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{{Short description|Subfamily of moths}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Sematurinae
| image =Acylasisis.JPG
| image = Acylasisis.JPG
| image_caption =''Mania'' sp., Ex coll. Felix Stumpe
| image_caption = ''[[Mania (moth)|Mania]]'' species from the collection of Felix Stumpe
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Sematurinae
| authority =
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| subdivision =
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
*''[[Coronidia]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small>
| superfamilia = [[Geometroidea]]
**=''Conoris'' <small>Berthold, 1827</small> [rejected name]
| familia = [[Sematuridae]]
**=''Larunda'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small> [junior homonym]
| subfamilia = '''Sematurinae'''
**=''Coronis'' <small>Latreille, 1829</small> [junior homonym]
| subfamilia_authority =
*''[[Homidiana]]'' <small>Strand, 1914</small>
| diversity = about 29[41] species
**=''Homidia'' <small>Strand, 1911</small> [junior homonym]
| diversity_link = Lepidopteran diversity
*''[[Mania (moth)|Mania]]'' <small>Hübner, 1821</small>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus (biology)|Genera]]
**=''Nothus'' <small>Billberg, 1820</small> [junior homonym of ''Nothus'' Ziegler in Oliver, 1811]
| subdivision = Genera
**=''Sematura'' <small>Dalman, 1825</small>
*''[[Coronidia]]'' Westwood, 1879
**=''Conoris'' Berthold, 1827 [Rejected name]
**=''Manidia'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small> [unnecessary replacement name]
*''[[Lonchotura]]'' <small>Hampson, 1918</small>
**=''Larunda'' Hübner, 1823 [Junior homonym]
*''[[Anurapteryx]]'' <small>Hampson, 1918</small>
**=''Coronis'' Latreille, 1829 [Junior homonym]
*''[[Homidiana]]'' Strand, 1914
**=''Homidia'' Strand, 1911 [Junior homonym]
*''[[Mania (genus)|Mania]]'' Hübner, 1821
**=''Nothus'' Billberg, 1820 [Junior homonym of ''Nothus'' Ziegler in Oliver, 1811]
**=''Sematura'' Dalman, 1825
**=''Manidia'' Westwood, 1879 [Unnecessary replacement name]
*''[[Lonchotura]]'' Hampson, 1918
*''[[Anurapteryx]]'' Hampson, 1918
&nbsp;'''Species''' - see "Provisional list of species"
}}
}}


'''Sematurinae''' is a [[subfamily]] of [[moth]]s in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Sematuridae]], represented by at least 29 species in the [[Neotropics]].
'''Sematurinae''' is a [[subfamily]] of [[moth]]s in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Sematuridae]] represented by at least 29 [[species]] in the [[Neotropics]].


==Taxonomy, classification and identification==
==Taxonomy, classification and identification==
'''Sematurinae''' has three principal [[genus|genera]], and possibly another two. The hindwing of ''Coronidia'' is distinguished by an iridescent blue band,<ref>{{cite web|author=Leptree.net |url=http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea |title=leptree.net |publisher=leptree.net |date=2007-01-27 |accessdate=2012-06-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120010033/http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea |archivedate=2016-01-20 |df= }}</ref> but ''Homidiana'' characteristically has pink, orange or yellow markings,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972 |title=sil.si.edu |publisher=sil.si.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> especially in females (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus ''Mania'' is large, brown and tailed, resembling to some extent the genus ''[[Uraniinae|Lyssa]]''. The approximately twelve other sematurid species in the genera ''Anurapteryx'' and ''Lonchotura'' are placed here for now (making about 41 species) but may not belong in this [[subfamily]]; one species, ''Anurapteryx crenulata'' reaches the subtropics of [[Arizona]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Sematuridae/A_crenulata.jpg |title=nitro.biosci.arizona.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The relationships within [[Sematuridae]] clearly need deeper investigation.
Sematurinae has three principal [[genus|genera]], and possibly another two. The hindwing of ''Coronidia'' is distinguished by an iridescent blue band,<ref>{{cite web|author=Leptree.net |url=http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea |title=leptree.net |publisher=leptree.net |date=2007-01-27 |accessdate=2012-06-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120010033/http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea |archivedate=2016-01-20 }}</ref> but ''Homidiana'' characteristically has pink, orange or yellow markings,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972 |title=sil.si.edu |publisher=sil.si.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> especially in females (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus ''Mania'' is large, brown and tailed, resembling to some extent the genus ''[[Lyssa (moth)|Lyssa]]''. The approximately twelve other sematurid species in the genera ''Anurapteryx'' and ''Lonchotura'' are placed here for now (making about 41 species) but may not belong in this subfamily; one species, ''Anurapteryx crenulata'' reaches the subtropics of [[Arizona]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Sematuridae/A_crenulata.jpg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020816064109/http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Sematuridae/A_crenulata.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-date=2002-08-16 |title=nitro.biosci.arizona.edu |accessdate=2012-06-12 }}</ref> (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The relationships within Sematuridae clearly need deeper investigation.


