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'''Kinesiological Instrument for Normal and Altered Reaching Movement''' ('''KINARM''')<ref name="queen's journal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2010-12-02/prof-invents-first-ever-objective-brain-function-a/|title=Prof invents first ever objective brain function assessment tool|last=|first=|date=|website=The Journal |
'''Kinesiological Instrument for Normal and Altered Reaching Movement''' ('''KINARM''')<ref name="queen's journal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.queensjournal.ca/story/2010-12-02/prof-invents-first-ever-objective-brain-function-a/|title=Prof invents first ever objective brain function assessment tool|last=|first=|date=|website=The Journal|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> is an interactive robotic device designed to assess the sensorimotor and cognitive function of the brain through behavioural tasks using the upper limb. There are two types of KINARMs - the KINARM Exoskeleton and the KINARM End-Point. The technology is used by both basic and clinical researchers in order to develop a greater understanding of the neurological impacts of a variety of injuries and diseases. KINARMs allow researchers to collect more objective and quantitative data for assessing brain function than traditional methods.<ref>{{cite news |last = Rhamey |first = Ashley |date = Aug 13, 2017 |title = Robots and research |url = https://www.thewhig.com/2017/08/13/robots-and-research/wcm/cf90f457-0bbd-b1d9-fb1d-3eb068fe3734 |work = Kingston Whig-Standard |location = Kingston |access-date = May 23, 2019}}</ref> The devices are created by BKIN Technologies Ltd., doing business as Kinarm, in [[Kingston, Ontario]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The first KINARM robot to be created was the KINARM Exoskeleton. It was developed in 1999 by [[Stephen H. Scott|Stephen Scott]], a neuroscientist and researcher at [[Queen's University at Kingston| |
The first KINARM robot to be created was the KINARM Exoskeleton. It was developed in 1999 by [[Stephen H. Scott|Stephen Scott]], a neuroscientist and researcher at [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]].<ref>{{cite journal |first = S.H. |last = Scott |date = July 1999 |title = Apparatus for measuring and perturbing shoulder and elbow joint positions and torques during reaching |journal = Journal of Neuroscience Methods |volume = 89 |issue = 2 |pages = 119–127 |doi = 10.1016/S0165-0270(99)00053-9|pmid = 10491942 |s2cid = 23295994 }}</ref> The KINARM Exoskeleton was commercialized in 2004<ref>{{cite web |title = BKIN Technologies Ltd. |url = https://trilliummfg.ca/profile/kinarm/ |website = Trillium Network for Advanced Manufacturing |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref> when BKIN Technologies was founded by Dr. Scott and Dr. Ian Brown with the assistance of PARTEQ Innovations.<ref>{{cite web |last = Mathison |first = Dick |date = Nov 23, 2010 |title = New technology enables better assessment of brain injuries |url = http://kingstonherald.com/tech/technology-enables-brain-injuries-assessment-201032866 |work = Kingston Herald |location = Kingston |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref> |
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==Product== |
==Product== |
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==KINARM standard tests== |
==KINARM standard tests== |
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The KINARM Standard Tests (KST) form a library of automated behavioural tasks designed for use with KINARMs. The KST database has been extensively used in research publications and has created a universal platform for the comparison of data on neurological function among normal and impaired human populations.<ref>{{cite journal | |
The KINARM Standard Tests (KST) form a library of automated behavioural tasks designed for use with KINARMs. The KST database has been extensively used in research publications and has created a universal platform for the comparison of data on neurological function among normal and impaired human populations.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Centen |first1 = A. |last2 = Lowrey |first2 = C.R. |last3 = Scott |first3 = S.H. |last4 = Yeh |first4 = T.T. |last5 = Mochizuki |first5 = G. |date = June 2017 |title = KAPS(Kinematic Assessment of Passive Stretch): a tool to assess elbow flexor and extensor hypertonicity after stroke using a robotic exoskeleton |journal = Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |volume = 14 |issue = 1 |pages = 59 |doi = 10.1186/s12984-017-0272-8|pmid = 28629415 |pmc = 5477344 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Bourke |first1 = T.C. |last2 = Lowrey |first2 = C.R. |last3 = Dukelow |first3 = S.P. |last4 = Bagg |first4 = S.D. |last5 = Norman |first5 = K.E. |last6 = Scott |first6 = S.H. |date = October 2016 |title = A robotic task quantifies post-stroke impairments in rapid motor decisions and actions |journal = Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |volume = 13 |issue=91 |page = 91 |doi = 10.1186/s12984-016-0201-2|pmid = 27724945 |pmc = 5057404 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Tyryshkin |first1 = K. |last2 = Coderre |first2 = A. |last3 = Glasgow |first3 = J.I. |last4 = Herter |first4 = T.M. |last5 = Bagg |first5 = S.D. |last6 = Dukelow |first6 = S.P. |last7 = Scott |first7 = S.H. |date = April 2014 |title = A robotic object hitting task to quantify sensorimotor impairments in participants with stroke |journal = Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation |volume = 11 |issue = 1 |pages = 47 |doi = 10.1186/1743-0003-11-47|pmid = 24693877 |pmc=3992166 |doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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There are over 275 published peer-reviewed journal articles that use KINARM Labs.<ref>{{cite web |title = Publications by Research Area |url = https://www.bkintechnologies.com/clinical-applications/publications-by-research-area/?view=all |website = BKIN Technologies |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref> |
There are over 275 published peer-reviewed journal articles that use KINARM Labs.<ref>{{cite web |title = Publications by Research Area |url = https://www.bkintechnologies.com/clinical-applications/publications-by-research-area/?view=all |website = BKIN Technologies |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref> |
