Historical hydroculture: Difference between revisions

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This is a history of notable hydroculture phenomena. Ancient hydroculture proposed sites and modern revolutionary works are mentioned. Included in this history are all forms of aquatic and semi-aquatic based horticulture that focus on flora: aquatic gardening, semi-aquatic crop farming, hydroponics, aquaponics, passive hydroponics, and modern aeroponics.^[1]

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

One of the wonders of the ancient world was irrigated by the Euphrates River. It is uncertain if Sammu-ramat or Nebuchadnezzar II ordered them to be built between the 8th and 7th century BC Babylonia. The gardens were built partially on top of ziggurats, and plants were irrigated on channels. No direct evidence of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon exists. However, there is archeological evidence, uncovered by Robert Koldewey, that ancient structures exist to support the technology used for these gardens. Ancient Greeks Diodorus Siculus and Strabo have noted the Hanging Babylonian Gardens.^[2]

Precolonial America

Scale models of chinampas used by the Aztecs in the lakes surrounding Tenochititlan on display at the museum of the Templo Mayor.

A chinampa is a floating garden armada in a lake from the Xochimilco region, once Chinampan, of Mexico. This floating garden, still in use, can have an area of up to 10 meters by 200 meters.^[3]

The agricultural output of the chinampa allowed the postclassic Aztec civilization to flourish.

Historical Orient

Historically, fish have been raised within flooded rice fields in Indochina and China.^[4]

Living root bridges

There are 500-year-old bridges made by living roots in India, sculpted by the War-Khasis.^[5] These trees span rivers, and may be limited in connectivity to hydroculture.

Modern

Hydroculture found in nature

Ōhi'a Lehua, Metrosideros polymorpha, is a Hawaiian plant with roots that can grow suspended in extinct lava tubes. The roots of this plant are able to penetrate deep into the volcanic rock, to reach these hollow tubes, where they can collect moisture.^[6]

References

^ "History of hydroponics". Garden Culture Magazine. Retrieved Aug 19, 2022.
^ Robert McHenry, ed. (1993). "Hanging Gardens of Babylon". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (15 ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. pp. 681–682. ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9. OCLC 855170286.
^ Robert McHenry, ed. (1993). "Chinampa". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (15 ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9. OCLC 855170286.
^ McMurtry, M. R., Nelson, P.V., & Sanders, D.C. (1988). Aqua-vegeculture systems. International Ag-Sieve, 1(3), article 7.
^ "Living Bridges in India Have Grown for 500 Years (Pics)". TreeHugger, New York. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
^ Cambell Scott, David Allen, Mike Slee, Paul Spillenger (August 2010). "Hawaii". Atlas 4D. Season 1. USA. Discovery.

[1] "History of hydroponics". Garden Culture Magazine. Retrieved Aug 19, 2022.

[Babylon-2] Robert McHenry, ed. (1993). "Hanging Gardens of Babylon". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (15 ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. pp. 681–682. ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9. OCLC 855170286.

[Chinampa-3] Robert McHenry, ed. (1993). "Chinampa". The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (15 ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Incorporated. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-85229-663-9. OCLC 855170286.

[mcmurtry1988-4] McMurtry, M. R., Nelson, P.V., & Sanders, D.C. (1988). Aqua-vegeculture systems. International Ag-Sieve, 1(3), article 7.

[5] "Living Bridges in India Have Grown for 500 Years (Pics)". TreeHugger, New York. Retrieved December 20, 2012.