*Note: the name ''Nothus'' is preoccupied by a genus of [[Coleoptera]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uio.mbl.edu/pleary/Animalium/index.php?search=page&id=4418 |title=uio.mbl.edu |publisher=uio.mbl.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929204810/http://uio.mbl.edu/pleary/Animalium/index.php?search=page&id=4418 |archivedate=2011-09-29 |df= }}</ref>(Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name ''Sematura'' was also in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name ''Mania'' from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] in Opinion 2352 (2015)[http://iczn.org/node/40515], so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.
*Note: the name ''Nothus'' is preoccupied by a genus of [[Coleoptera]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uio.mbl.edu/pleary/Animalium/index.php?search=page&id=4418 |title=uio.mbl.edu |publisher=uio.mbl.edu |accessdate=2012-06-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929204810/http://uio.mbl.edu/pleary/Animalium/index.php?search=page&id=4418 |archivedate=2011-09-29 }}</ref> (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name ''Sematura'' was also in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name ''Mania'' from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] in Opinion 2352 (2015),<ref>[http://iczn.org/node/40515 Opinion 2352 (Case 3531): ''Sematura'' Dalman, 1825 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sematuridae): precedence over ''Mania'' Hübner, 1821 not given]</ref> so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.


==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
The adult moths of '''Sematurinae''' are either day or night-flying, depending on the genus and have the wings outspread at rest and the genus ''Sematura'' displays impressive eyespots at the hindwing tails.
The adult moths of Sematurinae are either day or night flying, depending on the genus and have the wings outspread at rest and the genus ''Sematura'' displays impressive [[eyespot (mimicry)|eyespots]] at the hindwing tails.


==Biology==
==Biology==
The biology of '''Sematurinae''' is so far poorly known. The larva of ''Homidiana'' was illustrated by Westwood (1879) who incorrectly placed it among ''Coronidia'', and was described by [[Anton Hermann Fassl|Fassl]] (1910). In 1995–1998, caterpillars were found in [[Costa Rica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu |title=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |publisher=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> Sematurine eggs have been described by Minet and Scoble (1999:302), and are upright, high, with vertical and finer transverse ribs. The caterpillars of ''Homidiana subpicta'' have rows of black spines either side of the [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] midline and five pairs of [[proleg]]s.<ref>[http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410813.jpg janzen.sas.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> The larva of ''Coronidia orithea'' lacks such spines, and is well [[camouflage]]d like a lichen-covered twig<ref>[http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25681_f.jpg janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> and has realistic-looking false eyes making it resemble a predatory spider.<ref>[http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25677_f.jpg janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> The [[larva]]e of ''Mania'' were reared in [[Costa Rica]] in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of ''Coronidia'' being well [[camouflage]]d but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface.<ref>[http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/17327g.gif tulane.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> Like some [[Uraniidae]], [[pupa]]tion occurs on the ground among debris. The pupa of ''Homidiana'' has a long projecting [[External morphology of Lepidoptera|proboscis]] "sheath"<ref>[http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/00-SRNP-9565_DHJ53585_f.jpg janzen.sas.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> with eight hooklets at the cremaster tip (Minet and Scoble, 1999).
The biology of Sematurinae is poorly known. The larva of ''Homidiana'' was illustrated by Westwood (1879) who incorrectly placed it among ''Coronidia'', and was described by [[Anton Hermann Fassl]] (1910). From 1995 to 1998, caterpillars were found in [[Costa Rica]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu |title=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |publisher=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> Sematurine eggs have been described by Joël Minet and Malcolm J. Scoble (1999:302), and are upright, high, with vertical and finer transverse ribs. The caterpillars of ''Homidiana subpicta'' have rows of black spines either side of the [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] midline and five pairs of [[proleg]]s.<ref>[http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410813.jpg janzen.sas.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> The larva of ''Coronidia orithea'' lacks such spines, and is well [[camouflage]]d like a lichen-covered twig<ref>[http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25681_f.jpg janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> and has realistic-looking false eyes making it resemble a predatory spider.<ref>[http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25677_f.jpg janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=December 2016}}</ref> The [[larva]]e of ''Mania'' were reared in [[Costa Rica]] in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of ''Coronidia'' being well camouflaged but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface.<ref>[http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/17327g.gif tulane.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> Like some [[Uraniidae]], [[pupa]]tion occurs on the ground among debris. The pupa of ''Homidiana'' has a long projecting [[External morphology of Lepidoptera|proboscis]] "sheath"<ref>[http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/00-SRNP-9565_DHJ53585_f.jpg janzen.sas.upenn.edu]{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> with eight hooklets at the cremaster tip (Minet and Scoble, 1999).


