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{{Short description|Person or animal with a physical disability, typically being unable to walk}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} |
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'''Cripple''' is a dated term for a [[disabled]] person, particularly one who is unable to walk due to an injury or illness. The word was recorded as early as [[950]] [[AD]], and generally came to be regarded as [[pejorative]] in the [[United States]] and [[Britain]] during the [[1960s]]. In other English-speaking countries, the term is still widely used without pejorative connotations. |
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{{Other uses}} |
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[[File:A crippled beggar moves with crutches accompanied by a littl Wellcome V0020357.jpg|thumb|Drawing of a beggar using [[crutch]]es]] |
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A '''cripple''' is a person or animal with a [[physical disability]], particularly one who is unable to walk because of an injury or illness. The word was recorded as early as 950 AD, and derives from the [[Proto-Germanic]] ''krupilaz''.<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cripple Online Etymology Dictionary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[German language|German]] and [[Dutch language|Dutch]] words ''Krüppel'' and ''kreupel'' are [[cognate]]s. |
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By the 1970s, the word generally came to be regarded as [[pejorative]] when used for people with disabilities.<ref name="MillerGwynne1972">{{cite book|author1=E. Eric John Miller|author2=G. Geraldine V. Gwynne|title=A Life Apart: A Pilot Study of Residential Institutions for the Physically Handicapped and the Young Chronic Sick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNAOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA41|accessdate=14 July 2013|date=1 January 1972|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=41–|isbn=9780422739108|id=GGKEY:QCP9JKZ8RPE}}</ref><ref name="LevySidel2005">{{cite book|authorlink1=Barry S. Levy|authorlink2=Victor W. Sidel|author1=Barry Levy|author2=Victor Sidel|title=Social Injustice and Public Health|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-zp4p6lvKwC&pg=PA147|accessdate=14 July 2013|date=25 August 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-988375-2|pages=147–}}</ref><ref name="NettlesBalter2011">{{cite book|author1=Reginald Nettles|author2=Rochelle Balter|title=Multiple Minority Identities: Applications for Practice, Research, and Training|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o5bKM_WyT4EC&pg=PA3|accessdate=14 July 2013|year=2011|publisher=Springer Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8261-0703-9|pages=3–}}</ref><ref name="RichardsonPowell2011">{{cite book|author1=John Richardson|author2=Justin Powell|title=Comparing Special Education: Origins to Contemporary Paradoxes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5tjFTPCFiCIC&pg=PA264|accessdate=14 July 2013|date=17 May 2011|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-7913-5|pages=264–}}</ref> ''Cripple'' is also a transitive verb, meaning "cause a disability or inability". The word ''crippling'' is also used as an adjective. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/crippling|title=Crippling Definition & Meaning|publisher = Dictionary.com}}</ref> |
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'''Cripple''' may also refer to: |
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== Reappropriation == |
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In '''society''': |
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{{Main|Crip (disability term)}} |
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*[[Crips]], a modern street [[gang]] started in [[Los Angeles]]. |
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In the same way that the term "queer" has been [[reappropriated]] by the [[gay rights movement]], members of the [[disability rights movement]] have [[Reappropriation|reclaimed words]] such as "cripple", "crip", and "[[wikt:gimp|gimp]]" to refer to themselves.<ref name="RichardsonPowell2011"/><ref name="BaglieriShapiro2012">{{cite book|author1=Susan Baglieri|author2=Arthur H. Shapiro|title=Disability Studies and the Inclusive Classroom: Critical Practices for Creating Least Restrictive Attitudes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkaC2eYg-eUC&pg=PA49|accessdate=14 July 2013|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-99372-2|pages=49–}}</ref> The ''cripple tribunal'' in [[Dortmund]] on 13 December 1981 was one of the main protest actions of the autonomous German disability movement (in confrontation with the established disability assistance) against human rights abuses in [[nursing homes]] and [[psychiatric hospitals]], as well as against deficiencies of local public transport. Analogous to the [[Russell Tribunal]] by [[Amnesty International]], the ''cripple tribunal'' has denounced human rights violations of disabled people.<ref>[http://www.disabilityworld.org/01-03_02/news/tribunal.shtml cripple tribunal on disabilityworld.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123083149/http://disabilityworld.org/01-03_02/news/tribunal.shtml |date=2010-11-23 }} Retrieved 2012-01-21</ref> |
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In '''geography''': |
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*[[Cripple Creek, Colorado|Cripple Creek]], a small town in [[Colorado]]. |
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In '''software''': |
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*[[Crippleware]], a type of [[shareware]] that lacks full functionality. |
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In '''mass media''': |
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*''[[Cripple Crow]]'', an album by [[Devendra Banhart]]. |
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*[[Cripple Fight]], an episode of ''[[South Park]]''. |
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*''[[Crippled Lucifer]]'', an album by [[Burning Witch]]. |
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*''[[The Crippled Masters]]'', a [[kung-fu]] film. |