[DscAtlas-6] Cambell Scott, David Allen, Mike Slee, Paul Spillenger (August 2010). "Hawaii". Atlas 4D. Season 1. USA. Discovery.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{more footnotes|date=September 2012}}
 [[File:Jardins de Babylone Century-Vol 56.jpg|right|225px]]
-This is a history of notable [[hydroculture]] phenomena. Ancient hydroculture proposed sites, and modern revolutionary works are mentioned. Included in this history are all forms of aquatic and semi-aquatic based horticulture that focus on flora: [[Aquascaping|aquatic gardening]], semi-aquatic crop farming, [[hydroponics]], [[aquaponics]], [[passive hydroponics]], and modern [[aeroponics]].
+This is a history of notable [[hydroculture]] phenomena. Ancient hydroculture proposed sites and modern revolutionary works are mentioned. Included in this history are all forms of aquatic and semi-aquatic based horticulture that focus on flora: [[Aquascaping|aquatic gardening]], semi-aquatic crop farming, [[hydroponics]], [[aquaponics]], [[passive hydroponics]], and modern [[aeroponics]].<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://gardenculturemagazine.com/author/jeff/|title= History of hydroponics|work= Garden Culture Magazine|access-date= Aug 19, 2022|language= en-US}}</ref>
-<!-- ==Ancient aquatic gardens==
-BC lotus flower use in Egyptian aquatic gardens-->
 ==Hanging Gardens of Babylon==
 [[File:BasoliAntonio StageSet1 Meyerbeer Semiramide.jpg|right|225px]]
 {{Main|Hanging Gardens of Babylon}}
-One of the wonders of the ancient world, was irrigated by the Euphrates River. It is uncertain if [[Semiramis|Sammu-ramat]] or [[Nebuchadnezzar II|Nebuchadrezzar II]] ordered them to be built between 8th and 7th century BC Babylonia. The gardens were built partially on top of ziggurats, and plants were irrigated on channels. No direct evidence of the [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]] exists. However, there is archeological evidence, uncovered by [[Robert Koldewey]], that ancient structures exist to support the technology used for these gardens.<ref name="Babylon">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Hanging Gardens of Babylon | encyclopedia=Britannica | publisher=Encylopedia Britannica Inc | accessdate=August 31, 2012 | editor=University of Chicago | year=1993 | volume=5 | edition=15 | location=Chicago | pages=681–682}}</ref>
+One of the wonders of the ancient world was irrigated by the Euphrates River. It is uncertain if [[Semiramis|Sammu-ramat]] or [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] ordered them to be built between the 8th and 7th century BC Babylonia. The gardens were built partially on top of [[ziggurat]]s, and plants were irrigated on channels. No direct evidence of the [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]] exists. However, there is archeological evidence, uncovered by [[Robert Koldewey]], that ancient structures exist to support the technology used for these gardens. Ancient Greeks [[Diodorus Siculus]] and [[Strabo]] have noted the Hanging Babylonian Gardens.<ref name="Babylon">{{cite EB15|1993|5|Hanging Gardens of Babylon |pages=681–682}}</ref>
-Ancient Greeks [[Diodorus Siculus]] and [[Strabo]] have noted the Hanging Babylonian Gardens.
-[[Masdar city]] appears to be a modern reflection of what the Hanging Gardens were imagined to be.
-==Ancient Greece==
-Passive hydroponics were known to ancient Greeks, who used sand and gravel in this gardening method. <!--Although hydroponics were not popular in this era, the term "hydroponic" was created by the ancient Greeks.-->
 ==Precolonial America==
 {{Main|Chinampa}}
-[[File:ChinampaScaleModel.JPG|thumb]]
+[[File:ChinampaScaleModel.JPG|thumb|Scale models of [[chinampas]] used by the [[Aztecs]] in the lakes surrounding [[Tenochititlan]] on display at the museum of the [[Templo Mayor]].]]