==Larval host plants==
==Larval host plants==
The [[caterpillar]] of ''Coronidia orithea'' is so far only known to feed on [[mistletoe]]s ([[Viscaceae]]: ''[[Phoradendron]] quadrangulare''). ''Homidiana subpicta'' feeds on a more diverse range of plants, including the families [[Araliaceae]] (''[[Oreopanax]]''), [[Gesneriaceae]], [[Piperaceae]] (''[[Piper (genus)|Piper]]''), [[Primulaceae]] (''[[Ardisia]]'', ''[[Myrsine]]''), Solanaceae (''[[Solanum]]''), [[Onagraceae]] (''[[Ludwigia (plant)|Ludwigia]]'') and [[Theophrastaceae]] (''Clavija'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu |title=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |publisher=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> ''"Sematura luna"''<ref>[http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm tulane.edu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105153344/http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm |date=November 5, 2004 }}</ref> reared in 2001 whose well-[[camouflage]]d [[larva]] is reported to feed on the [[legume]] ''Pentaclethra macroloba'' ([[Mimosoideae]]) and on ''[[Syzygium]] longifolium'' (Myrtaceae).
The [[caterpillar]] of ''Coronidia orithea'' is so far only known to feed on [[mistletoe]]s ([[Viscaceae]]: ''[[Phoradendron]] quadrangulare''). ''Homidiana subpicta'' feeds on a more diverse range of plants, including the families [[Araliaceae]] (''[[Oreopanax]]''), [[Gesneriaceae]], [[Piperaceae]] (''[[Piper (plant)|Piper]]''), [[Primulaceae]] (''[[Ardisia]]'', ''[[Myrsine]]''), Solanaceae (''[[Solanum]]''), [[Onagraceae]] (''[[Ludwigia (plant)|Ludwigia]]'') and [[Theophrastaceae]] (''Clavija'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu |title=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |publisher=janzen.sas.upenn.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-06-12}}</ref> ''"Sematura luna"''<ref>[http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm tulane.edu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041105153344/http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm |date=November 5, 2004 }}</ref> reared in 2001 whose well-camouflaged larva is reported to feed on the [[legume]] ''[[Pentaclethra macroloba]]'' ([[Mimosoideae]]) and on ''[[Syzygium]] longifolium'' (Myrtaceae).

