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{{short description|Ugandan boxer}}
{{short description|Ugandan boxer}}
{{MedalTop}}
{{MedalTop}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[boxing]]}}
{{MedalSport | Men's [[amateur boxing]]}}
{{MedalCountry | {{UGA}} }}
{{MedalSilver|[[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich]]|[[Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Flyweight|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[1972 Summer Olympics|1972 Munich]]|[[Boxing at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Flyweight|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Mexico City]]|[[Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Flyweight|Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Mexico City]]|[[Boxing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Flyweight|Flyweight]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{Medal|Silver| [[1970 Commonwealth Games|1970 Edinburgh]] | [[Flyweight]]}}
{{MedalBottom}}
{{MedalBottom}}


'''Leo Rwabwogo''' (3 June 1949 – 14 January 2009) was a Ugandan [[Boxing|boxer]], who won two Olympic medals during his career as an amateur in the [[flyweight]] division (– 51 kg). He won a bronze medal at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] in [[Mexico City]] before winning a silver medal at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in Munich. He is the only Ugandan athlete to have won more than one Olympic medal. He also won a silver medal at the [[1970 British Commonwealth Games]] in [[Edinburgh]].
'''Leo Rwabwogo''' (3 June 1949 – 14 January 2009) was a Ugandan [[Boxing|boxer]], who won two Olympic medals during his career as an amateur in the [[flyweight]] division (up to 51 kg). He won a bronze medal at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] in [[Mexico City]] before winning a silver medal at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in Munich. He also won a silver medal at the [[1970 British Commonwealth Games]] in [[Edinburgh]].
{{Infobox person
| name = Leo Rwabwogo
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1949|6|3}}
| birth_place = [[Tororo]], Uganda
| death_date = {{death date and age|2009|1|14|1949|6|3}}
| death_place = Rugongo, [[Kabarole District]]
| occupation =
| education =
| nationality =
| movement =
| parents =
| spouse =
| children = 12
}}