-A [[Chinampa]] is a floating garden armada in a lake from the Xochimilco region, once Chinampan, of Mexico. This floating garden, still in use, can have an area of up to 10 meters by 200 meters.<ref name="Chinampa">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Chinampa | encyclopedia=Britannica | publisher=Encylopedia Britannica Inc | accessdate=August 31, 2012 | editor=University of Chicago | year=1993 | volume=3 | edition=15 | location=Chicago | pages=231}}</ref> The agricultural output of the chinampa allowed the [[Mesoamerican chronology#Postclassic period|postclassic]] Aztec civilization to flourish.
+A [[chinampa]] is a floating garden armada in a lake from the Xochimilco region, once Chinampan, of Mexico. This floating garden, still in use, can have an area of up to 10 meters by 200 meters.<ref name="Chinampa">{{cite EB15|1993|3|Chinampa|page=231}}</ref>
+The agricultural output of the chinampa allowed the [[Mesoamerican chronology#Postclassic period|postclassic]] Aztec civilization to flourish.
-<!--Incan aquatic-based agriculture-->
 ==Historical Orient==
 Historically, fish have been raised within flooded rice fields in Indochina and China.<ref name="mcmurtry1988">McMurtry, M. R., Nelson, P.V., & Sanders, D.C. (1988). [http://www.fadr.msu.ru/rodale/agsieve/txt/vol1/3/art7.html Aqua-vegeculture systems]. International Ag-Sieve, 1(3), article 7.</ref>
-<!--Aquatic gardens: Japanese, Korean, Chinese
-==Notable aquatic gardening==
+==Living root bridges==
+{{see|Living root bridges}}
-Persian
+There are 500-year-old bridges made by living roots in India, sculpted by the [[Khasi people|War-Khasis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/09/living-bridges-india-grown-500-years-pics.php |title=Living Bridges in India Have Grown for 500 Years (Pics) |publisher= [[TreeHugger]], New York |accessdate=December 20, 2012}}</ref> These trees span rivers, and may be limited in connectivity to hydroculture.
-Indian
--->
 ==Modern==
 {{Further|BioHome|Living with the Land|}}
-<!--semi-aquatic or aquatic crops: cranberry bogswater-spinach, rice, wild rice, wasabi, watercress, waterpepper, water chestnut, http://natures-water.com/education_information/edible_plants/index.html -->
+==Hydroculture found in nature==<!--May not belong here, but not enough expected to be found for its own article, so far-->
+Ōhi'a Lehua, [[Metrosideros polymorpha]], is a Hawaiian plant with roots that can grow suspended in extinct lava tubes. The roots of this plant are able to penetrate deep into the volcanic rock, to reach these hollow tubes, where they can collect moisture.<ref name="DscAtlas">{{cite episode | title=Hawaii | series=Atlas 4D | credits=Cambell Scott, David Allen, Mike Slee, Paul Spillenger | network=Discovery | location=USA | airdate=August 2010 | season=1}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 {{colbegin}}
-* [[Botanical garden#Historical_development| Botanical garden history]]
+* [[Botanical garden#History and development|Botanical garden history]]
 * [[History of agriculture]]
 * [[History of gardening]]
 * [[Horticulture]]
 * [[Incan agriculture#Land use|Incan agriculture]]
+*''[[Nanfang Caomu Zhuang]]'', earliest record of floating gardens
 * [[Water garden]]
 {{colend}}
@@ Line 51: / Line 43: @@
 {{Hydroculture}}
-[[Category:Hydroculture| ]]
+[[Category:Hydroculture]]
-[[Category:Horticulture and gardening]]
+[[Category:Horticulture]]
 [[Category:History of agriculture]]

v t e Hydroculture
Historical hydroculture
Types	Aeroponics Aquaponics Aquascaping Hydroponics passive
Subtypes	Aquatic garden Bottle garden Deep water culture Kratky method Ebb and flow Fogponics Microponics Nutrient film technique Organic hydroponics Organopónicos Sub-irrigated planter Top drip
Substrates	Charcoal Coco peat Diatomaceous earth Expanded clay aggregate Gravel Growstones Lava rock Mineral wool Perlite Pumice Rice hulls Sand Vermiculite Wood fibre
Accessories	Grow light Hydroponic dosers Irrigation sprinkler Leaf sensor Net-pot Spray nozzle Timers Ultrasonic hydroponic fogger Water chiller
Related concepts	Algaculture Aquaculture of coral Aquaculture of sea sponges Controlled-environment agriculture Historical hydroculture Hydroponicum Paludarium Plant nutrition Plant propagation Rhizosphere Root rot Vertical farming Water aeration
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