Jump to content

Susumu Ōno: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Cydebot (talk | contribs)
6,812,251 edits
 
(27 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Japanese linguist}}
{{for|the biologist|Susumu Ohno}}
{{for|the biologist|Susumu Ohno}}
{{Infobox person

| name = Susumu Ōno
⚫
{{nihongo|'''Susumu Ōno'''|大野 晋|Ōno Susumu|August 23, 1919 – July 14, 2008}} was a [[Tokyo]]-born [[Linguistics|linguist]], specializing in the early history of the Japanese language [[Kokugogaku]]. He graduated from the [[University of Tokyo]] in 1943, where he studied under [[Shinkichi Hashimoto]]. He was [[professor]] [[emeritus]] at [[Gakushuin University]].
⚫
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1919|8|23}}
| birth_place = {{JPN}} [[Tokyo]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2008|7|14|1919|8|23}}
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| othername = 大野 晋
| occupation =[[Linguistics|linguist]]
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| children =
⚫
}}
⚫
{{nihongo|'''Susumu Ōno'''|大野 晋|Ōno Susumu|August 23, 1919 – July 14, 2008}} was a [[Tokyo]]-born [[Linguistics|linguist]], specializing in the early history of the [[Japanese language]]. He graduated from the [[University of Tokyo]] in 1943, where he studied under [[Shinkichi Hashimoto]]. He was professor emeritus at [[Gakushuin University]].


==Career==
==Career==


Ōno is best remembered by fellow professional linguists for his great work, following in the trailblazing wake of his mentor Hashimoto Shinkichi, on the [[kana]] writing system and [[phonology]] of [[Old Japanese]], published in 1953. He became known to the general reading public with his popular book, ''The Origins of the Japanese Language'' in 1957, which, together with [[Kindaichi Haruhiko]]'s ''The Japanese Language'', published the same year, created a lively national interest in the nature, origins, and peculiarities of the language. He also collaborated with [[Takai Ichinosuke]] and [[Gomi Tomohide]] in the production of an important, an edition of the two fundamental early classics of [[Japanese literature]], the [[Man'yōshū]] (1957–1962), and the [[Nihon Shoki]] (1965–1967). In addition, he co-edited a standard dictionary of early Japanese, the [[Iwanami]] [[Kogo jiten]] (1974, second revised edition, 1990), and co-edited a new edition of the complete works of [[Motoori Norinaga]], the greatest scholar of [[Kokugaku]] (1968–1993).
Ōno is best remembered by fellow professional linguists for his work, following in the wake of his mentor Shinkichi Hashimoto, on the [[kana]] writing system and [[phonology]] of [[Old Japanese]], published in 1953. He became known to the general reading public in 1957 with his popular book ''The Origins of the Japanese Language'', which, together with [[Kindaichi Haruhiko]]'s ''The Japanese Language'', published the same year, created a lively interest in the nature, origins, and peculiarities of the language. He also collaborated with [[Takai Ichinosuke]] and [[Gomi Tomohide]] in the production of important editions of two early classics of [[Japanese literature]], the [[Man'yōshū]] (1957–1962) and the [[Nihon Shoki]] (1965–1967). In addition, he co-edited a standard dictionary of early Japanese, the ''[[Iwanami Shoten, Publishers|Iwanami]] Kogo Jiten'' (1974, second revised edition, 1990), and co-edited a new edition of the complete works of [[Motoori Norinaga]], the greatest scholar of [[Kokugaku]] (1968–1993).


As a result of his many works of divulgation, he became one of the most well-known linguists in Japan. His book for general readers ''Nihongo Renshūchō'' ({{lang|ja|日本語練習帳}} ''Japanese Exercise Book'') 1999, for example, sold an amazing 1.8 million copies.
As a result, he became one of the best-known linguists in Japan. His 1999 book for general readers, ''Nihongo Renshūchō'' ({{lang|ja|日本語練習帳}}, Japanese Exercise Book), sold 1.8 million copies.


Ōno has made a significant contribution to the field of Japanese quantitative linguistics by indicating a statistical relationship, known as '[[Ōno's lexical law]]', between the category of classical Japanese literary works and the rate of usage of word classes in their lexicons.
Ōno made a significant contribution to the field of Japanese quantitative linguistics by indicating a statistical relationship, known as "[[Ōno's lexical law]]", between the category of classical Japanese literary works and the rate of usage of word classes in their lexicons.