==Early life==
==Early life==
Rwabwogo was born in [[Tororo]], a town in the [[Eastern Region, Uganda|Eastern Region]] of Uganda. He took up boxing and joined the Kilembe Mines Boxing Center in the west of the country.<ref name="sr">{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/rw/leo-rwabwogo-1.html |title=Leo Rwabwogo|accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
Rwabwogo was born in [[Tororo]], a town in the [[Eastern Region, Uganda|Eastern Region]] of Uganda. He took up boxing and joined the Kilembe Mines Boxing Center in the west of the country.<ref name="sr">{{cite Sports-Reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/rw/leo-rwabwogo-1.html|title=Leo Rwabwogo|accessdate=31 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011013721/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/rw/leo-rwabwogo-1.html|archivedate=11 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
===1968 Olympics===
===1968 Olympics===
Rwabwogo had claimed the African flyweight title in the 1960s and was selected as part of the Ugandan boxing team for the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] in [[Mexico City]]. He was drawn gainst South Korean [[Seo Sang-yeong]] in his debut fight in the Olympics, winning a unanimous 5–0 decision. Further decision victories over American [[David Vasquez]] and Hungarian [[Tibor Badari]] followed, winning both 3–2, advanced Rwabwogo to the semi-final.<ref name="sr"/> Rwabwogo met Polish fighter [[Artur Olech]] who had won the silver medal in the event four years earlier at the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="move">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uCN1CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA200&lpg=PA200&dq=Leo+Rwabwogo+Artur+Olech&source=bl&ots=eOsLqu1gxA&sig=ACfU3U2SbwYbfgdhpUMPZbbwfZNqAOcR_w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJuL-90-DmAhUktnEKHf0PDQUQ6AEwBXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=Leo%20Rwabwogo%20Artur%20Olech&f=false |title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement |last1=Grasso |first1=John |last2=Mallon |first2=Bill |last3=Heijmans |first3=Jeroen |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2015 |p=200 |isbn=9780810865242}}</ref> The experienced Olech proved too strong for Rwabwogo, winning the fight in a 4–1 decision.<ref name="sr"/> Despite his defeat, Rwabwogo won the bronze medal in the event. He became the second athlete to win an Olympic medal in the nation's history, his teammate [[Eridadi Mukwanga]] had also guaranteed himself a medal two days earlier in the bantamweight division. Rwabwogo was however the first to receive his medal as Mukwanga had advanced in his weight class.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1228899/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |title=Boxing Hero Leo Rwabwogo Is Dead |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=15 January 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> Mukwanga went on to win the silver medal after losing the final.<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/eridadi-mukwanga-1.html |title=Eridadi Mukwanga|accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
Rwabwogo had claimed the African flyweight title in the 1960s and was selected as part of the Ugandan boxing team for the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] in [[Mexico City]]. He was drawn against South Korean [[Seo Sang-yeong]] in his debut fight in the Olympics, winning a unanimous 5–0 decision. Further decision victories over American [[David Vasquez]] and Hungarian [[Tibor Badari]] followed, winning both 3–2, advanced Rwabwogo to the semi-final.<ref name="sr"/> Rwabwogo met Polish fighter [[Artur Olech]] who had won the silver medal in the event four years earlier at the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="move">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uCN1CQAAQBAJ&q=Leo+Rwabwogo+Artur+Olech&pg=PA200 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement |last1=Grasso |first1=John |last2=Mallon |first2=Bill |last3=Heijmans |first3=Jeroen |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2015 |page=200 |isbn=9780810865242}}</ref> The experienced Olech proved too strong for Rwabwogo, winning the fight in a 4–1 decision.<ref name="sr"/> Despite his defeat, Rwabwogo won the bronze medal in the event. He became the second athlete to win an Olympic medal in the nation's history, his teammate [[Eridadi Mukwanga]] had also guaranteed himself a medal two days earlier in the bantamweight division. Rwabwogo was however the first to receive his medal as Mukwanga had advanced in his weight class.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1228899/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |title=Boxing Hero Leo Rwabwogo Is Dead |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=15 January 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231201145/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1228899/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mukwanga went on to win the silver medal after losing the final.<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/eridadi-mukwanga-1.html|title=Eridadi Mukwanga|accessdate=31 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010213606/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/eridadi-mukwanga-1.html|archivedate=10 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===1972 Olympics===
===1972 Olympics===


At the [[1970 British Commonwealth Games]], Rwabwogo won the silver medal after losing to Englishman [[Dave Needham (boxer)|Dave Needham]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecgf.com/results/games/3037/event/1480 |title=Boxing 51kg – Edinburgh 1970 |publisher=The Commonwealth Games Federation |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> He was chosen to represent Uganda again at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in [[Munich]], winning his first round bout over Uruguayan [[Jorge Acuña (boxer)|Jorge Acuña]] by a 5–0 decision. He recorded his first TKO victory in an Olympic event in the second round, stopping British fighter [[Maurice O'Sullivan (boxer)|Maurice O'Sullivan]]. He recorded a decision victory over Thailand's [[Chawalit On-Chim]] before recording a second TKO victory of the tournament by stopping Irishman [[Neil McLaughlin]] in the quarter-final.<ref name="sr"/>
At the [[1970 British Commonwealth Games]], Rwabwogo won the silver medal after losing to Englishman [[Dave Needham (boxer)|Dave Needham]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecgf.com/results/games/3037/event/1480 |title=Boxing 51kg – Edinburgh 1970 |publisher=The Commonwealth Games Federation |accessdate=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812101321/https://thecgf.com/results/games/3037/event/1480 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was chosen to represent Uganda again at the [[1972 Summer Olympics]] in [[Munich]], winning his first round bout over Uruguayan [[Jorge Acuña (boxer)|Jorge Acuña]] by a 5–0 decision. He recorded his first TKO victory in an Olympic event in the second round, stopping British fighter [[Maurice O'Sullivan (boxer)|Maurice O'Sullivan]]. He recorded a decision victory over Thailand's [[Chawalit On-Chim]] before recording a second TKO victory of the tournament by stopping Irishman [[Neil McLaughlin]] in the quarter-final.<ref name="sr"/>