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*[[Cripple Need Cane]], a rock band from Los Angeles. |
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*''[[The Cripple of Inishmaan]]'', an Irish play. |
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*''[[Hooky the Cripple]]'', a novel by [[Chopper Read]]. |
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* ''[[Cripple Clarence Lofton]]'', a blues artist. |
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{{disambig}} |
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== Other usages == |
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[[de:Krüppel]] |
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* The [[Crips]] street gang were so named when members started carrying a cane which gave the impression they were disabled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.corrections.com/articles/23876-crip-gang-knowledge|title="Crip" Gang Knowledge|website=www.corrections.com|access-date=2016-05-20|archive-date=24 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424040344/http://www.corrections.com/articles/23876-crip-gang-knowledge|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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[[fi:Vammainen]] |
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* A cripple is a [[trimmer (construction)|trimmer]] [[wall stud|stud]] or [[joist]] which is shorter than full-length.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.finehomebuilding.com/2001/03/15/anatomy-of-a-stud-framed-wall|title=Anatomy of a Stud-Framed Wall|date=2001-03-15|website=FineHomeBuilding|access-date=2016-05-20|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114002558/https://www.finehomebuilding.com/2001/03/15/anatomy-of-a-stud-framed-wall|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* A cripple is a goods wagon or a passenger coach which although safe to run on the railway, is not fit for use and requires a repair before it can be used in service. This could be a coal wagon with a hole in the floor (which would allow coal to fall out of the wagon), or a passenger coach with a broken window.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railway-technical.com/newglos.shtml|title=Glossary and Terminology|website=www.railway-technical.com|access-date=2016-05-20|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220720/http://www.railway-technical.com/newglos.shtml|archivedate=2014-10-07}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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[[Category:Pejorative terms for people with disabilities]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:33, 29 May 2024
A cripple is a person or animal with a physical disability, particularly one who is unable to walk because of an injury or illness. The word was recorded as early as 950 AD, and derives from the Proto-Germanic krupilaz.[1] The German and Dutch words Krüppel and kreupel are cognates.
By the 1970s, the word generally came to be regarded as pejorative when used for people with disabilities.[2][3][4][5] Cripple is also a transitive verb, meaning "cause a disability or inability". The word crippling is also used as an adjective. [6]
Reappropriation
[edit]In the same way that the term "queer" has been reappropriated by the gay rights movement, members of the disability rights movement have reclaimed words such as "cripple", "crip", and "gimp" to refer to themselves.[5][7] The cripple tribunal in Dortmund on 13 December 1981 was one of the main protest actions of the autonomous German disability movement (in confrontation with the established disability assistance) against human rights abuses in nursing homes and psychiatric hospitals, as well as against deficiencies of local public transport. Analogous to the Russell Tribunal by Amnesty International, the cripple tribunal has denounced human rights violations of disabled people.[8]
Other usages
[edit]- The Crips street gang were so named when members started carrying a cane which gave the impression they were disabled.[9]
- A cripple is a trimmer stud or joist which is shorter than full-length.[10]
- A cripple is a goods wagon or a passenger coach which although safe to run on the railway, is not fit for use and requires a repair before it can be used in service. This could be a coal wagon with a hole in the floor (which would allow coal to fall out of the wagon), or a passenger coach with a broken window.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ Online Etymology Dictionary
- ^ E. Eric John Miller; G. Geraldine V. Gwynne (1 January 1972). A Life Apart: A Pilot Study of Residential Institutions for the Physically Handicapped and the Young Chronic Sick. Taylor & Francis. pp. 41–. ISBN 9780422739108. GGKEY:QCP9JKZ8RPE. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Barry Levy; Victor Sidel (25 August 2005). Social Injustice and Public Health. Oxford University Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-0-19-988375-2. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Reginald Nettles; Rochelle Balter (2011). Multiple Minority Identities: Applications for Practice, Research, and Training. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-0-8261-0703-9. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ a b John Richardson; Justin Powell (17 May 2011). Comparing Special Education: Origins to Contemporary Paradoxes. Stanford University Press. pp. 264–. ISBN 978-0-8047-7913-5. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ "Crippling Definition & Meaning". Dictionary.com.
- ^ Susan Baglieri; Arthur H. Shapiro (2012). Disability Studies and the Inclusive Classroom: Critical Practices for Creating Least Restrictive Attitudes. Routledge. pp. 49–. ISBN 978-0-415-99372-2. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ cripple tribunal on disabilityworld.org Archived 2010-11-23 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2012-01-21
- ^ ""Crip" Gang Knowledge". www.corrections.com. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ^ "Anatomy of a Stud-Framed Wall". FineHomeBuilding. 15 March 2001. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
- ^ "Glossary and Terminology". www.railway-technical.com. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
Look up cripple in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.