==Provisional list of species (based on LepIndex)==
*''[[Coronidia erecthea]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small> [type locality Espiritu Santu, Brazil]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69147 |name=Coronidia erecthea |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Coronidia hyphasis]]'' <small>(Hopffer, 1856)</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Mexico]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69148 |name=Coronidia hyphasis |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Coronidia orithea]]'' <small>(Cramer, ''Papill. Exot.'' 3:121)</small> (originally in ''Phalaena'') [type locality Suriname] [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25680_f.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxon=Coronidia%20orithea] [http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25698_f.jpg]{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
**=''[[? durvillii]]'' <small>Guenée, 1857</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69150 |name=Coronidia orithea |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia hysudrus]]'' <small>Hopffer, 1857</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69151 |name=Coronidia orithea |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia boreada]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69152 |name=Coronidia orithea |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Coronidia difficilis]]'' <small>Strand, 1911</small> [type locality Chanchamayo, Peru]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69153 |name=Coronidia difficilis |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia ecuadorensis]]'' <small>Strand, 1911</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69154 |name=Coronidia difficilis |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana aeneophlebia]]'' <small>(Hampson, ''Novitates Zoologia'' 25:374)</small> (originally in ''Homidia'')<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69157 |name=Homidiana aeneophlebia |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana anilina]]'' <small>Bryk, 1930</small> [type locality Bolivia]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69158 |name=Homidiana anilina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana brachyura]]'' <small>Hampson, ''Novit. Zool.'' 25:373</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'' subg. (''Homidiana''))<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69159 |name=Homidiana brachyura |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana briseis]]'' <small>(Westwood, 1879)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'')<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69160 |name=Homidiana briseis |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana canace]]'' <small>Hopffer, 1856</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20060907224229/http://data.acnatsci.org/peale/peale.php?mode=specimen&collection=CMNH&specimen=855] [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69161 |name=Homidiana canace |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia aeola]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69162 |name=Homidiana canace |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia paulina]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69165 |name=Homidiana egina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronis cana]]'' <small>Hopffer, 1856</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69163 |name=Homidiana canace |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana egina]]'' <small>(Blanchard, 1849)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'')<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69164 |name=Homidiana egina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Homidiana nicaraguana]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69166 |name=Homidiana egina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana evenus]]'' <small>Boisduval, 1849</small>
**=''[[Coronis ducatrix]]'' <small>Schaufuss, 1870</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69168 |name=Homidiana evenus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Homidia subevenus]]'' <small>Strand, 1911</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69169 |name=Homidiana evenus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana gueneei]]'' <small>(Druce, 1891)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Panama, Mexico]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69170 |name=Homidiana gueneei |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana hoppi]]'' <small>(Bryk, 1930)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Colombia]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69171 |name=Homidiana hoppi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana leachi]]'' <small>(Godart, 1819)</small> (originally in ''Ag[u]arista'') [type locality Brazil]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69172 |name=Homidiana leachi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Homidiana japet]]'' <small>(Blanchard, 1849)</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Brazil]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69173 |name=Homidiana leachi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana lederi]]'' <small>Pfeiffer, 1925</small> [type locality Macas, Ecuador]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69174 |name=Homidiana lederi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana leucosticta]]'' <small>Hampson, 1918</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'' subg. ''Homidia'') [type locality Peru]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69175 |name=Homidiana leucosticta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana strandi]]'' <small>Pfeiffer, 1916</small> [type locality Peru]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69176 |name=Homidiana strandi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana monotona]]'' <small>(Hampson, 1918)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Huaylas, Peru]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69177 |name=Homidiana monotona |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana restincta]]'' <small>Strand, 1911</small> [type locality Macas, Ecuador] (originally in ''Homidia'')<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69178 |name=Homidiana restincta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana rosina]]'' <small>(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Bogota, Colombia])<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69179 |name=Homidiana rosina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia columbiana]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69180 |name=Homidiana rosina |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana rubrivena]]'' <small>(Dognin, 1919)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia)'' [type locality Colombia]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69181 |name=Homidiana rubrivena |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana subpicta]]'' <small>Walker, 1854</small> [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/98-SRNP-2196_DHJ44214_f.jpg as ''"Coronidia subpicta"'']{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/00-SRNP-9565_DHJ53588_f.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410804.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410805.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410806.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxon=Coronidia%20subpicta as "Coronidia subpicta"]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69181 |name=Homidiana rubrivena |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia biblina]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69184 |name=Homidiana subpicta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Homidiana echenais]]'' <small>Hopffer, 1856</small> [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69184 |name=Homidiana subpicta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Coronidia granadina]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69185 |name=Homidiana subpicta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana tangens]]'' <small>(Strand, 1911)</small> (originally in ''Homidia'') [type locality Macas, Ecuador]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69186 |name=Homidiana tangens |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana traducta]]'' <small>(Strand, 1911)</small> (originally in ''Homidia'') [type locality 2–3000 m. Chaco, Bolivia]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69187 |name=Homidiana traducta |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Homidiana westwoodi]]'' <small>Oberthür, 1881</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Manazales, Colombia]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69188 |name=Homidiana westwoodi |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Mania aegisthus]]''<small> Fabricius, 1781</small> [Jamaica/Hispaniola/Cuba] [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/jamaicamoths/images2/notaeg.htm] [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/jamaicamoths/images2/notind1.htm "Nothus" species]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69199 |name=Nothus aegisthus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Mania lunigeraria]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small> [1825]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69200 |name=Nothus aegisthus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Sematura excavatus]]'' <small>Walker, 1854</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69201 |name=Nothus aegisthus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Sematura phoebe]]'' <small>Guenée, 1857</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69202 |name=Nothus aegisthus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Mania diana]]'' <small>Guenée, 1857</small> [Rio de Janeiro]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69203 |name=Nothus diana |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Mania lunus]]'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/belizemoths/images2/nothind1.htm]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69205 |name=Nothus lunus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Sematura actaeon]]'' <small>Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69205 |name=Nothus lunus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Mania caudilunaria]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823 [1925]</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69206 |name=Nothus lunus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Mania empedocles]]'' <small>Cramer, 1782</small> [type locality Suriname] [http://www.ogphoto.com/images/bfly2/treebark.jpg]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69207 |name=Nothus empedocles |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Sematura selene]]'' <small>Guenée, 1857</small> [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105153344/http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm Dyer/Gentry/''"Sematura luna"''] [http://www.papillon-poitou-charentes.org/Lepido_Uraniidae/pages/Papillon44.htm]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69208 |name=Nothus empedocles |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Mania empedoclaria]]'' <small>Hübner, 1823</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69209 |name=Nothus empedocles |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx beckeri]]'' <small>(Druce, 1897)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Mexico, near Durangs City]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69133 |name=Anurapteryx beckeri |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx brueckneri]]'' <small>Hering, 1928</small><ref>{{LepIndex |id=69134 |name=Anurapteryx brueckneri |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx crenulata]]'' <small>Barnes & Lindsey, 1919</small> [type locality Paradise, Arizona]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69135 |name=Anurapteryx crenulata |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20020816064109/http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Sematuridae/A_crenulata.jpg Image]
*''[[Anurapteryx flavidorsata]]'' <small>(Hampson, 1918)</small> (originally in ''Homidia'') [no card]
*''[[Anurapteryx gephyra]]'' <small>Hering, 1928</small> [type locality Guatemala]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69136 |name=Anurapteryx gephyra |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx interlineata]]'' <small>(Walker, 1854)</small> [Central and South America, no type locality given] (originally in ''Coronis'')<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69137 |name=Anurapteryx interlineata |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Anurapteryx abbreviata]]'' <small>(Maassen, 1890)</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Banos, Ecuador, 1800 m.]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69138 |name=Anurapteryx interlineata |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Anurapteryx meticulosa]]'' <small>Pief, ''Ent. Zt.'' 31:7</small> (originally in ?(type locality West Colombia, Rio Aguacabal, 2000 m., by Fassl)<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69139 |name=Anurapteryx interlineata |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx insolita]]'' <small>(Strand, 1911)</small> (originally in ''Homidia'') [no type locality]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69140 |name=Anurapteryx insolita |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx montana]]'' <small>Beutelspacher, 1984</small> [type locality Mexico]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69141 |name=Anurapteryx montana |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Anurapteryx ribbei]]'' <small>(Druce, 1891)</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Chiriqui, Panama]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69142 |name=Anurapteryx ribbei |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Lonchotura fassli]]'' <small>Pfeiffer, ''Ent. Zt.'' 31:7, Pl.</small> (originally in ?) [type locality West Colombia, Rio Aguacabal, by Fassl]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69190 |name=Lonchotura fassli |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Lonchotura ocylus]]'' <small>(Boisduval, 1870)</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Guatemala]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69191 |name=Lonchotura ocylus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Lonchotura dutreuxi]]'' <small>Deyrolle, 1874</small> (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Costa Rica]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69192 |name=Lonchotura ocylus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
**=''[[Lonchotura peruviana]]'' <small>Hering, 1928</small> (originally in ?) [type locality Chachamayo, Peru]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69194 |name=Lonchotura ocylus |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>
*''[[Lonchotura genevana]]'' <small>Westwood, 1879</small> (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Mexico]<ref>{{LepIndex |id=69193 |name=Lonchotura genevana |accessdate=May 14, 2018}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 57: Line 117:


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/lepindex/ NHM Lepindex]
*[http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/sematuridae/anurapteryx/index.html Markku Savela's website: ''Anurapteryx'' and ''Lonchotura'']
*[http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/sematuridae/anurapteryx/index.html Markku Savela's website: ''Anurapteryx'' and ''Lonchotura'']
*[http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972 Insecta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera . Volume III (1881-1900) by Herbert Druce]
*[http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972 Insecta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera . Volume III (1881-1900) by Herbert Druce]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160120010033/http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea LepTree ''Coronidia orithea'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160120010033/http://www.leptree.net/Coronidia_orithea LepTree ''Coronidia orithea'']
*[http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxid=58866 Barcoding progress]
*[http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxid=58866 Barcoding progress]
*[http://www.leptree.net/status_matrix LepTree nuclear gene sequencing progress]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070918014718/http://www.leptree.net/status_matrix LepTree nuclear gene sequencing progress]
*[http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/doid.html Moths of South-East Arizona (''Anurapteryx crenulata'')]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070429003038/http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/doid.html Moths of South-East Arizona (''Anurapteryx crenulata'')]

==Provisional list of species (based on LepIndex)==
*''[[Coronidia erecthea]]'' Westwood, 1879 [Type locality Espiritu Santu, Brazil] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69147.0 Card]
*''[[Coronidia hyphasis]]'' (Hopffer, 1856) (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Mexico] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69148.0 Card]
*''[[Coronidia orithea]]'' (Cramer, Papill. Exot. 3:121) (originally in ''Phalaena'') [Type locality Surinam] [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25680_f.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxon=Coronidia%20orithea] [http://janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu:16080/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20orithea/95-SRNP-8509_DHJ25698_f.jpg]
**=''[[? durvillii]]'' Guenée, 1857 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69150.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia hysudrus]]'' Hopffer, 1857 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69151.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia boreada]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69152.0 Card]
*''[[Coronidia difficilis]]'' Strand, 1911 [Type locality Chanchamayo, Peru] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69153.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia ecuadorensis]]'' Strand, 1911 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69154.0 var. of ''difficilis'']
*''[[Homidiana aeneophlebia]]'' (Hampson, Novitates Zoologia 25:374) (originally in ''Homidia'') [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69157.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana anilina]]'' Bryk, 1930 [Type locality Bolivia] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69158.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana brachyura]]'' Hampson, Novit. Zool. 25:373 (originally in ''Coronidia'' subg. (''Homidiana'')) [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69159.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana briseis]]'' (Westwood, 1879) (originally in ''Coronidia) [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69160.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana canace]]'' Hopffer, 1856 [http://data.acnatsci.org/peale/peale.php?mode=specimen&collection=CMNH&specimen=855] [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69161.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia aeola]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69162.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia paulina]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69165.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronis cana]]'' Hopffer, 1856 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69163.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana egina]]'' (Blanchard, 1849) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69164.0 Card]
**=''[[Homidiana nicaraguana]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69166.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana evenus]]'' Boisduval, 1849
**=''[[Coronis ducatrix]]'' Schaufuss, 1870 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69168.0 Card]
**=''[[Homidia subevenus]]'' Strand, 1911 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69169.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana gueneei]]'' (Druce, 1891) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [Type locality Panama, Mexico] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69170.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana hoppi]]'' (Bryk, 1930) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Colombia] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69171.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana leachi]]'' (Godart, 1819) (originally in ''Ag[u]arista'') [Type locality Brazil] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69172.0 Card]
**=''[[Homidiana japet]]'' (Blanchard, 1849) (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Brazil] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69173.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana lederi]]'' Pfeiffer, 1925 [Type locality Macas, Ecuador] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69174.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana leucosticta]]'' Hampson, 1918 (originally in ''Coronidia'' subg. ''Homidia'') [Type locality Peru] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69175.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana strandi]]'' Pfeiffer, 1916 [Type locality Peru] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69176.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana monotona]]'' (Hampson, 1918) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [type locality Huaylas, Peru] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69177.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana restincta]]'' Strand, 1911 [type locality Macas, Ecuador] (originally in ''Homidia'') [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69178.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana rosina]]'' (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) (originally in ''Coronis'') [type locality Bogota, Colombia]) [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69179.