Having lost in the semi-finals four years earlier, Rwabwogo went one better in the 1972 games by defeating Cuban fighter [[Douglas Rodríguez (boxer)|Douglas Rodriguez]] in a 3–2 decision victory to reach the flyweight final. Rwabwogo met Bulgarian [[Georgi Kostadinov]] in the gold medal match on 10 September.<ref name="sr"/> Kostadinov was the stronger in the first two rounds but, in the third, Rwabwogo mounted a "heavy counter-offensive" in an attempt to recover. However, Kostadinov held out to win the gold, with Rwabwogo claiming silver.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Newspapers&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCS101414699&docType=Sports+news&sort=Pub+Date+Forward+Chron&contentSegment=ZTMA-MOD1&prodId=TTDA&contentSet=GALE%7CCS101414699&searchId=R3&userGroupName=wikipedia&inPS=true |url-access=subscription |title=Ring of confidence for the Cubans |newspaper=The Times |p=6 |date=11 September 1972 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |via=The Times Digital Archive}}</ref> Rwabwogo's trainer would later claim that an injured right hand had impeded his fight and denied him victory.<ref name="unsung">{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1303584/leo-lwabwogo-unsung-hero |title=Leo Lwabwogo: Unsung Hero |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=8 July 2012 |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
Having lost in the semi-finals four years earlier, Rwabwogo went one better in the 1972 games by defeating Cuban fighter [[Douglas Rodríguez (boxer)|Douglas Rodriguez]] in a 3–2 decision victory to reach the flyweight final. Rwabwogo met Bulgarian [[Georgi Kostadinov]] in the gold medal match on 10 September.<ref name="sr"/> Kostadinov was the stronger in the first two rounds but, in the third, Rwabwogo mounted a "heavy counter-offensive" in an attempt to recover. However, Kostadinov held out to win the gold, with Rwabwogo claiming silver.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=Newspapers&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCS101414699&docType=Sports+news&sort=Pub+Date+Forward+Chron&contentSegment=ZTMA-MOD1&prodId=TTDA&contentSet=GALE%7CCS101414699&searchId=R3&userGroupName=wikipedia&inPS=true |url-access=subscription |title=Ring of confidence for the Cubans |newspaper=The Times |page=6 |date=11 September 1972 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |via=The Times Digital Archive}}</ref> Rwabwogo's trainer would later claim that an injured right hand had impeded his fight and denied him victory.<ref name="unsung">{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1303584/leo-lwabwogo-unsung-hero |title=Leo Lwabwogo: Unsung Hero |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=8 July 2012 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231212548/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1303584/leo-lwabwogo-unsung-hero |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


By winning silver, Rwabwogo became the only Ugandan athlete to win more than one Olympic medal in the nation's history.<ref name="two">{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1252083/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |title=Boxing hero Leo Rwabwogo is dead |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=15 January 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> He is also one of only three fighters to have won more than one medal at flyweight in Olympic history, alongside Artur Olech of Poland and [[Bulat Zhumadilov]] of Kazakhstan.<ref name="move"/> His silver medal victory briefly tied him with Mukwanga for Uganda's highest placed finish at an Olympic event until [[Hurdling|hurdler]] [[John Akii-Bua]] claimed the nation's first ever gold medal days later.<ref name="unsung"/>
By winning silver, Rwabwogo became the only Ugandan athlete to win more than one Olympic medal in the nation's history.<ref name="two">{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1252083/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |title=Boxing hero Leo Rwabwogo is dead |newspaper=New Vision |last=Bakama |first=James |date=15 January 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231212543/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1252083/boxing-hero-leo-rwabwogo-dead |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He is also one of only three fighters to have won more than one medal at flyweight in Olympic history, alongside Artur Olech of Poland and [[Bulat Zhumadilov]] of Kazakhstan.<ref name="move"/> His silver medal victory briefly tied him with Mukwanga for Uganda's highest placed finish at an Olympic event until [[Hurdling|hurdler]] [[John Akii-Bua]] claimed the nation's first ever gold medal days later.<ref name="unsung"/>


