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{{short description|North Indian cyclone in 2011}}
{{short description|North Indian cyclone in 2011}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone
{{Infobox weather event
| Name=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
| name = Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
⚫
| image = Thane 2011 Dec 29 0735Z.jpg
| Type=tropical cyclone
⚫
| caption = Cyclone Thane near peak intensity on December 29
⚫
| Year=2011
⚫
| formed = December 25, 2011
| Basin=NIO
⚫
| dissipated = December 31, 2011
⚫
| Image location=Thane 2011 Dec 29 0735Z.jpg
}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD
⚫
| Image name=Cyclone Thane near peak intensity on December 29
⚫
| winds = 75
⚫
| Formed=December 25, 2011
| pressure = 969
⚫
| Dissipated=December 31, 2011
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
⚫
| 3-min winds=75
| 1-min winds=90
| winds = 90
| pressure = 956
| Pressure=969
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
⚫
| Areas=Cuddalore,Southern India, Sri Lanka
⚫
| year = 2011
⚫
| Fatalities=48 total<ref name=reliefweb>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/cyclone-thane-kills-48-thousands-affected-indian-floods|title=Cyclone Thane kills 48 as thousands affected by Indian floods - India}}</ref>
| fatalities = 48
| Damages=235
⚫
| areas = Southern India, Sri Lanka
⚫
| Hurricane season=[[2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
| damage = 235000000
⚫
| refs = <ref name=reliefweb>{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/india/cyclone-thane-kills-48-thousands-affected-indian-floods|title=Cyclone Thane kills 48 as thousands affected by Indian floods - India}}</ref>
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
⚫
| season = [[2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane''' was the strongest [[tropical cyclone]] of 2011 within the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Thane initially developed as a tropical disturbance within the [[monsoon trough]] to the west of [[Indonesia]]. Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, and was declared a Depression during December 25, before being named Cyclonic Storm ''Thane'' the next day. Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a [[subtropical ridge]] of [[high pressure]] before its development slowed during December 27, as a strong outflow and marginally favourable [[sea surface temperature]]s fought with persistent [[vertical wind shear]]. After its development had slowed during December 27, Thane became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm during December 28, before as it approached the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]], it weakened slightly. Thane then made landfall early on December 30, on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and rapidly weakened into a depression.

⚫
'''Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane''' was the strongest [[tropical cyclone]] of 2011 within the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Thane initially developed as a tropical disturbance within the [[monsoon trough]] to the west of [[Indonesia]]. Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, and was declared a Depression during December 25, before being named Cyclonic Storm ''Thane'' the next day. Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a [[subtropical ridge]] of [[high pressure]] before its development slowed during December 27, as a strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent [[vertical wind shear]]. After its development had slowed during December 27, Thane became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm during December 28, before as it approached the Indian states of [[Tamil Nadu]], it weakened slightly. Thane then made landfall early on December 30, on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and rapidly weakened into a depression.