==Hypothesis on a genetic link with the Tamil language==
==Hypothesis on a genetic link with the Tamil language==


Over the last three decades, Ōno has won notability, though not always complimentary, for his support of the hypothesis, first put forward by [[Susumu Shiba]] in 1970, and developed by [[Akira Fujiwara]] (藤原明), most notably in 1981,<ref>''Nihongo wa doko kara kita ka''Kōdansha, Tokyo</ref> that the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages share a common ancestry.<ref>Susumu Ohno. [http://arutkural.tripod.com/tolcampus/jap-tamil.htm ''The Genealogy of the Japanese Language: Tamil and Japanese'']</ref> His theory has been severely criticized by prominent Japanese Indologist [[Tokunaga Muneo]] (徳永宗雄),<ref>Tokunaga Muneo,''Nihongo to Tamirugo'' Gengo Kenkyū No. 2</ref> who, unlike Ōno, is fluent in Tamil,{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} and by other comparativists like [[Kazama Kiyozō]] (風間喜代三)<ref>"Kotoba to keitō" in、''Tōkyō Daigaku Kōkai Kōza Kotoba'', Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1983</ref>
Over the last three decades, Ōno has won notability, though not always complimentary, for his support of the hypothesis, first put forward by [[Susumu Shiba]] in 1970, and developed by [[Akira Fujiwara]], most notably in 1981,<ref>''Nihongo wa doko kara kita ka''Kōdansha, Tokyo</ref> that the [[Japanese language|Japanese]] and the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] languages share a common ancestry.<ref>Susumu Ohno. [http://arutkural.tripod.com/tolcampus/jap-tamil.htm ''The Genealogy of the Japanese Language: Tamil and Japanese'']</ref> His theory has been severely criticized by prominent Japanese Indologist [[Tokunaga Muneo]],<ref>Tokunaga Muneo,''Nihongo to Tamirugo'' Gengo Kenkyū No. 2</ref> and by other comparativists like [[Kazama Kiyozō]].<ref>"Kotoba to keitō" in、''Tōkyō Daigaku Kōkai Kōza Kotoba'', Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1983</ref>


Generally speaking, like many other "amateur hypotheses" about the origins of the Japanese language, his theory "collapses" because the author, though a top-ranking scholar of Japanese, is thought to have presented his theories without taking into consideration the intricate complexities of the comparative methodologies of [[philology]]. Ōno's attempt to confront his critics, in the article cited here, is successful in disarming [[Roy Andrew Miller]]'s critique but said to be failing to answer the general charge, made much earlier on his previous theories about an [[Austronesian]] origin for the language,<ref>[[Murayama Shichirō]], Kokubu Naoichi ''Genshi nihongo to minzoku bunka'', San'ichi Shobō, Tokyo 1979 pp.32f., 50ff.,</ref> The argument for a similar word order in Tamil and Japanese, for example, also holds for Japanese and some Papuan languages.
Generally speaking, like many other "amateur hypotheses" about the origins of the Japanese language, his theory "collapses" because the author, though a top-ranking scholar of Japanese, is thought to have presented his theories without taking into consideration the intricate complexities of the comparative methodologies of [[philology]]. Ōno's attempt to confront his critics, in the article cited here, is successful in disarming [[Roy Andrew Miller]]'s critique but said to be failing to answer the general charge, made much earlier on his previous theories about an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] origin for the language.<ref>[[Murayama Shichirō]], Kokubu Naoichi ''Genshi nihongo to minzoku bunka'', San'ichi Shobō, Tokyo 1979 pp.32f., 50ff.,</ref> The argument for a similar word order in Tamil and Japanese, for example, also holds for Japanese and some Papuan languages.


==Popular works on Japanese==
==Popular works on Japanese==
Line 29: Line 45:
*[[Japanese language classification]]
*[[Japanese language classification]]
*[[Japanese literature]]
*[[Japanese literature]]
*[[Dravido-Korean languages]]
*[[List of Japanese authors]]
*[[Ōno's lexical law]]


==References==
==References==
Line 41: Line 56:
{{-}}
{{-}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=108177071}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Ono, Susumu
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1919
⚫
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 2008
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ono, Susumu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ono, Susumu}}
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Linguists from Japan]]
[[Category:Linguists from Japan]]
[[Category:Linguists of Japanese]]
[[Category:Japanese writers]]
[[Category:Japanese writers]]
[[Category:Japanese lexicographers]]
[[Category:Japanese lexicographers]]
[[Category:Tamil scholars of non-Tamil background]]
[[Category:Tamil scholars of non-Tamil background]]
[[Category:Paleolinguists]]
[[Category:Historical linguists]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century linguists]]
{{Japan-writer-stub}}
[[Category:20th-century lexicographers]]

