Northern Eastern Sudanic languages: Difference between revisions

Northern Eastern Sudanic
Northern Eastern Sudanic
Astaboran
(undemonstrated)
Geographic; distribution	Sudan, Eritrea, Egypt, Chad
Linguistic classification	Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Northern Eastern Sudanic; ;
Proto-language	Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic
Subdivisions	Nubian; Nara; Taman; Nyima; Meroitic? †;
Language codes
Glottolog	None

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Latest revision as of 17:20, 29 May 2024

The Northern Eastern Sudanic, Eastern k Sudanic, Ek Sudanic, NNT or Astaboran languages may form a primary division of the proposed Eastern Sudanic family. They are characterised by having a /k/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the Southern Eastern Sudanic languages, which have an /n/. Nyima has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of Ek Sudanic rather than Ek Sudanic proper.

The most well-known language of this group is Nubian. According to Claude Rilly, the ancient Meroitic language appears on limited evidence to be closely related to the languages of this group.

A reconstruction of Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic has also been proposed by Rilly (2010).^[1]

Internal classification

Rilly (2009:2)^[2] provides the following internal structure for the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages.

Northern East Sudanic
- Nyima: Nyimang, Afitti
- Taman: Tama, Mararit
- Nara-Nubian
  - Nara
  - Meroitic-Nubian
    - Meroitic
    - Nubian
      - Western Nubian
        Birgid
        
        Midob, Kordofan Nubian
      - Nile Nubian
        Old Dongolawi, Kenuzi, Dongolawi
        
        Old Nubian, Nobiin

External relationships

Based on morphological evidence such as tripartite number marking on nominals, Roger Blench (2021) suggests that the Maban languages may be closely related.^[3]

References

^ Rilly, Claude (2010). Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique (in French). Leuven: Peeters Publishers. pp. 347–349. ISBN 978-9042922372.
^ Rilly, Claude (June 4–7, 2009). From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile: The quest for water and the diffusion of Northern East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE. ECAS 2009 (3rd European Conference on African Studies). Leipzig.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.

Bender, M. L. (2000). "Nilo-Saharan". In Heine, Bernd; Nurse, Derek (eds.). African Languages: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Starostin, George (2015). "The Eastern Sudanic hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs". Draft 1.0.
Starostin, George (2015). Jazyki Afriki. Opyt postrojenija leksikostatističeskoj klassifikacii. Tom II. Vostočnosudanskije jazyki Языки Африки. Опыт построения лексикостатистической классификации. Том II. Восточносуданские языки [The Languages of Africa. The experience of building a lexiostatistical classification.] (in Russian). Vol. II: The Eastern Sudanic Languages. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture. ISBN 9785457890718.

[1] Rilly, Claude (2010). Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique (in French). Leuven: Peeters Publishers. pp. 347–349. ISBN 978-9042922372.