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Thane 2011 track.png}}
{{storm path|Thane 2011 track.png}}
On December 23, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] <small>(JTWC)</small> reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the [[monsoon trough]] about 1540&nbsp;km (960&nbsp;mi) to the east of [[Medan]] in [[Indonesia]].<ref name="STWA 12/23">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/648qKk5Xg?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-23 03z|archivedate=2011-12-23|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref><ref name="STWA 12/24">{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-24 03z|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64AckF6J2?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABIO10-PGTW_201112240300.htm|accessdate=2011-12-28|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|archivedate=2011-12-24}}</ref> Convection surrounding the system had started to consolidate over a weak low level circulation centre, that was being fed by an enhanced westerly flow associated with the precursor system to [[2011–12 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season#Tropical Cyclone Benilde|Tropical Cyclone Benilde]].<ref name="STWA 12/23"/><ref name="STWA 12/24"/> Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, with a [[Madden–Julian oscillation]] increasing the system [[boundary layer]]s rotation.<ref name="STWA 12/24"/> The JTWC then issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on the system during December 25 before designating as Tropical Cyclone 06B later that day as 1-minute wind speeds near the centre reached {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} which is equivalent to a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force Arjun.V B.Tech IT |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64C9h0hzl?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio21.pgtw..txt |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio21.pgtw..txt |archivedate=2011-12-25 |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2011-12-25 11z |date=2011-12-25 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |accessdate=2011-12-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112252100.htm |accessdate=2011-12-30 |title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-25 21z |date=2011-12-25 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64DVzNKSO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112252100.htm |archivedate=December 26, 2011 }}</ref> The [[India Meteorological Department]] <small>(IMD)</small> also reported during December 25 that the disturbance had organised sufficiently to be declared Depression BOB&nbsp;05, while it was located about {{convert|1000|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the southeast of [[Chennai, India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-25 15z |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64CfZv7Av?url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archivedate=2011-12-25 |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On December 23, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] <small>(JTWC)</small> reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the [[monsoon trough]] about 1540&nbsp;km (960&nbsp;mi) to the east of [[Medan]] in [[Indonesia]].<ref name="STWA 12/23">{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101121351/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-23 03z|archivedate=2012-01-01|url-status=dead|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref><ref name="STWA 12/24">{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-24 03z|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abioweb.txt|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062455/https://www.webcitation.org/64AckF6J2?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABIO10-PGTW_201112240300.htm|accessdate=2011-12-28|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|url-status=dead|archivedate=2024-05-22}}</ref> Convection surrounding the system had started to consolidate over a weak low level circulation centre, that was being fed by an enhanced westerly flow associated with the precursor system to [[2011–12 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season#Tropical Cyclone Benilde|Tropical Cyclone Benilde]].<ref name="STWA 12/23"/><ref name="STWA 12/24"/> Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, with a [[Madden–Julian oscillation]] increasing the system [[boundary layer]]s rotation.<ref name="STWA 12/24"/> The JTWC then issued a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]] on the system during December 25 before designating as Tropical Cyclone 06B later that day as 1-minute wind speeds near the centre reached {{convert|65|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} which is equivalent to a tropical storm.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force Arjun.V B.Tech IT |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021124226/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio21.pgtw..txt |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio21.pgtw..txt |archivedate=2011-10-21 |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2011-12-25 11z |date=2011-12-25 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |accessdate=2011-12-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112252100.htm |accessdate=2011-12-30 |title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-25 21z |date=2011-12-25 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062534/https://www.webcitation.org/64DVzNKSO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112252100.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> The [[India Meteorological Department]] <small>(IMD)</small> also reported during December 25 that the disturbance had organised sufficiently to be declared Depression BOB&nbsp;05, while it was located about {{convert|1000|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the southeast of [[Chennai, India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-25 15z |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106212829/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.htm |archivedate=2012-01-06 |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Early on December 26, the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|Deep Depression]], before later that day reporting that it had intensified into a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|cyclonic storm]] and named it Thane.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 03z |archivedate=2011-12-26 |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64DWbWxTO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20%28RSMC%29_201112260400.htm |publisher=India Meteorological Department |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-12-29 |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 21z |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112262100.htm |date=2011-12-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64F30IlgZ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20%28RSMC%29_201112262100.htm |archivedate=December 27, 2011 }}</ref> As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed as strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent easterly vertical wind shear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112262100.htm |title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 03z |date=2011-12-27 |accessdate=2011-12-30 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64F3R0gIx?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112262100.htm |archivedate=December 27, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112280300.htm |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 03z |date=2011-12-28 |accessdate=2011-12-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64GUI85G8?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112280300.htm |archivedate=December 28, 2011 }}</ref> Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that Thane had become equivalent to a category one hurricane on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]] with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, while an [[Eye|eye feature]] had become visible on microwave imagery.