[[ko:오노 스스무]]
[[ja:大野晋]]
[[ta:சுசுமு ஓனோ]]

Latest revision as of 01:16, 28 May 2024

For the biologist, see Susumu Ohno.
Susumu Ōno
Born(1919-08-23)August 23, 1919
 Japan Tokyo
DiedJuly 14, 2008(2008-07-14) (aged 88)
Other names大野 晋
Occupationlinguist

Susumu Ōno (大野 晋, Ōno Susumu, August 23, 1919 – July 14, 2008) was a Tokyo-born linguist, specializing in the early history of the Japanese language. He graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1943, where he studied under Shinkichi Hashimoto. He was professor emeritus at Gakushuin University.

Career

[edit]

Ōno is best remembered by fellow professional linguists for his work, following in the wake of his mentor Shinkichi Hashimoto, on the kana writing system and phonology of Old Japanese, published in 1953. He became known to the general reading public in 1957 with his popular book The Origins of the Japanese Language, which, together with Kindaichi Haruhiko's The Japanese Language, published the same year, created a lively interest in the nature, origins, and peculiarities of the language. He also collaborated with Takai Ichinosuke and Gomi Tomohide in the production of important editions of two early classics of Japanese literature, the Man'yōshū (1957–1962) and the Nihon Shoki (1965–1967). In addition, he co-edited a standard dictionary of early Japanese, the Iwanami Kogo Jiten (1974, second revised edition, 1990), and co-edited a new edition of the complete works of Motoori Norinaga, the greatest scholar of Kokugaku (1968–1993).

As a result, he became one of the best-known linguists in Japan. His 1999 book for general readers, Nihongo Renshūchō (日本語練習帳, Japanese Exercise Book), sold 1.8 million copies.

Ōno made a significant contribution to the field of Japanese quantitative linguistics by indicating a statistical relationship, known as "Ōno's lexical law", between the category of classical Japanese literary works and the rate of usage of word classes in their lexicons.

[edit]

Over the last three decades, Ōno has won notability, though not always complimentary, for his support of the hypothesis, first put forward by Susumu Shiba in 1970, and developed by Akira Fujiwara, most notably in 1981,[1] that the Japanese and the Tamil languages share a common ancestry.[2] His theory has been severely criticized by prominent Japanese Indologist Tokunaga Muneo,[3] and by other comparativists like Kazama Kiyozō.[4]

Generally speaking, like many other "amateur hypotheses" about the origins of the Japanese language, his theory "collapses" because the author, though a top-ranking scholar of Japanese, is thought to have presented his theories without taking into consideration the intricate complexities of the comparative methodologies of philology. Ōno's attempt to confront his critics, in the article cited here, is successful in disarming Roy Andrew Miller's critique but said to be failing to answer the general charge, made much earlier on his previous theories about an Austronesian origin for the language.[5] The argument for a similar word order in Tamil and Japanese, for example, also holds for Japanese and some Papuan languages.

[edit]
  • Nihongo no kigen, Iwanami, Tokyo 1957
  • Nihongo no nenrin, Shinchō Bunko, Tokyo 1966
  • Nihongo o sakanoboru, Iwanami, Tokyo 1974
  • Nihongo no bunpō o kangaeru, Iwanami, Tokyo 1978
  • Nihongo izen, Iwanami, Tokyo 1987
  • Nihongo no keisei, Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo 2000
  • Yayoi bunmei to minami-Indo, Iwanami Shoten 2004

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Nihongo wa doko kara kita kaKōdansha, Tokyo
  2. ^ Susumu Ohno. The Genealogy of the Japanese Language: Tamil and Japanese
  3. ^ Tokunaga Muneo,Nihongo to Tamirugo Gengo Kenkyū No. 2
  4. ^ "Kotoba to keitō" in、Tōkyō Daigaku Kōkai Kōza Kotoba, Tōkyō Daigaku Shuppankai, 1983
  5. ^ Murayama Shichirō, Kokubu Naoichi Genshi nihongo to minzoku bunka, San'ichi Shobō, Tokyo 1979 pp.32f., 50ff.,
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Susumu_Ōno&oldid=1226006216"