==Later life==
==Later life==
Rwabwogo was offered the chance to turn professional in the United States following the 1972 games but was persuaded to remain in Uganda by officials from the nation. After retiring from fighting, he took up other roles within boxing, coaching other fighters and becoming a referee.<ref name="unsung"/>
Rwabwogo was offered the chance to turn professional in the United States following the 1972 games but was persuaded to remain in Uganda by officials from that nation. After retiring from fighting, he took up other roles within boxing, coaching other fighters and becoming a referee.<ref name="unsung"/>


He remained in [[Kilembe, Uganda|Kilembe]], taking up a role as a sports officer at Kilembe Mines, the same club he had boxed at as a teenager. In 1981, Rwabwogo was a campaigner for [[Crispus Kiyonga]] and became a member of the [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name="unsung"/> He ended his life working as a peasent farmer in relative poverty. He died while tending his garden in the village of Rugongo in the [[Kabarole District]] at the age of 59 in 2008,<ref name="two"/> leaving behind 12 children. The poverty stricken nature of Rwabwogo's death caused shock in Uganda. A fundraising drive raised [[Ugandan shilling|sh]]1.1m and included the donation of 50 metal sheets and two acres of land to construct a home for Rwabwogo's family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1250000/Rwabwogo-revelation-shocks |title=Rwabwogo revelation shocks |newspaper=New Vision |last=Katende |first=Norman |date=15 February 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
He remained in [[Kilembe, Uganda|Kilembe]], taking up a role as a sports officer at Kilembe Mines, the same club he had boxed at as a teenager. In 1981, Rwabwogo was a campaigner for [[Crispus Kiyonga]] and became a member of the [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name="unsung"/> He ended his life working as a peasant farmer in relative poverty. He died while tending his garden in the village of Rugongo in the [[Kabarole District]] at the age of 59 in 2008,<ref name="two"/> leaving behind 12 children. The poverty stricken nature of Rwabwogo's death caused shock in Uganda. A fundraising drive raised [[Ugandan shilling|USh&nbsp;]]{{shilingi|1,100,000}} and included the donation of 50 metal sheets and two acres of land to construct a home for Rwabwogo's family.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1250000/Rwabwogo-revelation-shocks |title=Rwabwogo revelation shocks |newspaper=New Vision |last=Katende |first=Norman |date=15 February 2009 |accessdate=31 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231214147/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1250000/rwabwogo-revelation-shocks |archive-date=31 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
*{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519010707/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=RWABWLEO01 |title=databaseOlympics }}
*{{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519010707/http://www.databaseolympics.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=RWABWLEO01 |date=May 19, 2006 |title=databaseOlympics }}


{{Authority control}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rwabwogo, Leo}}
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[[Category:People from Tororo District]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Eastern Region, Uganda]]
[[Category:Ugandan boxers]]

Latest revision as of 06:43, 27 May 2024

Olympic medal record
Men's amateur boxing
Representing  Uganda
Silver medal – second place 1972 Munich Flyweight
Bronze medal – third place 1968 Mexico City Flyweight
Commonwealth Games
Silver medal – second place 1970 Edinburgh Flyweight

Leo Rwabwogo (3 June 1949 – 14 January 2009) was a Ugandan boxer, who won two Olympic medals during his career as an amateur in the flyweight division (up to 51 kg). He won a bronze medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City before winning a silver medal at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He also won a silver medal at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh.

Leo Rwabwogo
Born(1949-06-03)June 3, 1949
Tororo, Uganda
DiedJanuary 14, 2009(2009-01-14) (aged 59)
Rugongo, Kabarole District
Children12

Early life

[edit]

Rwabwogo was born in Tororo, a town in the Eastern Region of Uganda. He took up boxing and joined the Kilembe Mines Boxing Center in the west of the country.[1]

Career

[edit]

1968 Olympics

[edit]