<ref>{{cite web|title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 09z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0611web.txt |accessdate=2011-12-29 |date=2011-12-28 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64GlU1qpN?url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0611web.txt |archivedate=December 28, 2011 }}</ref> Later that day the IMD reported that Thane had become the first [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|Very Severe Cyclonic Storm]] of the season, with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=IMD Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:15 2011-12-28 15Z |work=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112281500.htm |date=2011-12-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64GsbOn1J?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20%28RSMC%29_201112281500.htm |archivedate=December 28, 2011 }}</ref> During December 28, Thane continued to intensify, and developed a small [[pinhole eye]] of about 20&nbsp;km (10&nbsp;mi), before the JTWC reported that Thane had peaked early on December 29 with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2011/2011s-bio/bio062011.dat|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Best Track Analysis|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|date=2012-05-05|accessdate=2012-05-05|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |accessdate=2011-12-29 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64I0HaMTf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |archivedate=December 29, 2011 }}</ref> The IMD then followed suit and reported that the system had peaked as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112290700.htm |publisher=India Meteorological Department |title=Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:20 2011-12-29 06z |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64I00W2zR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20%28RSMC%29_201112290700.htm |archivedate=December 29, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/THANE.pdf |title=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "Thane" over the Bay of Bengal (December 25–31, 2011) |accessdate=2012-01-09 |date=2012-01-03 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66aJcrlcw?url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/THANE.pdf |archivedate=2012-03-31 |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the rest of that day, the system continued to move westwards and weakened slightly as it started to interact with land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |accessdate=2011-12-29 |work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64I0HaMTf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |archivedate=December 29, 2011 }}</ref> Thane then made landfall as a borderline very severe cyclonic storm during December 30 on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry. After it had made landfall, frictional forces made Thane rapidly weaken into a depression. As a result, the JTWC issued their final advisory during December 30, while the IMD continued to monitor the remnants of Thane until the depression weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area early on December 31.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.html |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64KoCl7UT?url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |title=Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:37 2011-12-31 03z |archivedate=2011-12-31 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Early on December 26, the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|Deep Depression]], before later that day reporting that it had intensified into a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|cyclonic storm]] and named it Thane.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 03z |archivedate=2024-05-22 |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.pdf |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062615/https://www.webcitation.org/64DWbWxTO?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112260400.htm |publisher=India Meteorological Department |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-12-29 |title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 21z |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112262100.htm |date=2011-12-26 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062656/https://www.webcitation.org/64F30IlgZ?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112262100.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed as strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent easterly vertical wind shear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112262100.htm |title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 03z |date=2011-12-27 |accessdate=2011-12-30 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062733/https://www.webcitation.org/64F3R0gIx?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112262100.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112280300.htm |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 03z |date=2011-12-28 |accessdate=2011-12-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062937/https://www.webcitation.org/64GUI85G8?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112280300.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that Thane had become equivalent to a category one hurricane on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]] with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, while an [[Eye|eye feature]] had become visible on microwave imagery.<ref>{{cite web|title=JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 09z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0611web.txt |accessdate=2011-12-29 |date=2011-12-28 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062817/https://www.webcitation.org/64GlU1qpN?url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/warnings/io0611web.txt |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> Later that day the IMD reported that Thane had become the first [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|Very Severe Cyclonic Storm]] of the season, with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=IMD Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:15 2011-12-28 15Z |work=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112281500.htm |date=2011-12-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522062857/https://www.webcitation.org/64GsbOn1J?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112281500.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> During December 28, Thane continued to intensify, and developed a small [[pinhole eye]] of about 20&nbsp;km (10&nbsp;mi), before the JTWC reported that Thane had peaked early on December 29 with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of {{convert|165|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2011/2011s-bio/bio062011.dat|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Best Track Analysis|author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|date=2012-05-05|accessdate=2012-05-05|publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force|archive-date=2012-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608224715/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/best_tracks/2011/2011s-bio/bio062011.dat|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |accessdate=2011-12-29 |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522063056/https://www.webcitation.org/64I0HaMTf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> The IMD then followed suit and reported that the system had peaked as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112290700.htm |publisher=India Meteorological Department |title=Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:20 2011-12-29 06z |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522063018/https://www.webcitation.org/64I00W2zR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/IMD%20Advisory-Outlook%20(RSMC)_201112290700.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/THANE.pdf |title=Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "Thane" over the Bay of Bengal (December 25–31, 2011) |accessdate=2012-01-09 |date=2012-01-03 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924073808/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/THANE.pdf |archivedate=2013-09-24 |author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the rest of that day, the system continued to move westwards and weakened slightly as it started to interact with land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |publisher=United States Navy, United States Air Force |accessdate=2011-12-29 |work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240522063056/https://www.webcitation.org/64I0HaMTf?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31-PGTW_201112290900.htm |archivedate=May 22, 2024 }}</ref> Thane then made landfall as a borderline very severe cyclonic storm during December 30 on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry. After it had made landfall, frictional forces made Thane rapidly weaken into a depression. As a result, the JTWC issued their final advisory during December 30, while the IMD continued to monitor the remnants of Thane until the depression weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area early on December 31.<ref>{{cite web|author=Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India |publisher=India Meteorological Department |accessdate=2011-12-29 |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/rsmc.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111222014118/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cwind.htm |title=Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:37 2011-12-31 03z |archivedate=2011-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Preparations and Impact==