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia columbiana]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69180.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana rubrivena]]'' (Dognin, 1919) (originally in ''Coronidia) [type locality Colombia] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69181.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana subpicta]]'' Walker, 1854 [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/98-SRNP-2196_DHJ44214_f.jpg as ''"Coronidia subpicta"'']{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/00-SRNP-9565_DHJ53588_f.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410804.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410805.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/06-SRNP-4964_DHJ410806.jpg]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://janzen.sas.upenn.edu/2700ARCHIVES/Sematuridae/Coronidia%20subpicta/]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.barcodinglife.org/views/taxbrowser.php?taxon=Coronidia%20subpicta as "Coronidia subpicta"] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69181.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia biblina]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69184.0 Card]
**=''[[Homidiana echenais]]'' Hopffer, 1856 [http://www.sil.si.edu/imagegalaxy/imageGalaxy_enlarge.cfm?id_image=5972] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69184.0 Card]
**=''[[Coronidia granadina]]'' Westwood, 1879 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69185.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana tangens]]'' (Strand, 1911) (originally in ''Homidia'') [Type locality Macas, Ecuador] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69186.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana traducta]]'' (Strand, 1911) (originally in ''Homidia'') [Type locality 2–3000 m. Chaco, Bolivia] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69187.0 Card]
*''[[Homidiana westwoodi]]'' Oberthür, 1881 (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Manazales, Colombia] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69188.0 Card]
*''[[Mania aegisthus]]'' Fabricius, 1781 [Jamaica/Surinam] [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/jamaicamoths/images2/notaeg.htm] [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/jamaicamoths/images2/notind1.htm "Nothus" species] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69199.0 Card]
**=''[[Mania lunigeraria]]'' Hübner, 1823 [1825] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69200.0 Card]
**=''[[Sematura excavatus]]'' Walker, 1854 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69201.0 Card]
**=''[[Sematura phoebe]]'' Guenée, 1857 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69202.0 Card]
*''[[Mania diana]]'' Guenée, 1857 [Rio de Janeiro] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69203.0 Card]
*''[[Mania lunus]]'' Linnaeus, 1758 [http://www.mbarnes.force9.co.uk/belizemoths/images2/nothind1.htm] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69205.0 Card]
**=''[[Sematura actaeon]]'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69205.0 Card]
**=''[[Mania caudilunaria]]'' Hübner, 1823 [1925] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69206.0 Card]
*''[[Mania empedocles]]'' Cramer, 1782 [Type locality Surinam] [http://www.ogphoto.com/images/bfly2/treebark.jpg] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69207.0 Card]
**=''[[Sematura selene]]'' Guenée, 1857 [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105153344/http://www.tulane.edu/~ldyer/lsacat/species/uraniidae/ura1/ura1.htm Dyer/Gentry/''"Sematura luna"''] [http://www.papillon-poitou-charentes.org/Lepido_Uraniidae/pages/Papillon44.htm] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69208.0 Card]
**=''[[Mania empedoclaria]]'' Hübner, 1823 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69209.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx beckeri]]'' (Druce, 1897) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [Type locality Mexico, near Durangs City] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69133.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx brueckneri]]'' Hering, 1928 [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69134.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx crenulata]]'' Barnes & Lindsey, 1919 [Type locality Paradise, Arizona] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69135.0 Card] [http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Sematuridae/A_crenulata.jpg Image]
*''[[Anurapteryx flavidorsata]]'' (Hampson, 1918) (originally in ''Homidia'') [no card]
*''[[Anurapteryx gephyra]]'' Hering, 1928 [Type locality Guatemala] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69136.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx interlineata]]'' (Walker, 1854) [Central and South America, no type locality given] (originally in ''Coronis'')[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69137.0 Card]
**=''[[Anurapteryx abbreviata]]'' (Maassen, 1890) (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Banos, Ecuador, 1800 m.] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69138.0 Card]
**=''[[Anurapteryx meticulosa]]'' Pief, Ent. Zt. 31:7 (originally in ?(Type locality West Colombia, Rio Aguacabal, 2000 m., by Fassl) [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69139.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx insolita]]'' (Strand, 1911) (originally in ''Homidia'') [No type locality] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69140.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx montana]]'' Beutelspacher, 1984 [Type locality Mexico] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69141.0 Card]
*''[[Anurapteryx ribbei]]'' (Druce, 1891) (originally in ''Coronidia'') [Type locality Chiriqui, Panama] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69142.0 Card]
*''[[Lonchotura fassli]]'' Pfeiffer, Ent. Zt. 31:7, Pl. (originally in ?) [Type locality West Colombia, Rio Aguacabal, by Fassl] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69190.0 Card]
*''[[Lonchotura ocylus]]'' (Boisduval, 1870) (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Guatemala] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69191.0 Card]
**=''[[Lonchotura dutreuxi]]'' Deyrolle, 1874 (originally in ''Coronis'') [Type locality Costa Rica] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69192.0 Card]
**=''[[Lonchotura peruviana]]'' Hering, 1928 (originally in ?) [Type locality Chachamayo, Peru] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69194.0 Card]
*''[[Lonchotura genevana]]'' Westwood, 1879 (originally in ''Coronidia'') [Type locality Mexico] [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/research/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=69193.0 Card]