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KINARM Labs are being used for concussion evaluation in high-performance athletes at the [[Canadian Winter Sport Institute]] as a part of the [[Canadian Olympic Committee]] |
KINARM Labs are being used for concussion evaluation in high-performance athletes at the [[Canadian Winter Sport Institute]] as a part of the [[Canadian Olympic Committee]]'s national concussion strategy.<ref>{{cite news |last = Fletcher |first = Robson |date = Mar 18, 2019 |title = Canada adopts new national concussion strategy for high-performance athletes |url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/national-concussion-strategy-olympic-announcement-calgary-1.5060956 |work = CBC News |location = Calgary |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last = MacQueen |first = Ken |date = Jul 17, 2012 |title = Team Canada's gold medal secrets |url = https://www.macleans.ca/society/gold-medal-secrets/ |work = MacLean's magazine |publisher = Rogers Media |access-date = May 22, 2019}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{Official website|https://www.bkintechnologies.com/|BKIN Technologies official website}} |
* {{Official website|https://www.bkintechnologies.com/|BKIN Technologies official website}} |
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[[Category:Medical robots]] |
[[Category:Medical robots]] |
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Latest revision as of 14:38, 28 May 2024
 | A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. (September 2019) |
Kinesiological Instrument for Normal and Altered Reaching Movement (KINARM)[1] is an interactive robotic device designed to assess the sensorimotor and cognitive function of the brain through behavioural tasks using the upper limb. There are two types of KINARMs - the KINARM Exoskeleton and the KINARM End-Point. The technology is used by both basic and clinical researchers in order to develop a greater understanding of the neurological impacts of a variety of injuries and diseases. KINARMs allow researchers to collect more objective and quantitative data for assessing brain function than traditional methods.[2] The devices are created by BKIN Technologies Ltd., doing business as Kinarm, in Kingston, Ontario.
History
[edit]The first KINARM robot to be created was the KINARM Exoskeleton. It was developed in 1999 by Stephen Scott, a neuroscientist and researcher at Queen's University.[3] The KINARM Exoskeleton was commercialized in 2004[4] when BKIN Technologies was founded by Dr. Scott and Dr. Ian Brown with the assistance of PARTEQ Innovations.[5]
Product
[edit]KINARM robots assess the user's ability to interact with a two-dimensional virtual reality environment using their upper limbs. The KINARM Exoskeleton uses a motorized exoskeleton to measure and manipulate the function of the upper limbs and is produced in both human and non-human primate (NHP) versions. The KINARM End-Point uses hand-held robotic rods and is used primarily for human use. Both robot labs are available with gaze-tracking technology.[6]
As of 2018, there were roughly 100 KINARM labs distributed in 14 countries worldwide.[7]
KINARM standard tests
[edit]The KINARM Standard Tests (KST) form a library of automated behavioural tasks designed for use with KINARMs. The KST database has been extensively used in research publications and has created a universal platform for the comparison of data on neurological function among normal and impaired human populations.[8][9][10]
Applications
[edit]There are over 275 published peer-reviewed journal articles that use KINARM Labs.[11]
KINARM Labs are being used for concussion evaluation in high-performance athletes at the Canadian Winter Sport Institute as a part of the Canadian Olympic Committee's national concussion strategy.[12][13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Prof invents first ever objective brain function assessment tool". The Journal.
- ^ Rhamey, Ashley (Aug 13, 2017). "Robots and research". Kingston Whig-Standard. Kingston. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ Scott, S.H. (July 1999). "Apparatus for measuring and perturbing shoulder and elbow joint positions and torques during reaching". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 89 (2): 119–127. doi:10.1016/S0165-0270(99)00053-9. PMID 10491942. S2CID 23295994.
- ^ "BKIN Technologies Ltd". Trillium Network for Advanced Manufacturing. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Mathison, Dick (Nov 23, 2010). "New technology enables better assessment of brain injuries". Kingston Herald. Kingston. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ "KINARM". Physiopedia. May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Willson, Andrew (Dec 4, 2018). "Stephen Scott's robot is changing what we know about the brain". Dean's Blog. Queen's University Faculty of Health Sciences. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Centen, A.; Lowrey, C.R.; Scott, S.H.; Yeh, T.T.; Mochizuki, G. (June 2017). "KAPS(Kinematic Assessment of Passive Stretch): a tool to assess elbow flexor and extensor hypertonicity after stroke using a robotic exoskeleton". Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 14 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/s12984-017-0272-8. PMC 5477344. PMID 28629415.
- ^ Bourke, T.C.; Lowrey, C.R.; Dukelow, S.P.; Bagg, S.D.; Norman, K.E.; Scott, S.H. (October 2016). "A robotic task quantifies post-stroke impairments in rapid motor decisions and actions". Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 13 (91): 91. doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0201-2. PMC 5057404. PMID 27724945.
- ^ Tyryshkin, K.; Coderre, A.; Glasgow, J.I.; Herter, T.M.; Bagg, S.D.; Dukelow, S.P.; Scott, S.H. (April 2014). "A robotic object hitting task to quantify sensorimotor impairments in participants with stroke". Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 11 (1): 47. doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-47. PMC 3992166. PMID 24693877.
- ^ "Publications by Research Area". BKIN Technologies. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ Fletcher, Robson (Mar 18, 2019). "Canada adopts new national concussion strategy for high-performance athletes". CBC News. Calgary. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- ^ MacQueen, Ken (Jul 17, 2012). "Team Canada's gold medal secrets". MacLean's magazine. Rogers Media. Retrieved May 22, 2019.