==Preparations and impact==
<!-- As per media /Govt reports, 46 persons died due to the VSCS “Thane” in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. The samba crop grown in 1700 hectares in Thanjavur district; 2000 hectares in Tiruvarur district; Paddy crop ,in Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Kanchipuram, parts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Thiruvallur were affected besides sugarcane in 6000 hectares and coconut in about 500 hectares. In Salem district, many acres of tapioca, betel nuts, and banana crops were also affected. When the storm crossed the coast, heavy rains accompanied by squally winds speed reaching 140 Kmph uprooted trees, electric posts, disrupted power supply and transport services in Cuddalore district and Puducherry. Due to wind and rain, 793 trees more than 35 years old in the roadside were uprooted In the cyclone affected coastal areas. Around 6000 persons in Cuddalore, Villupuram, and Nagapattinam, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and low level areas were shifted to shelters. Besides, the supply of water, milk, diesel and kerosene has been affected and essential commodities go scarce in Cuddalore district and Puducherry. In Puducherry the storm has caused considerable loss to the Tourism Industry and the Silver beach in Cuddalore has been reduced to a strip as sea erosion caused the coast leaving little space for the sand. About 73292 thatched houses were fully damaged and 94633 houses were partially damaged by wind and rain in the various affected districts of the state. In agricultural sector, paddy crop in 58,200 hectares; sugarcane in 5,752; groundnut in 1,402; black gram in 945; coconut in 490 hectares were damaged in the entire cyclone affected areas. In horticultural sector, cashew in 23,500 hectares; banana plantation in 2,860; Jackfruit in 340; vegetables in 320; Mango trees in 317; Guava in 270; flowers in 250; betel nuts in 128; tuber in 73; amla in 12 hectares were damaged. In Cuddalore district alone 4500 electric poles, 4500 transformer, 27 electric towers were damaged. Electric wire in 10,500 Km length was damaged. The damages are worked out to be 1300 to 1500 crores. In fishing sector, in the coastal villages of Cuddalore and Puducherry, 240 country boats; 67 numbers motorized boats; 58 catamarans and four mechanized boats were fully damaged. In the cyclone affected coastal areas, 1,430 catamarans; 106 motor boats; 101 mechanised boats and 16 country boats were partially damaged. Apart from this damage 1,94,000 fishing nets and 1262 engines were damaged. In animal husbandry sector, 47 Cows; 32 Calves; 9 Buffaloes; 5 Buffaloes calves and 4 Bullocks were dead. About 52,938 Chickens; 6200 Kadai; 1000 ducks and 246 goats also perished.
<!-- As per media /Govt reports, 46 persons died due to the VSCS “Thane” in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. The samba crop grown in 1700 hectares in Thanjavur district; 2000 hectares in Tiruvarur district; Paddy crop ,in Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Kanchipuram, parts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Thiruvallur were affected besides sugarcane in 6000 hectares and coconut in about 500 hectares. In Salem district, many acres of tapioca, betel nuts, and banana crops were also affected. When the storm crossed the coast, heavy rains accompanied by squally winds speed reaching 140 Kmph uprooted trees, electric posts, disrupted power supply and transport services in Cuddalore district and Puducherry. Due to wind and rain, 793 trees more than 35 years old in the roadside were uprooted In the cyclone affected coastal areas. Around 6000 persons in Cuddalore, Villupuram, and Nagapattinam, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts and low level areas were shifted to shelters. Besides, the supply of water, milk, diesel and kerosene has been affected and essential commodities go scarce in Cuddalore district and Puducherry. In Puducherry the storm has caused considerable loss to the Tourism Industry and the Silver beach in Cuddalore has been reduced to a strip as sea erosion caused the coast leaving little space for the sand. About 73292 thatched houses were fully damaged and 94633 houses were partially damaged by wind and rain in the various affected districts of the state. In agricultural sector, paddy crop in 58,200 hectares; sugarcane in 5,752; groundnut in 1,402; black gram in 945; coconut in 490 hectares were damaged in the entire cyclone affected areas. In horticultural sector, cashew in 23,500 hectares; banana plantation in 2,860; Jackfruit in 340; vegetables in 320; Mango trees in 317; Guava in 270; flowers in 250; betel nuts in 128; tuber in 73; amla in 12 hectares were damaged. In Cuddalore district alone 4500 electric poles, 4500 transformer, 27 electric towers were damaged. Electric wire in 10,500 Km length was damaged. The damages are worked out to be 1300 to 1500 crores. In fishing sector, in the coastal villages of Cuddalore and Puducherry, 240 country boats; 67 numbers motorized boats; 58 catamarans and four mechanized boats were fully damaged. In the cyclone affected coastal areas, 1,430 catamarans; 106 motor boats; 101 mechanised boats and 16 country boats were partially damaged. Apart from this damage 1,94,000 fishing nets and 1262 engines were damaged. In animal husbandry sector, 47 Cows; 32 Calves; 9 Buffaloes; 5 Buffaloes calves and 4 Bullocks were dead. About 52,938 Chickens; 6200 Kadai; 1000 ducks and 246 goats also perished.
-->
-->
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===Tamil Nadu and Puducherry===
===Tamil Nadu and Puducherry===
[[File:Thaneinpuducherry.jpg|thumb|A tree uprooted by Thane in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]]]
[[File:Thaneinpuducherry.jpg|thumb|A tree uprooted by Thane in [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]]]
Forty eight people were killed by Cyclone Thane.<ref name=reliefweb/> About 7 deaths were reported in Puducherry and 39 people were reported dead in [[Cuddalore]]. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected by Thane. The storm made Cuddalore inaccessible by damaging road network and the [[National Disaster Response Force]] and fire and rescue services had difficulty in reaching the cyclone affected fishing hamlets.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Deccan Herald|location=Chennai, India|date=December 31, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2011|title=Cyclone Thane toll now 46, life limps back to normalcy|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/215729/life-limping-back-cyclone-thanes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211549/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/215729/life-limping-back-cyclone-thanes.html|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref>
Forty eight people were killed by Cyclone Thane.<ref name=reliefweb/> About 9 deaths were reported in Puducherry and 39 people were reported dead in [[Cuddalore]]. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected by Thane. The storm made Cuddalore inaccessible by damaging road network and the [[National Disaster Response Force]] and fire and rescue services had difficulty in reaching the cyclone affected fishing hamlets.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Deccan Herald|location=Chennai, India|date=December 31, 2011|accessdate=December 31, 2011|title=Cyclone Thane toll now 46, life limps back to normalcy|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/215729/life-limping-back-cyclone-thanes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211549/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/215729/life-limping-back-cyclone-thanes.html|archivedate=2016-03-04}}</ref>