{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wikispecies-inline}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q7449136}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7449136}}

Latest revision as of 03:43, 31 May 2024

Sematurinae
Mania species from the collection of Felix Stumpe
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Sematuridae
Subfamily: Sematurinae
Genera
  • Coronidia Westwood, 1879
    • =Conoris Berthold, 1827 [rejected name]
    • =Larunda Hübner, 1823 [junior homonym]
    • =Coronis Latreille, 1829 [junior homonym]
  • Homidiana Strand, 1914
    • =Homidia Strand, 1911 [junior homonym]
  • Mania Hübner, 1821
    • =Nothus Billberg, 1820 [junior homonym of Nothus Ziegler in Oliver, 1811]
    • =Sematura Dalman, 1825
    • =Manidia Westwood, 1879 [unnecessary replacement name]
  • Lonchotura Hampson, 1918
  • Anurapteryx Hampson, 1918

Sematurinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Sematuridae represented by at least 29 species in the Neotropics.

Taxonomy, classification and identification

[edit]

Sematurinae has three principal genera, and possibly another two. The hindwing of Coronidia is distinguished by an iridescent blue band,[1] but Homidiana characteristically has pink, orange or yellow markings,[2] especially in females (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus Mania is large, brown and tailed, resembling to some extent the genus Lyssa. The approximately twelve other sematurid species in the genera Anurapteryx and Lonchotura are placed here for now (making about 41 species) but may not belong in this subfamily; one species, Anurapteryx crenulata reaches the subtropics of Arizona[3] (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The relationships within Sematuridae clearly need deeper investigation.

  • Note: the name Nothus is preoccupied by a genus of Coleoptera[4] (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The genus name Sematura was also in use for this genus, but it was younger (being published in 1825) than Hübner's name Mania from 1821; a petition to conserve the junior name was rejected by the ICZN in Opinion 2352 (2015),[5] so Hübner's name is officially now the valid name for the genus.

Behaviour

[edit]

The adult moths of Sematurinae are either day or night flying, depending on the genus and have the wings outspread at rest and the genus Sematura displays impressive eyespots at the hindwing tails.