Rwabwogo had claimed the African flyweight title in the 1960s and was selected as part of the Ugandan boxing team for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He was drawn against South Korean Seo Sang-yeong in his debut fight in the Olympics, winning a unanimous 5–0 decision. Further decision victories over American David Vasquez and Hungarian Tibor Badari followed, winning both 3–2, advanced Rwabwogo to the semi-final.[1] Rwabwogo met Polish fighter Artur Olech who had won the silver medal in the event four years earlier at the 1964 Summer Olympics.[2] The experienced Olech proved too strong for Rwabwogo, winning the fight in a 4–1 decision.[1] Despite his defeat, Rwabwogo won the bronze medal in the event. He became the second athlete to win an Olympic medal in the nation's history, his teammate Eridadi Mukwanga had also guaranteed himself a medal two days earlier in the bantamweight division. Rwabwogo was however the first to receive his medal as Mukwanga had advanced in his weight class.[3] Mukwanga went on to win the silver medal after losing the final.[4]

1972 Olympics

[edit]

At the 1970 British Commonwealth Games, Rwabwogo won the silver medal after losing to Englishman Dave Needham.[5] He was chosen to represent Uganda again at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, winning his first round bout over Uruguayan Jorge Acuña by a 5–0 decision. He recorded his first TKO victory in an Olympic event in the second round, stopping British fighter Maurice O'Sullivan. He recorded a decision victory over Thailand's Chawalit On-Chim before recording a second TKO victory of the tournament by stopping Irishman Neil McLaughlin in the quarter-final.[1]

Having lost in the semi-finals four years earlier, Rwabwogo went one better in the 1972 games by defeating Cuban fighter Douglas Rodriguez in a 3–2 decision victory to reach the flyweight final. Rwabwogo met Bulgarian Georgi Kostadinov in the gold medal match on 10 September.[1] Kostadinov was the stronger in the first two rounds but, in the third, Rwabwogo mounted a "heavy counter-offensive" in an attempt to recover. However, Kostadinov held out to win the gold, with Rwabwogo claiming silver.[6] Rwabwogo's trainer would later claim that an injured right hand had impeded his fight and denied him victory.[7]

By winning silver, Rwabwogo became the only Ugandan athlete to win more than one Olympic medal in the nation's history.[8] He is also one of only three fighters to have won more than one medal at flyweight in Olympic history, alongside Artur Olech of Poland and Bulat Zhumadilov of Kazakhstan.[2] His silver medal victory briefly tied him with Mukwanga for Uganda's highest placed finish at an Olympic event until hurdler John Akii-Bua claimed the nation's first ever gold medal days later.[7]

Later life

[edit]

Rwabwogo was offered the chance to turn professional in the United States following the 1972 games but was persuaded to remain in Uganda by officials from that nation. After retiring from fighting, he took up other roles within boxing, coaching other fighters and becoming a referee.[7]

He remained in Kilembe, taking up a role as a sports officer at Kilembe Mines, the same club he had boxed at as a teenager. In 1981, Rwabwogo was a campaigner for Crispus Kiyonga and became a member of the National Resistance Movement.[7] He ended his life working as a peasant farmer in relative poverty. He died while tending his garden in the village of Rugongo in the Kabarole District at the age of 59 in 2008,[8] leaving behind 12 children. The poverty stricken nature of Rwabwogo's death caused shock in Uganda. A fundraising drive raised USh 1,100,000/= and included the donation of 50 metal sheets and two acres of land to construct a home for Rwabwogo's family.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Leo Rwabwogo". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Scarecrow Press. p. 200. ISBN 9780810865242.
  3. ^ Bakama, James (15 January 2009). "Boxing Hero Leo Rwabwogo Is Dead". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  4. ^ Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Eridadi Mukwanga". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  5. ^ "Boxing 51kg – Edinburgh 1970". The Commonwealth Games Federation. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  6. ^ "Ring of confidence for the Cubans". The Times. 11 September 1972. p. 6. Retrieved 31 December 2019 – via The Times Digital Archive.
  7. ^ a b c d Bakama, James (8 July 2012). "Leo Lwabwogo: Unsung Hero". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  8. ^ a b Bakama, James (15 January 2009). "Boxing hero Leo Rwabwogo is dead". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
  9. ^ Katende, Norman (15 February 2009). "Rwabwogo revelation shocks". New Vision. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
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