Fishing activities had come to a complete halt in the cities of [[Chennai]], [[Tiruvallur]] and [[Kanchipuram]] in the wake of the storm after the warnings by the weather department were received. About 10,000 fishing boats were moved to safer locations in all fishing hamlets in these areas. [[Chennai Corporation]] kept its four permanent relief centers ([[Basin Bridge]], Chintadripet, Gopalapuram and [[Perambur]] Barracks Road) ready to accommodate people in case of evacuation due to torrential rains. People from low-lying areas were shifted to community centers with adequate arrangements of food and medical round the clock.<ref name="Thane on TruthDive">{{cite news|last=Prasad|first=Ayyappa|title=Cyclone Thane: 700 fishermen stranded|url=http://truthdive.com/2011/12/29/cyclone-thane-700-fishermen-stranded.html|accessdate=December 29, 2011|newspaper=TruthDive|date=2011-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914183401/http://truthdive.com/2011/12/29/cyclone-thane-700-fishermen-stranded.html|archivedate=2013-09-14|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
Fishing activities had come to a complete halt in the cities of [[Chennai]], [[Tiruvallur]] and [[Kanchipuram]] in the wake of the storm after the warnings by the weather department were received. About 10,000 fishing boats were moved to safer locations in all fishing hamlets in these areas. [[Chennai Corporation]] kept its four permanent relief centers ([[Basin Bridge]], Chintadripet, Gopalapuram and [[Perambur]] Barracks Road) ready to accommodate people in case of evacuation due to torrential rains. People from low-lying areas were shifted to community centers with adequate arrangements of food and medical round the clock.<ref name="Thane on TruthDive">{{cite news|last=Prasad|first=Ayyappa|title=Cyclone Thane: 700 fishermen stranded|url=http://truthdive.com/2011/12/29/cyclone-thane-700-fishermen-stranded.html|accessdate=December 29, 2011|newspaper=TruthDive|date=2011-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914183401/http://truthdive.com/2011/12/29/cyclone-thane-700-fishermen-stranded.html|archivedate=2013-09-14|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
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==See also==
==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
*[[Cyclone Vardah]]
*[[Cyclone Vardah]]
*[[Cyclone Jal]]
*[[Cyclone Jal]]
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{{Commons category|Cyclone Thane}}
{{Commons category|Cyclone Thane}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center]
*[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ Joint Typhoon Warning Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809201922/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/ |date=2015-08-09 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042435/http://www.cdrn.org.in/ Corporate Disaster Resource Network, India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042435/http://www.cdrn.org.in/ Corporate Disaster Resource Network, India]
*[http://www.rapidresponse.org.in Rapid Response, India]
*[http://www.rapidresponse.org.in Rapid Response, India]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 30 May 2024

