref>
-*'''B Class''' were those born of legitimate married wives of secondary high caste or those born from marriage with the royal household member.
+*B Class: those born of legitimate married wives from a secondary high caste or those born from marriage with a royal household member.
-*'''C Class''' were those born of illegitimate wives of lower cast .
+*C Class: those born of illegitimate wives from a lower caste.
-A Class could fit for position of Prime Minister and Highest Military and administrative Officials where as B and C Class Rana could only reach the level of [[Colonel]].
+A Class were eligible to be Prime Minister and/or the highest military and administrative officials, whereas B and C Class Rana could only reach the level of [[Colonel]].
-==Juddha Shumsher's Revision==
+==Juddha Shamshir's revision==
-In March 1934 [[Juddha Shumsher JBR]] expled  the '''C Class''' Rana from  the direct roll of succession.<ref name="Prasad1996">{{cite book|author=Ishwari Prasad|title=The Life and Times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEvbH8Fv-boC&pg=PA162|date=1 January 1996|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-756-2|pages=162–}}</ref>
+In March 1934, [[Juddha Shumsher JBR]] expelled C Class from the roll of succession.<ref name="Prasad1996">{{cite book|author=Ishwari Prasad|title=The Life and Times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEvbH8Fv-boC&pg=PA162|date=1 January 1996|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=978-81-7024-756-2|pages=162–}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 22: / Line 24: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+[[Category: Lines of succession]]
+[[Category: Nepalese monarchy]]