[2] Rilly, Claude (June 4–7, 2009). From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile: The quest for water and the diffusion of Northern East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE. ECAS 2009 (3rd European Conference on African Studies). Leipzig.{{cite conference}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[Blench-3] Blench, Roger. 2021. The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Language family}}
 {{Infobox language family
 |name=Northern Eastern Sudanic
 |altname=Astaboran
+|acceptance=undemonstrated
 |region=[[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Egypt]], [[Chad]]
 |familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
@@ Line 9: / Line 11: @@
 |child3=[[Taman languages|Taman]]
 |child1=[[Nubian languages|Nubian]]
-|child5=? [[Meroitic language|Meroitic]] {{extinct}}
+|child5=[[Meroitic language|Meroitic]]? {{extinct}}
+|protoname=[[Wiktionary:Appendix: Northern Eastern Sudanic reconstructions|Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic]]
 |glotto=none
 }}
-The '''Northern Eastern Sudanic''', '''Eastern ''k'' Sudanic''', '''''Ek'' Sudanic''', '''NNT''' or '''Astaboran''' languages may form a primary division of the yet-to-be-demonstrated [[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic family]]. They are characterised by having a /[[velar consonant|k]]/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the [[Southern Eastern Sudanic languages|Southern Eastern Sudanic]] languages, which have an /[[alveolar nasal|n]]/. [[Nyima languages|Nyima]] has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of ''Ek'' Sudanic rather than ''Ek'' Sudanic proper.
+The '''Northern Eastern Sudanic''', '''Eastern ''k'' Sudanic''', '''''Ek'' Sudanic''', '''NNT''' or '''Astaboran''' languages may form a primary division of the proposed [[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic family]]. They are characterised by having a /[[velar consonant|k]]/ in the first person singular pronoun "I/me", as opposed to the [[Southern Eastern Sudanic languages|Southern Eastern Sudanic]] languages, which have an /[[alveolar nasal|n]]/. [[Nyima languages|Nyima]] has yet to be conclusively linked to the other languages, and would appear to be the closest relative of ''Ek'' Sudanic rather than ''Ek'' Sudanic proper.
-The most well-known language of this group is [[Old Nubian language|Nubian]]. According to [[Claude Rilly]], the ancient [[Meroitic language]] appears on limited evidence to be closest to languages of this group.
+The most well-known language of this group is [[Old Nubian language|Nubian]]. According to [[Claude Rilly]], the ancient [[Meroitic language]] appears on limited evidence to be closely related to the languages of this group.
-A reconstruction of Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic has also been proposed by Rilly (2010: 347-349).<ref>Rilly, Claude. 2010. ''Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique''. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. {{ISBN|978-9042922372}}</ref>
+A reconstruction of Proto-Northern Eastern Sudanic has also been proposed by Rilly (2010).<ref>{{cite book |last=Rilly |first=Claude |year=2010 |title=Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique |language=fr |location=Leuven |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-9042922372 |pages=347–349}}</ref>
 ==Internal classification==
-Rilly (2009:2)<ref>Rilly, Claude. 2009. ''From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile: The quest for water and the diffusion of Northern East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE''. Paper presented at ECAS 2009 (3rd European Conference on African Studies, Panel 142: African waters - water in Africa, barriers, paths, and resources: their impact on language, literature and history of people) in Leipzig, 4 to 7 June 2009.</ref> provides the following internal structure for the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages.
+Rilly (2009:2)<ref>{{cite conference |last=Rilly |first=Claude |year=2009 |title=From the Yellow Nile to the Blue Nile: The quest for water and the diffusion of Northern East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE |conference=ECAS 2009 (3rd European Conference on African Studies) |location=Leipzig |date=June 4–7, 2009}}</ref> provides the following internal structure for the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages.
-;Northern East Sudanic
+{{tree list}}
-*[[Nyima languages|Nyima]]: Nyimang, Afitti
+*'''Northern East Sudanic'''
-*[[Taman languages|Taman]]: Tama, Mararit
+**[[Nyima languages|Nyima]]: Nyimang, Afitti
-*Nara-Nubian
+**[[Taman languages|Taman]]: Tama, Mararit
-**[[Nara language|Nara]]
-**Meroitic-Nubian
+**Nara-Nubian
-***[[Meroitic language|Meroitic]]
+***[[Nara language|Nara]]
-***[[Nubian languages|Nubian]]
+***Meroitic-Nubian
+****[[Meroitic language|Meroitic]]
-****Western Nubian
+****[[Nubian languages|Nubian]]
-*****Birgid
-*****Midob, Kordofan Nubian
+*****Western Nubian
-****Nile Nubian
+******Birgid
-*****Old Dongolawi, Kenuzi, Dongolawi
+******Midob, Kordofan Nubian
-*****Old Nubian, Nobiin
+*****Nile Nubian
+******Old Dongolawi, Kenuzi, Dongolawi
+******Old Nubian, Nobiin
+{{tree list/end}}
 ==External relationships==
@@ Line 45: / Line 51: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
-* M. L. Bender, 2000. "Nilo-Saharan". In ''African Languages: An Introduction'', edited by Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse. Cambridge University Press.
+* {{Cite book |last=Bender |first=M. L. |title=African Languages: An Introduction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |editor-last=Heine |editor-first=Bernd |chapter=Nilo-Saharan |editor-last2=Nurse |editor-first2=Derek}}
-*George Starostin (2015) [https://www.academia.edu/10615385/The_Eastern_Sudanic_hypothesis_tested_through_lexicostatistics_current_state_of_affairs The Eastern Sudanic hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs] (Draft 1.0)
+* {{Cite web |last=Starostin |first=George |year=2015 |title=The Eastern Sudanic hypothesis tested through lexicostatistics: current state of affairs |url=https://www.academia.edu/10615385 |version=Draft 1.0}}
-*{{cite book|last=Starostin|first=George|date=2015|title=Языки Африки. Опыт построения лексикостатистической классификации. Том II. Восточносуданские языки|trans-title=The Languages of Africa. The experience of building a lexiostatistical classification.|volume=II: The Eastern Sudanic Languages|language=Russian|location=Moscow|publisher=Languages of Slavic culture|isbn=9785457890718}}
+*{{Cite book |last=Starostin |first=George |title=Jazyki Afriki. Opyt postrojenija leksikostatističeskoj klassifikacii. Tom II. Vostočnosudanskije jazyki |date=2015 |publisher=Languages of Slavic culture |isbn=9785457890718 |volume=II: The Eastern Sudanic Languages |location=Moscow |language=Russian |script-title=ru:Языки Африки. Опыт построения лексикостатистической классификации. Том II. Восточносуданские языки |trans-title=The Languages of Africa. The experience of building a lexiostatistical classification.}}
 {{Eastern Sudanic languages}}

Latest revision as of 17:20, 29 May 2024

Internal classification

External relationships

See also

References