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane
Cyclone Thane near peak intensity on December 29
Meteorological history
FormedDecember 25, 2011
DissipatedDecember 31, 2011
Very severe cyclonic storm
3-minute sustained (IMD)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure969 hPa (mbar); 28.61 inHg
Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure956 hPa (mbar); 28.23 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities48
Damage$235 million (2011 USD)
Areas affectedSouthern India, Sri Lanka
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata / [1]
Part of the 2011 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Thane was the strongest tropical cyclone of 2011 within the Bay of Bengal. Thane initially developed as a tropical disturbance within the monsoon trough to the west of Indonesia. Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, and was declared a Depression during December 25, before being named Cyclonic Storm Thane the next day. Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed during December 27, as a strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent vertical wind shear. After its development had slowed during December 27, Thane became a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm during December 28, before as it approached the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, it weakened slightly. Thane then made landfall early on December 30, on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry and rapidly weakened into a depression.

Meteorological history

[edit]
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On December 23, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that a tropical disturbance had developed within the monsoon trough about 1540 km (960 mi) to the east of Medan in Indonesia.[2][3] Convection surrounding the system had started to consolidate over a weak low level circulation centre, that was being fed by an enhanced westerly flow associated with the precursor system to Tropical Cyclone Benilde.[2][3] Over the next couple of days the disturbance gradually developed further while moving towards the northwest, with a Madden–Julian oscillation increasing the system boundary layers rotation.[3] The JTWC then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system during December 25 before designating as Tropical Cyclone 06B later that day as 1-minute wind speeds near the centre reached 65 km/h (40 mph) which is equivalent to a tropical storm.[4][5] The India Meteorological Department (IMD) also reported during December 25 that the disturbance had organised sufficiently to be declared Depression BOB 05, while it was located about 1,000 km (620 mi) to the southeast of Chennai, India.[6]

Early on December 26, the IMD reported that the depression had intensified into a Deep Depression, before later that day reporting that it had intensified into a cyclonic storm and named it Thane.[7][8] As it was named, Thane started to turn towards the west under the influence of a subtropical ridge of high pressure before its development slowed as strong outflow and marginally favourable sea surface temperatures fought with persistent easterly vertical wind shear.[9][10] Early on December 28, the JTWC reported that Thane had become equivalent to a category one hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with 1-minute sustained windspeeds of 120 km/h (75 mph), while an eye feature had become visible on microwave imagery.[11] Later that day the IMD reported that Thane had become the first Very Severe Cyclonic Storm of the season, with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 120 km/h (75 mph).[12] During December 28, Thane continued to intensify, and developed a small pinhole eye of about 20 km (10 mi), before the JTWC reported that Thane had peaked early on December 29 with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 165 km/h (105 mph).[13][14] The IMD then followed suit and reported that the system had peaked as a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm with 3-minute sustained windspeeds of 140 km/h (85 mph).[15][16] During the rest of that day, the system continued to move westwards and weakened slightly as it started to interact with land.[17] Thane then made landfall as a borderline very severe cyclonic storm during December 30 on the north Tamil Nadu coast between Cuddalore and Puducherry. After it had made landfall, frictional forces made Thane rapidly weaken into a depression. As a result, the JTWC issued their final advisory during December 30, while the IMD continued to monitor the remnants of Thane until the depression weakened into a well-marked low-pressure area early on December 31.[18]