Biology

[edit]

The biology of Sematurinae is poorly known. The larva of Homidiana was illustrated by Westwood (1879) who incorrectly placed it among Coronidia, and was described by Anton Hermann Fassl (1910). From 1995 to 1998, caterpillars were found in Costa Rica.[6] Sematurine eggs have been described by Joël Minet and Malcolm J. Scoble (1999:302), and are upright, high, with vertical and finer transverse ribs. The caterpillars of Homidiana subpicta have rows of black spines either side of the dorsal midline and five pairs of prolegs.[7] The larva of Coronidia orithea lacks such spines, and is well camouflaged like a lichen-covered twig[8] and has realistic-looking false eyes making it resemble a predatory spider.[9] The larvae of Mania were reared in Costa Rica in 2001 and are a bit similar to those of Coronidia being well camouflaged but bearing small projections rather than long spines one the dorsal surface.[10] Like some Uraniidae, pupation occurs on the ground among debris. The pupa of Homidiana has a long projecting proboscis "sheath"[11] with eight hooklets at the cremaster tip (Minet and Scoble, 1999).

Larval host plants

[edit]

The caterpillar of Coronidia orithea is so far only known to feed on mistletoes (Viscaceae: Phoradendron quadrangulare). Homidiana subpicta feeds on a more diverse range of plants, including the families Araliaceae (Oreopanax), Gesneriaceae, Piperaceae (Piper), Primulaceae (Ardisia, Myrsine), Solanaceae (Solanum), Onagraceae (Ludwigia) and Theophrastaceae (Clavija).[12] "Sematura luna"[13] reared in 2001 whose well-camouflaged larva is reported to feed on the legume Pentaclethra macroloba (Mimosoideae) and on Syzygium longifolium (Myrtaceae).

Provisional list of species (based on LepIndex)

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Leptree.net (2007-01-27). "leptree.net". leptree.net. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  2. ^ "sil.si.edu". sil.si.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  3. ^ "nitro.biosci.arizona.edu". Archived from the original on 2002-08-16. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  4. ^ "uio.mbl.edu". uio.mbl.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  5. ^ Opinion 2352 (Case 3531): Sematura Dalman, 1825 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Sematuridae): precedence over Mania Hübner, 1821 not given
  6. ^ "janzen.sas.upenn.edu". janzen.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  7. ^ janzen.sas.upenn.edu[dead link‍]
  8. ^ janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu[dead link‍]
  9. ^ janzen-db.bio.upenn.edu[dead link‍]
  10. ^ tulane.edu[dead link‍]
  11. ^ janzen.sas.upenn.edu[dead link‍]
  12. ^ "janzen.sas.upenn.edu". janzen.sas.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
  13. ^ tulane.edu Archived November 5, 2004, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia erecthea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  15. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia hyphasis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  16. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  17. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  18. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia orithea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  19. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia difficilis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  20. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Coronidia difficilis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  21. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana aeneophlebia​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  22. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana anilina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  23. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana brachyura​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  24. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana briseis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  25. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  26. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  27. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  28. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana canace​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  29. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  30. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana egina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  31. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana evenus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  32. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana evenus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  33. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana gueneei​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  34. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana hoppi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  35. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leachi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  36. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leachi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  37. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana lederi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  38. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana leucosticta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  39. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana strandi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  40. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana monotona​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  41. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana restincta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  42. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rosina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  43. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rosina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  44. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rubrivena​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  45. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana rubrivena​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  46. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  47. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  48. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana subpicta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  49. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana tangens​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  50. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana traducta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  51. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Homidiana westwoodi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  52. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  53. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  54. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  55. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus aegisthus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  56. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus diana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  57. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  58. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  59. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus lunus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  60. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  61. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  62. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Nothus empedocles​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  63. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx beckeri​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  64. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx brueckneri​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  65. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx crenulata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  66. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx gephyra​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  67. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  68. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  69. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx interlineata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  70. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx insolita​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  71. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx montana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  72. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Anurapteryx ribbei​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  73. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura fassli​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  74. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  75. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  76. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura ocylus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  77. ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "​Lonchotura genevana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  • Fassl, A.H. (1910). Die Raupe einer Uranide. Z. wiss. InsektBiol, 6(10): 355.
  • Minet, J. and Scoble, M. J. (1999) [1998] The Drepanoid/Geometroid Assemblage. Pp. 301–320 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), 1999 [1998]. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1, Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology, vol. IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
  • Westwood, J.O. 1879. Observations on the Uraniidae, a family of Lepidopterous Insects, with a Synopsis of the Family and a Monograph of Coronidia, one of the genera of which it is composed. Transactions of the Zoological Society, 10(12): 1–35, 3 plates.

Other sources

[edit]
  • NHM Lepindex
  • Dyer, L.A. and G.L. Gentry. 2002. Caterpillars and parasitoids of a tropical lowland wet forest, caterpillars.org, Accessed, March 2007.
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Data related to Sematurinae at Wikispecies

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