Preparations and impact

[edit]

Tamil Nadu and Puducherry

[edit]
A tree uprooted by Thane in Puducherry

Forty eight people were killed by Cyclone Thane.[1] About 9 deaths were reported in Puducherry and 39 people were reported dead in Cuddalore. Cuddalore and Puducherry were the worst affected by Thane. The storm made Cuddalore inaccessible by damaging road network and the National Disaster Response Force and fire and rescue services had difficulty in reaching the cyclone affected fishing hamlets.[19]

Fishing activities had come to a complete halt in the cities of Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kanchipuram in the wake of the storm after the warnings by the weather department were received. About 10,000 fishing boats were moved to safer locations in all fishing hamlets in these areas. Chennai Corporation kept its four permanent relief centers (Basin Bridge, Chintadripet, Gopalapuram and Perambur Barracks Road) ready to accommodate people in case of evacuation due to torrential rains. People from low-lying areas were shifted to community centers with adequate arrangements of food and medical round the clock.[20]

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa ordered the immediate release of ₹ 150 crore towards relief and restoration of infrastructure damaged by the Cyclone Thane. She also directed the District Collectors, Deputy Collectors and department Secretaries to assess the extent of the damage caused by Cyclone Thane.[21]

Andhra Pradesh

[edit]

700 fishermen were reported to be stranded near the Nizampatnam Bay area due to the rough sea conditions near the coast due to the cyclone. Owners had asked the government as well as the National Coast Guard for the fishermen's search and rescue after they could not communicate with them.[20]

The former chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy instructed all the district collectors of the concerned districts of the state, mainly Nellore and Prakasam districts to take all precautionary measures in anticipation of the approaching storm. APSRTC was asked to keep sufficient buses in reserve in case of evacuation of the people.[22] Officials reported that food stocks, drinking water, emergency power etc. were kept ready in reserves.[22]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Cyclone Thane kills 48 as thousands affected by Indian floods - India".
  2. ^ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-23 03z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2012-01-01. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  3. ^ a b c Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean 2011-12-24 03z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  4. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011-12-25). "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2011-12-25 11z". United States Navy, United States Air Force Arjun.V B.Tech IT. Archived from the original on 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  5. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011-12-25). "Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-25 21z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  6. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India. "Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-25 15z". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  7. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India. "Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 03z". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-05-22. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  8. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India (2011-12-26). "Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean 2011-12-26 21z". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  9. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011-12-27). "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 03z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  10. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011-12-28). "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 03z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  11. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2011-12-28). "JTWC Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-27 09z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  12. ^ "IMD Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:15 2011-12-28 15Z". Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India. India Meteorological Department. 2011-12-28. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  13. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2012-05-05). "Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Best Track Analysis". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on 2012-06-08. Retrieved 2012-05-05.
  14. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. "Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z". United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  15. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India. "Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:20 2011-12-29 06z". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  16. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India (2012-01-03). Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "Thane" over the Bay of Bengal (December 25–31, 2011) (PDF) (Report). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-24. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
  17. ^ "Tropical Cyclone 06B (Thane) Warning 2011-12-28 09z". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  18. ^ Regional Specialised Meteorological Center New Delhi, India. "Tropical Cyclone Thane Advisory Number:37 2011-12-31 03z". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 2011-12-22. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  19. ^ "Cyclone Thane toll now 46, life limps back to normalcy". Chennai, India: Deccan Herald. December 31, 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
  20. ^ a b Prasad, Ayyappa (2011-12-29). "Cyclone Thane: 700 fishermen stranded". TruthDive. Archived from the original on 2013-09-14. Retrieved December 29, 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  21. ^ "Jaya releases Rs 150 crore for cyclone relief". IBNLive. 2011-12-30. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  22. ^ a b IBN Live (2011-12-28). "Cyclone Thane: Food, medicines ready". IBN Live. Archived from the original on 2012-01-10. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
[edit]
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